Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Mapping Resource-related Inter-ethnic Conflicts in Metekel Zone of Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Get PDFThe Metekel zone in Ethiopia is marred by persistent interethnic conflicts, driven by a complex interplay of historical grievances, political issues, and socioeconomic challenges. This study examined the multifaceted dynamics of conflict in Metekel, focusing on the contextual backdrop, actors involved and their interests, and conflict dynamics. Data were collected using qualitative methods, including key informant interviews, expert interviews, and focus group discussions. In addition, secondary sources from the literature and those obtained from government offices in the study area were used. The study revealed that the conflict context in Metekel is characterized by recurring tensions among various ethnic groups, exacerbated by competition over natural resources, historical disputes, and political tensions. Actors in the conflict span local and regional entities, with their interests ranging from resource acquisition to power assertions and strategic positioning. Competing claims over land, cultural preservation, and political control seems to have drived conflict dynamics, aggravated by misinformation campaigns and historical grievances. Conflict dynamics in the area exhibit recurrence and escalation, marked by an increase in the frequency and intensity of violent confrontations. The study concludes that addressing the complex dynamics of the conflict in the zone requires a comprehensive approach that acknowledges historical contexts, fosters inclusive governance, and promotes equitable resource use. Genuine dialogue and targeted peace-building efforts are essential for achieving sustainable reconciliation and peace in the area
Spatial Heterogeneity of Nuptiality Patterns in Ethiopia: A Decomposition Analysis
Get PDFDifferent geographic contexts are observed to impact the nuptiality patterns depending on factors like socioeconomic level, educational achievement, religious affiliation, and cultural factors. This study examines the factors that account for regional variations in nuptiality patterns in Ethiopia. Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2000 and 2016 were used. The likelihood of individuals entering their first marriage differed significantly depending on the regional variability of nuptiality patterns. Culturally, marriage typically occurs early and is nearly universal; however, this study revealed that there is a deviation from universal marriage patterns in Addis Ababa. No significant change in age at first marriage was observed between the two cohorts in all regions except Addis Ababa. In the Southern, Nations, Nationalities, and People (SNNP) and Harari regions, no change in the timing of the first marriage between the women birth cohorts. In Dire Dawa, the entry to first marriage was reversed and women residing in the Gambela region showed the highest postponement. National population policy effectively contributed to delaying marriage in the Gambela region. The regional heterogeneity in policy outcomes underscores the importance of considering sub-national factors when designing and evaluating demographic policies. The educational attainment, wealth index, and migration were merely the coefficient effects that explain the overall difference. Addressing inequalities in education achievements and wealth distribution promotes more equitable marriage practices across all regions
Analysis of Dairy Farm Management Practices and Drivers of Technology Adoption: Insights from Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study is focused on analysing dairy technology adoption and associated factors among rural households in Basona Werana Woreda, North Shewa zone of Amhara Region. The study selected 252 households using multi-stage sampling technique. Both descriptive and econometric analyses were employed to analyse the data collected using structured interview. Multivariate Probit regression model was applied to examine the derivers of dairy technology adoption in the study area. The study showed mixed results in terms of households adopting the different components of dairy technology. Predominant portions of the sample households adopted one or more of the improved housing conditions, improved feed and regular vaccination by 84.86%, 54.76% and 79.28%, respectively. However, in terms of utilization of the technologies, a significant proportion of adopters practiced a low level of utilization in each of the cases. Contrary to the results above, only 44.84% and24.21% of the sample households adopted improved breeds and Artificial Insemination services, respectively. The multivariate probit regression results showed that livestock asset in TLU, awareness and training about dairy technology, education of the household head, dairy farm experience, and membership to farmers’ cooperatives had positive and significant effects on the adoption of dairy technologies while household size and dependency ratio have negative influence on the adoption of dairy technologies. The study sheds light on the need to develop farmers’ cooperatives, training and education as well as family planning tailored to the context of rural households in order to enhance dairy technology adoption in the study area
DEGREE OF PREPARATION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ADDIS ABEBA FOR THE ETHIOPIAN SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION AN EMPERICAL STUDY
No full textIt h"s been lIIany years since secondaryschools .,ith different streaas in theirprogr"1tIJ48s have been forlll8d. These strealllswere established in order to fa cilitatedifferent _anpover needs a tparaprofessional l e vel . In order to seo ifthe schools have kept these streU2S to arequired level, various achieve_nt testsare given . These tests are given asteacher-_ade tests, either as for.ative orsu_ative evaluation. This however is notenough to ascertain t he students'colllpletion of the secondary schoolprogrames. The Ethiopian School Leavingcertificate examination (ESLCE) istherefore given to serve this purpose Tho ESLCE as it has been used for manyyears is given to determine if thecandidates have successfully completed thesecondary school programe and to seewho thor or not they are able to proceed toa post-secondary one. Although theses trea.s s upposedly prepar e students forvarious car eers at different levels, theyall take ESLCE . But do they al l haveopportrmities to prepare themselvesadequately for this challenge? This paper ,with its 1illlited scope, attempts toinvestigate just that. To that end s uchvariables as tile eighth grade percentilerank of candida tes, period allocations ofsubjects Commonly offered in secondaryschools and qual ifications of teachers oftheses Subject s were used. Finally,a ppropriate statistics was employed Foranalysis
Effect of Accommodation in Acadlemic Achievement: The Case of Addis Ababa Commer,cial College Students Who Come from Regions
No full textThis study identffied some of the problems faced by Addis AbabaCommercial College students who came from regions. It also compared theacademic performance of students from Addis Ababa and from regions. Inaddition, ljIe academic performance of students from regions was comparedby gender. The study also looked at how the College officials perceived thestudents' problems and what they did to help the students to overcome theirproblems. The study concentrated on freshman entrants of the 199&'99academic year. Qualitative (focused-group discussions, interviews andobservation) and quantitative (Means and ANOVA's were run) data wereused. The problems of the students as identil7ed in this study were financialwhich included inadequate meals, poor housing conditions, problems ofelectric light and utensils in the house, shortage of stationery and sanitarymaterials: personal which included lack of self-confidence, homesickness,feelings of loneliness, and adjustment problems; and also academic wherethe above stated problems hindered them .from working hard to achievegood grades. Comparison of the academic performance of students fromAddis Ababa and from regions proved sta~isticalfy ' significant differencewhere those from Addis Ababa performed better. In contrast to this, thecomparison by gender among those from regions did not show anystatistically significant difference. The Colleg·e officials also recognized thevarious problems the students experienced - mainly those which werecaused by lack of accommodation facility. They therefore tried to help theneedy, to supervise the students' lounge so that it provided what thestudents could afford to check whether the supplies shop suppliedstationery with minim~1 cost, and to infonn the higher body about theintensity of the students' problems. Finally, this study made somerecommendations on how to improve the students' living condition
"Teahers' Estimation of Test Items Difficulty as an Indicator of their Prior Knowledge of Academic Performance"
No full textinorder to reduce the number of students that fail in Rxamination and to impruve classrooms instruction this study has attempted to find out how far teachers could estimate their students academic performances and by what factors such prediction is influenced
An Investigation in to the pracices and processes of curriculem planning and Development for General Education in Ethiopia since in 1974
No full textThe purpuse of schoolig is to educate learners in such a way that they will be able to contribute to the walfare and strength of society
Communication Experiences of Pre- lingual Deaf Students in the Special Classes
No full textThis study attempted to explore, describe and explain thecommunication experiences of pre-lingual deaf students in Adama PrimarySchool, Special Classes for Hearing Impaired, Qualitative study design wasused to investigate and explore the communicat;\'e interactions, from foursampled deaf students' perspectives and their two teachers, in a naturalcontext. The empirical data is based mainly on interviews with theparticipants. Participant observation, informal talks and foclls groupdiscussions were used as supplement and complement to the interviewmethod. The findings of this study show that the deaf students had no earlyintervention due to lack of provisions and supports for their parents,teachers and the deaf students themselves. They had no appropriatenatural early language exposure. Hence, these deaf students communicatepoorly and are seriously deprived In tnelr verbal language communication.As a result of their poor verbal communication, their linguistic, cognitive,emotional and social development may be deprived and they may notobtain the same quality of life in comparison with their hearing peers
AN ANALYSIS OF AGE-SEX DATA OF ETHIOPIA IN THE PRE-1984 PERIOD
Get PDFThe main trust of this study was the application of internal consistency checks tovarious sets of Ethiopian (rural) age data collected priorto 1984 /0 assess their reliability and accuracy. and to check improvement in thequality of age-sex statistics owr the period 1967·1981. Analysis of the age andsex ratios of the 1967, 1970 and 1981 survey data revealed marked irregularities(more marked among females than for males) suggtsting. among other things,the incidence of age preference (heaping) and agr mis-reporting. Modele stablepopulation techniques were also used to examine the pattern and exetent oferron in the reported age-sex data from these various .surveys attendant errorsare similar to those in other African countries and are consistent over the yearsexcept the 1981 age distribution which is unique after age 25. The findings 0fthis study also indicate thaI the quality of age reporting has improved Over theyears(/967- /981)