Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Introduction
No full textEthiopia presents one of the most fascinating and complex language education and language-in-education situations in Africa with its bold attempt to implement close to 48 languages in formal education at various levels and formats. While some of the major languages, such as Amharic and Afan Oromo are used from early years to postgraduate education, others, such as Aari, are only recently introduced into formal education and are taught as a subject only in primary education. Some of these languages have been written languages for many years and pride of extensive literary resources, while others have only recently been converted into written form and introduced into formal education, resulting in scarce written resources. The language issue in early years' education has direct implications for the quality of education. However, it has not been adequately investigated in a way that addresses the multifaceted and interdisciplinary nature of the topic. Interdisciplinary research and a closer examination of how these complex factors related to literacy and language education impact the quality of early years' education in Ethiopia are scarce. This special issue of the Journal of Ethiopian Studies presents original research and findings on the context of selected Ethiopian languages and their implementation in early literacy and education, including Sidaamu Afoo, Gofa, Koorete, Af Somali, Amharic, and Ethiopian Sign Language (EthSL)
Comparative nutrient removal efficiency of three Cyperus species in vertical flow type of constructed wetlands, Sebeta, Ethiopia
Get PDFRiver water pollution is increasingly widespread in and around Addis Ababa and can lead to problems with users if not properly treated. Constructed wetlands are a promising solution and are being used by several countries. In this study three Cyperus species (Cyperus alternifolius, Cyperus papyrus and Cyperus usitatus) and substrate only were investigated for their removal efficiencies of TSS, BOD, NH4-N, NO3-N, TP and total coliforms (TC) from polluted river water in a free vertical surface flow (VSSF) wetland system. The maximum NO3-N, BOD, TSS, NH4-N and TP removal efficiency by C. cyperus were 95.5%, 78.5%, 76.1%, 68.2% and 66%, respectively. C. alternifolius was superior in removal efficiency compared with other treatments but C. papyrus was the highest in TC removal (92.2%). Treatment with substrate only has the lowest removal efficiency. No significant differences were observed in the removal efficiency of Cyperus species and substrate only among 3, 5 and 7 days of hydraulic retention time. Apart from nutrient removal, constructed wetland cells purified and improved the colour of the wastewater which is an added advantage to change the appearance of polluted rivers. C. alternifolius and C. papyrus have a higher nutrients, TSS and BOD removal efficiencies and can be considered from a treatment perspective in constructed wetland. Further research is required to select multipurpose wetland plants with high wastewater removal efficiency, and potential as livestock feed which was not determined in this experiment
Health and welfare problems of donkeys in North and South Wollo Zones, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
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In Ethiopia there is huge population of donkeys with prominent roles in the rural community. Donkeys play a vital role in the North and South Wollo Zones of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. However, limited studies were found on the welfare, health and management-related problems of donkeys. This study was conducted to assess the health and welfare problems of donkeys in selected districts of Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia. Direct observation and indirect questionnaire assessment methods were used to collect welfare data. A total of 159 working donkeys were examined directly in their homestead, grain mill centers and market of loading and unloading centers. A questionnaire survey (n =780) was conducted on purposively selected donkey owners to assess the attitudes and management practices in relation to welfare and health-related data. The majority of the respondents (93%) in the study area had no knowledge or information on donkey health and welfare issues. Donkey owners (46%) didn’t have a separate house for donkeys. Strangles, colic, pneumonia, wound, anthrax and equine sarcoid are important donkey diseases respectively. Heat stroke, disease, feed shortage; improper harnessing, overloading and overworking are important welfare problems of donkeys. Disease (28.5%), overloading (28.4%) and poor harnessing (25.2%) were important causes of wounds. The prevalence of wounds was significantly associated with flour cooling practice (χ2 = 17.1; P=0.001) where donkeys loaded without flour cooling had a greater prevalence of wound. Despite their benefits, most owners had incorrect attitudes towards their donkeys. In conclusion working donkeys in the study area were experiencing a multifactorial health and welfare problems. Awareness creation about the better management practices of pack donkeys to owners through mass education, training and extension service should be promoted
Review on disease resistance genes in chicken: Implications for genetic improvement
Get PDFDiseases pose significant challenges to the chicken industry, which commonly employs preventive measures to combat them. However, recently, molecular breeding for disease resistance has presented an opportunity for sustainable chicken production. Disease resistance in chickens is a complex trait influenced by genetic factors, host-pathogen interactions, and environmental stressors. Poultry has shown genetic resistance to various pathogens, necessitating an understanding of the genetic basis of disease resistance in chickens. Recent molecular biology and genotyping technologies have facilitated the identification of disease-resistance genes and the development of marker-assisted and genomic selection strategies. This review synthesized the genes and gene regions that code for disease resistance explored so far in chickens and their potential applications in breeding programs to enhance the disease resistance of chickens. Promising candidate genes for disease resistance include myeloid leukaemia factor 2, Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Proteins-1, interferon regulatory factor 1, myxovirus resistance 1, transferrin, and MHC class II antigen B-F minor heavy chain. These genetic markers can be incorporated into breeding programs to enhance disease resistance and overall productivity in chickens. However, it presents challenges in collecting sufficient genomic and phenotypic data from small populations of indigenous chicken ecotypes in developing countries
Revisiting the Internal Structure of Konsoid Subgroup
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Earlier studies on the internal structure of the Konsoid subgroup have made three different suggestions. The first suggestion is that the Konsoid subgroup consists of Konso, Diraytata and Mosittacha languages. The second suggestion is that the Konsoid subgroup consists of a single linguistic cline in the process of splitting into distinct languages. The third suggestion is that Konsoid subgroup consists of two independent languages: Konso, and Diraytata and Mosittacha. The question of the internal structure of the Konsoid subgroup is not adequately answered. The present study is, therefore, meant to address this question by making a lexicostatistical, morphological, and syntactic contrast of the three members of the Konsoid group. The data for this study was obtained from native speakers through elicitation. The findings of the study show that Konsoid subgroup is divided up into Konso and Diraytoid. Diraytoid is a linguistic cline in the process of splitting into Diraytata and Mosittacha.
Keywords: [Diraytoid, Konsoid, Lexicostatistical contrast, Morphological contrast, Syntactic contrast
Defects on Children’s Amharic Story-Books in Ethiopia: A Critical Evaluation
No full textConducting research on the qualities of children’s literature on a continuousbasis can serve as supportive reading materials for children’s literacydevelopment in the country. But, unfortunately, there is no research work onthis critical issue in Ethiopia. Therefore, the productive competence of thebooks for the development of knowledge and language acquisition skills inchildren still remains little known among policymakers, implementers,scholars, and those concerned. The main purpose of this study is thus toexplicate the productiveness of children’s storybooks written in Amharic inthe last four decades using the major literary criteria in reflection on thefundamental concept of “children’s realities,” including ‘age-stage, proposedby scholars from different but most closely related fields of study in the socialsciences and humanities. Data are collected based on critical reviews done on28 randomly selected children’s story/folklore books
Assessing the Implementation of Environmental and Sustainability Education:The Case of Robe College of Teacher Education
No full textThis study aimed at assessing the implementation of environmental and sustainability education by Robe College of Teacher Education staff in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. The study sought to assess (1) staff perception towards environmental and sustainability education; (2) teaching strategies used by teachers while implementing environmental and sustainability education (3) environmental issues addressed during environmental and sustainability education; and, (4) factors hindering the implementation of environmental and sustainability education. A mixed research methods were employed to collect data for the study. Household survey, key informant interview and personal observation were the sources of data. Five management committee members, thirty teachers selected from all the departments, and five work team leaders were included in the sample. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation) was employed for data analysis using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 20. Result revealed that although the staff had positive perception towards environmental issues, and there were some effort to create awareness; respondents’ understanding was found to be low, and practices of environmental measures had great variations. The interview and observation results were consistent with the quantitative findings. In short, the result implies that the staff need to be better familiarized with the notion of environment and sustainability; the teacher education curriculum needs to be revisited. Besides, there should be an effective law enforcement mechanism for effective implementation of environmental activities
The Interplay Between Power and Trust in Stimulating Voluntary Deference: Testing the “Slippery Slope Framework” of Tax Compliance among Taxpayers in Addis Ababa City Administration, Ethiopia
No full textThis study examined the interplay between trust in and the power of the tax authority in shaping voluntary tax compliance. The study tested the “slippery slope framework” of tax compliance with survey data collected from taxpayers in Addis Ababa city administration. We hypothesized that the effect of cognition-based trust on voluntary tax compliance is moderated by thelegitimate power of the tax authority. We further conjectured that coercive power encourages enforced tax compliance while cognition-based trust predicts voluntary tax compliance. The respondents of the study were selected based on convenient sampling, i.e., distributing the questionnaire to each of the three categories of taxpayers who visited the nine offices of theAddis Ababa City Administration Tax Authority as well as their commercial premises. The sample size of the study was 384. To test our theories, we used hierarchical regression and PROCESS MACRO analysis. As evidenced by our findings, the hypotheses were supported: coercive power significantly predicted enforced tax compliance, cognition-based trust (as opposed to affect-based trust) significantly predicted voluntary tax compliance, and, more importantly, legitimate power moderated the effect of cognition-based trust on voluntary tax compliance. The results fully support the proposition of the “slippery slope framework”replicating the empirical work testing the framework in the Western nations. We admit that some inherent limitations of a survey study may limit the generalizability of our findings to other settings
Water Rights and the Processes of Negotiation among Irrigators in West Shewa Zone: The Case of Indris Irrigation Scheme in Toke Kutaye District
Get PDFThis paper scrutinizes water rights and the processes of negotiation amongirrigators diverting water from lndris Scheme. The scheme marked three phases inits historical development. Multiple water use rights refle cting the theoreticalorientation of legaL pluralism have co-existed governing the behaviors of users.Conflicts have been attributed to institutional malfunctioning, weak observance onwater right rules and increasing statistics of users. Negotiations have beeninitiated to settle conflicts. The formulation of water guidelines stipulating specificirrigation water use entitlements, awareness building, promotion of neg(Jtiatedapproaches, and enforcement of customary rules constituted the dimensions thatseek meticulous consideration in prospect
Exploring Youth Development in Ethiopia: An Alternative Strength-Based Perspective
Get PDFEthiopia is a Country where young people accouny for the larger proportioncompared to 'those in the olher cohorts. Enhancing the capacity of the youthwould, therefore, email nurturing for this /nation The approach followed inthis nurturing process is obviollsly as importnat as Ihe act of nurturillg itself.Traditionaly , youth have been seen as problems to be managed.