Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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War-induced Challenges and Coping Strategies of Displaced Students in the Primary Schools of Addis Ababa
Get PDFThis study aimed at investigating the war-induced challenges and coping strategies of displaced students in the primary schools of Addis Ababa. It was qualitative in its design and an in-depth interview was employed to collect data from 23 purposively selected grade 5 to 8 students (war-displaced) attending in six purposively chosen primary schools. The findings revealed that nearly half of these students neither faced significant psychosocial, economic, and educational challenges nor exhibited severe reactions nor employed extreme coping strategies. Although many factors contributed for this situation, the most important of all is the school meal and materials support program of the City Government of Addis Ababa. Fear of loss of a relative and/or property, language and economic problems, and loss of parental care were the major challenges. Telephone communications, family support and friendships with other displaced students, working in the informal sector, and seekingschool community cooperation were the coping strategies deployed for the four challenges, respectively. It was concluded that not all displaced students face severe challenges, but when they do, they employ different copying mechanisms. Addressing language and economic problems in the short run and dealing with displacing factors and safety issues, as well as planning for federal and regional school meal and materials support programs in the long run, are recommended as the ways forward
Antibacterial Properties of Traditional Medicinal Flora From The Benishangul-Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Get PDFIn Ethiopia, the utilization of medicinal plants for the treatment of different illnesses has been common, although their effectiveness and doses are not unknown. Aralia elata, Coffee arabica, Croton macrostachyus, and Ficus sycomorus are some of the common cultural medicinal plants in the Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia. Leaves of these plants were extracted using solvents such as methanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether. The inhibition effect of the crud extracts was tested against pathogenic bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25926, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Shigella boydii ATCC 12022, Salmonella typhi ATCC 10535 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 248 using disc diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the crud extracts was determined by the microplate dilution method. The highest biological yield was 2.32% from the chloroform extract of Ficus sycomorus. The maximum inhibition zone for petroleum ether extracts was 15 mm against E. coli from Ficus sycomorus at a concentration of 100 mg/mL. 18 mm in diameter of Staphylococcus aurous growth was inhibited at 100 mg/ml of chloroform extract of Croton macrostachyus. Methanol extract from the plants inhibited the growth of the five pathogens with an inhibition range of 12 mm to 21 mm in diameter. The lowest inhibitory concentration was 12.5 mg/mL by the methanol and chloroform extract of the plant’s leaves against the pathogens. In general, the methanolic-based crude extract of the plants was the most effective and efficient in ranges of inhibition
Assessment of On-Farma Reproductive Performance and Sheep Breeding Practice: A case of Dubulk District of Borana Zone
Get PDFThis study aimed to assess on-farm reproductive performance, sheep breeding practices, and breeding objectives in the Dubulk district. In the current study, 150 households were selected and included in the survey. A total of 450 sample sheep were monitored for three months to collect quantitative data per 15-day interval. The data was gathered through structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, field observations, quantitative data collecting, and assessment of secondary data sources. The Body weight, body measurements, and qualitative records were taken and observed from each sheep. Within each sex group, the main effects of breed and dentition were fitted to the model for quantitative data analysis. In the Dubulk district, breeding was mostly uncontrolled mating without record keeping. The sheep population in the study area were plain, patchy, pied, body white, and blackhead. Accordingly, in Karsa damb, Lafto, and Dubulk center Kebele, male and female sheep were dominant coat colors of body white and black head, with proportions of 87.5 %, 80 %, 74.3 %, and 66.96 %, 73.04 %, and 66.1 %, respectively. Body weight was significantly affected (p<0.05) by the Sex and age of the sheep. In general, body weight and body measurements were higher for males than females and also increased as the age increased from the pairs of permanent incisors (0PPI) to the oldest age group (>2PPI). Feed shortage, frequent drought, and disease were the most important sheep production constraints. It was concluded that pastoral indigenous knowledge of the sheep breeding system needs to integrate the trait preference of pastoralists. Furthermore, lamb mortality and disease prevalence were among the most important constraints limiting the productivity of sheep breeding
Justice Conceptions in Tigrigna Proverbs: conceptual structure of justice, critical discourse, justice, proverbs, Tigrigna
No full textThis paper aims to examine justice conceptions in Tigrigna proverbs. Through the conceptual structure of justice and critical discourse analysis, the embedded and overt aspects of justice are investigated. To contextually identify the meanings of the proverbs, four purposively selected key informants were involved. Accordingly, the proverbs showed the importance of due time witness, faithful and credible evidence. Likewise, judges are noted as crucial to ensure justice. Yet, some proverbs notify the possibility of judicial errors or misuse of judicial power, and the need for further appeal. Furthermore, the proverbs indicate the need for a community of justice to be sensible and justly pursue their cases. Yet, standing to sue is taken as negative. Additionally, empathy, peace, shared responsibility to prevent oppression and ensure justice, the safety of the neighborhood, giving
parents immunity from accusation, and standing against those who try to override justice are salient concerns, instructions, and forewarnings to maintain justice. 
EVALUATION AND ADJUSTMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE LEAKAGE INDEX FOR TOWNS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Get PDFEvaluating water loss and the performance of urban water supply utilities is critical. The objective of this research was to evaluate the applicability of the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) formula for towns of developing countries and suggest adjustment factors.Basic water supply data from nine towns of Ethiopia was used to calculate ILI and develop modification factors. Water supply development level factor was determined based on the actual water production and optimal consumption if there was sufficient supply. Asset management factor was developed considering the categorization of Ethiopian towns which was related to expected water supply level based on development level. The study showed the Unavoidable Annual Real Loss (UARL) formula gave similar values for any type of water supply system whether developed or not. Except for Addis Ababa, the calculated ILIs utilizing the standard formula were less than four indicating unrealistic very good performance. Applying the adjustment factors, realistic ILI values were obtained reflecting the realistic performance of water utilities in developing countries, requiring timely appropriate water loss reduction measures
Instructional Practices versus Application of Active Learning Methods and Instructional Technology in Hawassa College of Teacher Education
No full textEducation is a tool for bringing about some kind of social, economic, political, and technological changes. The attention given to the effective delivery of education today is more impressive than ever before. As much as education contributes for the advancement of technology, technology also plays a decisive role for the improvement of educational practices by changing the mode of delivery of instructions and changing the roles of teachers and students. As a result, this research was conducted on active learning and integration of educational technology in the instructional practices of Hawassa College of Teacher Education. The main objective of the research was to explore the extent to which the educational practices of Hawassa College of Teacher Education comply with modern educational practices, perspectives and technologies. For this purpose, both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were employed. Students, instructors, the vice dean (Educational Material Supply, Dissemination, and Technology Integration Core Processor(EMSDTICP)) of the college, Information Technology (IT) coordinator, and GEQIP and IQPEP linkage coordinator of the college and SNNPRS Education Bureau TDP coordinator provided the data for research. The techniques for data collection included classroom teaching-learning process observation, questionnaire and interview. The findings indicated that the system and actual practices of the College predominantly remain traditional. The teaching-learning system was rarely supported by modern educational technologies; and the roles of teachers and students showed the prevalence of the traditional instructional practices (teacher-centered instruction)
Primary and Alternative Basic Education among the Karayu pastoral community of East Shoa Zone: Relevance, Practice and Challenges
No full textThe purpose of this study is to assess the challenges, practice and relevance of the school calendar and traditional full-time formal primary and ABE curriculum to the Karayu pastoral livelihood. The study used an exploratory sequential design of the mixed methods research approach, collecting data from 212 participants in the Fantale district, using key informant interviews, focus group discussions, questionnaires, and observation. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis technique. The result generally revealed that the enrollment rate both in ABEs and primary schools of Karayu pastoral community is low; gender equity is far from being achieved as more males were enrolled compared to females; the gender parity index for GER and NER is less than 1.0, and is also less than the regional average of 0.86; gender gap for GER and NER is positive both in ABEs and primary schools; there is a high proportion of repeaters and dropouts both in primary schools and ABE centers, where the rates are higher for males than for females; the average promotion rate in primary schools is less than the regional average of 82.2%, where this rate is higher for females than for males. The finding also indicated that the existing traditional and full-time face-to-face contact school-based curriculum of both the ABE centers and primary schools as well as the school calendar are not compatible with the real-life experiences, nature of mobility, and cultural norms of the Karayu pastoral community. The Karayu community faces a significant shortage of standard curriculum materials, facilities, and teaching force, compromising education quality and efficiency. To address this, there is a need for culturally sensitive, pedagogically sound, and ecologically feasible education and flexible policies
Causes of Student Attrition In Bahlr Dar University: Qua litative and Quantitative Analyses
No full textThe study investigated major causes of student attrition m Bahlf DarUniversity. Longitudinal design was used to look into the trend of attrition rate overtwo years. The subjeds of the study were all freshman students admitted to theFaculty of Education of the university in the 1997198 academic year. The totalnumber of students admitted to the fawlty in that academic year was 414 (333males and 81 females). All students were involved in the study. In addition to thefreshman students, all second year students (156) were included to supplement thedata obtained from freshman students. Questionna/fes were used to gatherinformation about those factors that account for stufients· discontinuation of theireducation. Documents were also assessed to obtain academic performances andattrition rates of students over the two years. For analysis, both quantitative andqualitative techniques were employed. Results portrayed that the rates of attritionwere high in the first year of university education and declined considerably thereafter. It was indicated that the overall rate of attntlon of boys was 0.342 and offemales was 0.568. The incidence of female students · attrition rate was almosttwice that of their male counterparts. Qualirative data revealed that the majorcauses of attrition were anxiety, homesickness. health problems, social andenvironmental adjustment problems, inaccurate perception of one's competence.lack of information about college lite and how to study, falling in love. lack ofappropriate study skills, scarcity of reference malerlals to study, overcrowdeddormitories and library, curriculum incompatibilities of high school and tertiary level,distorted information provided to freshman students by seniors, and gradmgproblems of teachers. On the other hand, quantitative data showed that the onlypredictor variable for survwal was GPA. However, GPA itself was affected bygender, self-efficacy. and level of anxiety. Male students had higher mean GPAsthan female students. It was also found out that anxiety was caused by feelmg ofinadequacy, which was negatively yet strongly affected by self-efficacy, and gender.where male students were more anxious than female students. Finally suggestionsthat may help alleviate the problem were forwarde