Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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SOVIET APPROACH TO CHARACTER TRAINING The Case of Student Collcives
No full textSocialist revolution enlails fundamental changes in the values,aspirations as well as behaviors of society towards a total identificationwith the proletariat, (I characteristic recognized as the hallmark ofcommunist morality. Such value changes owe much to the role of schools inthe character training ofyo~th and, in this respect, It appears that the Sovietstudent collectives have achieved considerable success in instilling socialistconsciousness among youth. Thus attempt Is made 10 identify the socialand psychological variables accounting for Ihe relative success of the collectivesand with these variables as a basis, suggestions are made for theorganization of Ethiopian student youth with specific behavioral goals,evaluation methods and reinforcement patterns
LITERACY: A SEARCH FOR CORRELATES
No full textA Telliew of literature of dellelopment processes in Developing Nations shows thatlitertacy has often been associated with indicators of the process of modernization.This study attempts to examine the correlartes of literacy in the Ethiopian context.A surlley study of 200 household heads in the subdistrict of rural Bahir Darwas made to investigate the hypothesized relationship. The results suggest mixedrelationships. Literacy is not necessarily, a correlate of the lIariables; technification,innollativeness, cosmopolitannes and dislocation. Economic status was found anegative correlate of literacy. Exposure to the mass media, educational aspiration,and conscientization were, however, identified as significant positive correlates
ሕይወት በባሕር ማዶ- በሐዋርያው ልጄ እና ህልመኛዋ እናት ልብ ወለዶች፦ ከሥርዓተ ጾታ ንድፈ ሐሳብ ዕይታ አንጻር
Get PDFአጠቃሎ:- ኢትዮጵያ በርካታ ዜጎቿ ወደ መዳረሻ አገራት መጉረፍ የጀመሩት ከ1970ዎቹ ወዲህ መሆኑን ጥናቶች ያመለክታሉ። ግዙፍ ቁጥር ያለውን ይህን ማኅበረሰብ በሚመለከት በሥነ ጽሑፍ ዘርፍ የሚደረጉ ጥናቶች አነስተኛነት ለዚህ ጥናት መደረግ ምክንያት ነው። ጥናቱ ያተኮረው በእታለም እሸቴ (ህልመኛዋ እናት 2004) እና በሒሩት ሐጎስ (ሐዋርያው ልጄ 2003) ልብ ወለዶች ሲሆን በልብ ወለዶቹ የታዩት የአጻጻፍ ስልቶች፣ የገጸ ባህርያት አሳሳልና የተንጸባረቁ ጭብጦች፣ የሥርዓተ ጾታ ንድፈ ሐሳብ (Theory of Gender) እና ማኅበረሰባዊ መስተጋብር (social construcioinism) ንድፈ ሐሳብን በመጠቀም ተተንትነዋል። መጻሕፍቱ የተመረጡት በአገርኛ ቋንቋ በሴቶች የተደረሱ በመሆናቸውና የሥርዐተ ጾታ ግንኙነትን ጉልህ ጭብጣቸው በማድረጋቸው ነው። በልብ ወለዶቹ ሦስት ዋና መልእክቶች ተላልፈዋል። በመነሻም ሆነ በመዳረሻ አገሮች በሴቶች ላይ ስለሚደርሱ የቤት ውስጥ ጥቃቶች፣ በተለምዶ የሴቶችና የወንዶች ተብለው የተወሰኑ ኃላፊነቶች ትምህርትና መልክዐ ምድራዊ ለውጥ የማይቀይራቸው መሆናቸው፣ በስደት ከሚኖሩ ኢትዮጵያውያን ጥንዶች የሚወለዱ ሕጻናት ስለሚያጋጥሟቸው በቤተሰብ ተቋም ውስጥ ለማደግ የማያስችሉ ሁኔታዎች መኖራቸው የትንታኔው ግኝቶች ናቸው። ደራስያቱ ተምሳሌታዊ አቀራረብን፣ ንግርንና ባህላዊ ክንውኖችን ለመልእክቶቻቸው ማስተላለፊያነት ተጠቅመዋል። የአተራረክ ስልቶቻቸው በምሳሌያዊ አነጋገሮች፣ በቁሳዊ ትእምርቶች፣ እንዲሁም በንግርና በምልሰት የታጀቡ ናቸው። በገጸ ባህርያቱ አሳሳል ረገድ ሴቶቹ ራሳቸውን ለአዲስ አካባቢ ሳያዘጋጁ ያደጉበትን ባህል አስጠብቀው ሲኖሩ፣ ወንዶቹሞ ደግሞ በቀላሉ አዲስ አካባቢን ሲላመዱ፣ ይህም ከቤተሰባቸው በአካልም በመንፈስም ሲለያያቸው ይታያል። ጥናቱ የሚከተሉትን ሁለት ጉዳዮች በምክረ ሐሳብነት ያቀርባል። የመጀመሪያው ሥነ ጽሑፍ ገሃዱን ዓለም በቀጥታም ሆነ በተዘዋዋሪ የሚፈክር በመሆኑ ዘመናዊውን የስደት ባህርያት ነቅሶ ለማወቅ በዲያስፖራ ሥነ ጽሑፍ ላይ የሚደረጉ ጥናቶች በሰፊው መካሄድ አለባቸው። ሁለተኛው ደግሞ ተለዋዋጭ በሆነው ማኅበረሰባዊ እድገት ውስጥ ባህልንና ማንነትን መሠረት ባደረገ መልኩ የተለመደው የዲያስፖራ ብያኔ እንደገና ሊከለስ ይገባዋል።  
Mata-duree: Sirna Gadaafi Finnaa: Falaasama Xabboo Oromoo Wayyoomsa Diinagdee Keessatti
Get PDFXeerara: Qorannoon kun hariiroo Sirna Gadaafi finnaa (falaasama wayyoomsa diinagddee) ibsurratti xiyyeeffata. Yaada kana galmaan ga’uufis qorannoon kun mala qorannoo akkamtaafi mala iddatteessuu mit-carraa-hammargeefi iyyafannootti dhimma baheara. Af-gaafii, marii-gareefi sakattaan galmeewwanii ammoo meeshaalee funaansa raga qorannoo kanaa turan. Akka argannoo qorannoo kanaatti, yadrimeen finna ((economic) development) jedhu utubaalee Sirna Gadaa afran keessaa tokko. Falaasamni Sirna Gadaa wayyoomsa diinagdee biyyaa keessatti gahee guddaa qabaataa kan ture ta’us, lafa xiyyeeffannoo qorannoo osoo hin ta’in turee jira. Yaadrimeen “finna” jedhus iccitii haqummaa (equity) kan qabeenya eebba qabu, ifaajaan horatamefi dhaluu danda’u jechuu akka taa’e qorannoon kun adda baasee jira. Akkasumas, Sirni Gadaa akkuma siyaasa, hawaasummaafi amantiitti, finnaa (misooma diinagdee) fis umurii (age-set)fi gitaa (Gada Grade)n waan mijeessu qaba. Kun ammoo Sirna Gadaa keessatti dhaloota irraa hanga dumaa/boqotaatti maarsaan adeemsa wayyoomsa diinagdee maal akka ta’e waan agarsiisu qaba. Akka qorannoo kanaatti, finni bakka lamatti qoodama; finna dhuunfaafi finna biyyaa. Finni dhuunfaa, sanyii sadeen jedhama. Isaanis ilmoo/birmaduu, (2) sanyii midhaniifi biqiltuu, (3) beelladaafi mallaqaa. Gaafa akka qabeenya walootti (biyyaatti) lakka’aman ammoo bakka shanitti qoodamu. Isaanis: (1) fiina namaa (human/social capital), (2) finna horii (financial capital)-sanyii/biqilaa/ midhaaniifi maallaqaa (3) finna lafaa/lafee (natural capital) (biyya- maasii, lafa margaa, bosona uumamaafi bishaan (lafaa-hambaa dhaloota), (4) finna durii (folkloric/cultural capital)-qabeenyaa aadaa darbaa dabarsaan dhufe (5) finna baraa (modern capitals) kanneen akka konkolaataa, daakaa midhaanii, tiraaktara, kombaayinaraa, bu’aalee kalaqaafi teeknoolojiifi kkf. hammata. Kunis iccitii yayyaba shaman gadaa kan kessatti mul’atu kan akka diinagdeen biyyaa fooya’u gumaachaa turee fi kan yeroo amma dhiibbaa haalawwaa Addunyaa (globalization)tiin dagatamaafi miidhaamaa jiru ta’uu qorannoon kun ifatti ibsa. 
Rural Poverty and Inequality in Ethiopia: Does Access to Small-scale Irrigation Make a Difference?
Get PDFThe underlying causes of rural poverty are many in Ethiopia. However, thepersistent fluctuation in the amount and distribution of rainfall is considered as amajor contributing factor. Cognizant of this reality, the successive Ethiopiangovernments, NCOs and fanners have made considerable investments in smallscaleirrigation systems. Based on data obtained from a survey of 1,024 fa rmersdrawn f rom four major regional states of Ethiopia, this article analyzes theefficacy of these investments in reducing poverty. The Foster, Creer andThorbecke poverty indices were used to compare the incidence, depth and severityof poverty among groups of farmers defined by relevant policy variables includingaccess to irrigation. Logistic regression model was jilled to explore the correlatesof rural poverty. The main conclusion of the study is that poverty is affected moreby the intensity of irrigation use than mere access to irrigation and there seems tobe an economy of scale in the poverty-irrigation nexus
Assessment of Potential Environmental Impacts of Two Large Scale Irrigation Schemes in Ethiopia
Get PDFThis article presents the findings of a study undertaken to assess environmentalimpacts of two selected large scale irrigation schemes on natural resources inEthiopia. The study puts special emphasis on linkages and implications of the utilizedwater source, ground water hydrology and soil characteristics, on the sustainability ofthe selected schemes. In addition, potential interference of irrigation projects withwoodland ecosystems is highlighted. For this purpose primary soil and water data anddata from research reports f rom WonjilShoa Sugar Plantation and Finchaa Valley _Sugar Estate were collected and analysed using a "before-after" and "with orwithout" type of analysis. Rising of groundwater table, water logged within the rootzone of the cultivated sugar cane and elevated EC values within 1m of soil depthindicate the · risk of secondary salinization at WonjilShoa Sugar Plantation.Unfavourable EC, SAR and RNa values of the utilized irrigation source in combinationwith the CEC of soil and ongoing soil erosion processes suggests that irrigation mightlead to long-term infiltration problems and destruction of the soil structure at FinchaSugar Estate. The establishment of the scheme and migration tendencies increased thepressure on the eco-system of the valleys and led to clearing of wood and grass lands.To guarantee long-term sustainability, proper study and continuous research ofalready implemented and planned large spale irrigation projects is necessary, so thatthe positive roles of irrigation could be enhanced and timely mitigation measurestaken for the negative impacts
Social Exclusion and Conflict in Benishangul Gumuz: Impact on Economies and Livelihoods
Get PDFThe objective of this article is to elucidate the sequential effects of social exclusion-induced conflict and internal displacement in the Metekel Zone of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State. The study employed mixed methods with an exploratory sequential design. Qualitative tools were used initially, followed by quantitative data from 16 key informant interviews and 60 focus group discussions. Survey tools were then utilized for the quantitative method, employing probability sampling to select 359 households. Data from secondary sources were also relied upon. The study revealed that social exclusion has resulted in heightened conflict, displacement of people, loss of livelihoods including crops, land, livestock, houses, household materials, and human life. The scale and intensity of the conflict have escalated to violent levels, resulting in the destruction, and burning of 11,822 houses in the Metekel Zone, including 873 housing units belonging to the study participants, on average two housing units per household. The loss of housing units for survey responders amounted to ETB 29,261,704.63. Households lost agricultural produce worth ETB 45,910,369.82, agricultural tools worth ETB 406,535.55, household utensils, and livestock worth ETB 46,790,399.51. The average material loss combined for the study participants was ETB 122,369,009.50. In terms of household per capita income loss, the Metekel Zone lost $68,328,865.30 based on the 2020 number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). Above all, the conflict has claimed 979 human lives. The practice of social exclusion has intensified conflict, increased internal displacement, affected agricultural production and livestock, and led to the loss of human lives. Therefore, promoting social inclusion should be prioritized to foster a cohesive society through intra-household relationships, inter-group interactions and trust-building, and regaining trust in institutions in the Metekel Zone of Benishangul Gumuz Region
Local Community Assets to Promote Community Policing in Ethiopia: The Case of Gorf Aswogaj Community in Addis Ababa
No full textCommunity policing is a recent strategy in Ethiopia that calls for partnership with communities to address crime problems. Few studies in Ethiopia have examined how community assets can support and work in partnership with community policing. This study explored how community assets could be used to strengthen community policing services in the Gorf Aswogaj community in Addis Ababa. We employed a qualitative research method with a case study design. Thirteen participants (11 community members and 2 police officers) participated in interviews. The findings uncovered numerous social assets including community based associations, strong culture of mutual support, and deep rooted habits of attending community based social events. Further, the study revealed existing multiple sources of income such as remittance, small and petty businesses, and renting house, which can be used as economic back-up for community policing. The study also found existing public and private institutions that can be exploited to advance community policing services in the study area. The study concludes that a community strength perspective can be integrated with community policing programs in an effort to build more peaceful and harmonious community as suggested by Asset Based Community Development Model and Normative Sponsorship Theory.
 
Effects of Cooperative Learning on Grade Eleven Students’ Paragraph Contents: Fitche Preparatory School in Focus
Get PDFThe target of this research was to examine whether or not the effects of implementing cooperative learning (CL) on grade eleven students’ paragraph writing in contents. The quasi-experimental research design was employed and the sample was taken from two sections of eleventh grade. CL method was implemented in the experimental group after the students had been made aware of the method whereas, in the control group, the students were taught their lessons through the conventional method in which the elements and theoretical perspectives of the method were not implemented. Data were collected through tests. Dependent samples t-tests were employed to test whether or not there were significant intra-group differences in paragraph writing at 0.05 risk levels whereas independent samples t-tests were used to check if there were significant inter-group differences in paragraph writing at 0.05 alpha levels. The analyses of paragraph writing pre-tests of the inter-groups showed that both groups had similar backgrounds of contents in writing paragraphs at the initial stage of this research. Nevertheless, after the treatments had been given to the experimental research participants, the analyses of the data indicated that the experimental group outscored significantly (p<0.05) the control group on contents in paragraph writing post-test. This indicates that the implementation of the CL method based on social interdependence, motivational and cognitive perspectives, and the elements of the method, i.e. positive interdependence, face-to-face interaction, individual and group accountability, collaborative skills, and group processing brought about changes in the experimental group. Therefore, the major findings of this study reveal that the method enabled the participants in the experimental group to show improvements in content in paragraph writing skills
Effect of replacing wheat bran with urea molasses-treated groundnut hull on the performance of Gumuz Goats at Pawe Agricultural Research Center
Get PDFIn this experiment, urea molasses-treated groundnut hull (UMTGH) was evaluated as a replacement for wheat bran (WB) on the basis of nutrient utilization, body weight change, carcass characteristics, and economic feasibility of Gumuz goats fed on natural pasture hay (NPH) as a basal diet in Ethiopia. The study was conducted using 20 yearling intact male Gumuz goats with an initial body weight of 15.36 ±0.87 kg (mean ±SD). The feeding trial was conducted for 90 days, followed by a 10-day digestibility trial. The treatments were ad libitum feeding of NPH supplemented with 493 g UMTGH (T1), 360 g UMTGH + 76 g WB (T2), 240 g UMTGH + 152 g WB (T3), 120 g UMTGH + 228 g WB (T4), and 312 g WB (T5) on iso-nitrogen basis. Urea molasses treatment improved crude protein (CP) by 50% and reduced fibers by 20% of the ground nut hull. Crude protein (CP) intake and nutrient digestibility were significantly increased as the UMTGH increased. Body gain, hot carcass weight, and dressing percentage were the highest in T4. The economic feasibility test showed that T4 returned a higher net income (464.1ETB/goat) than the other treatments. It was concluded that 120 g UMTGH+228g WB (T4) could be used as supplement feed in the diets of Gumuz goats to reduce the cost of concentrate feed by partially replacing WB