Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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The Role of Social Capital in Adaptation to Climate Change Shocks: Ethiopia’s Experience
Get PDFEthiopia, like many sub-Saharan African countries, frequently experiences climate change-induced shocks, particularly droughts and floods. These events severely impact the well-being of people, especially in rural communities. While the country struggles to recover from these shocks, studies consistently highlight the importance of access to critical resources in building climate resilience and strengthening adaptive capacity. This study focuses on social capital, an often overlooked yet crucial resource, and its role in mitigating the effects of climate change shocks and facilitating adaptation in Ethiopia. Utilizing a probit regression model based on data from 4951 households in the 2015/16 Ethiopian Socioeconomic Survey, the study found that households with greater social capital (measured by iddir membership, borrowing, and transfers) are less likely to be affected by drought shocks. Furthermore, stronger social capital is associated with reduced vulnerability to climate shocks and increased adaptive capacity. These findings suggest that social capital can serve as an alternative approach to supporting climate change responses in Ethiopia, especially where access to formal insurance schemes is limited. However, further research is needed to explore the specific mechanisms through which social capital fosters resilience and adaptation
The Effect of Migration on Child Labor in Rural Areas of Raya Kobo and Angot Districts, Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study delves into the effects of migration on child labor within rural kebeles of Angot and Raya Kobo Districts, North Wello, Ethiopia. Data was collected from 431 households randomly chosen across four kebeles. Data analysis Both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the working-age migration reciprocally impacted child labor in the migrant households in the study area. Moreover, the migration of working-age family members exposes children within migrant families to extensive hours of labor. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis underscores that children residing in households with migrant family members exhibited a higher likelihood of engagement in family labor and dedicated increased weekly hours to work compared to their counterparts in non-migrant families. Some of the factors that expose children of households with migrant families are poor financial rewards of education and the expansion of other business activities that drain the financial benefits of migration instead of child education. This study emphasizes the importance of supporting legal migration routes to save migrants from participating in illegal migration routes. It also suggests increasing public awareness of the detrimental impacts of child labor. It places a strong emphasis on enabling rural families to use their migration earnings to fund their kids' education and well-being. A comprehensive strategy for sustainable development in rural parts of the study areas is necessary to address the issue of migration-induced child labor
Comparative assessment of air quality in Epe, and Olusosun dumpsites of Nigeria
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A comparative assessment of air quality in Epe and Olusosun dumpsites was carried out with a view to understanding if the historical background of dumpsites had an influence on their perceived impacts on the environment as well as their emission concentrates. Primary data was collected through questionnaire administration and the use of portable emission monitoring instruments. A total of 120 copies of self-designed interview questions were administered for the study but 116 were retrieved from both dumpsites and considered valid for the analysis. On the other hand, data collection with a portable air quality monitor was carried out during the month of October 2022. Sampling was done between 10 am and 1 pm. A 60-minute exposure time was observed with each of the instruments (AEROQUAL 500 Series) to measure Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Oxides of nitrogen (NOx), Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO) and sizes of suspended particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10.0) were measured using handheld particulate matter monitoring equipment (AEROCET 531S by Met One Instruments). Within this time belt, the readings were taken three (3) times and averaged to get a value for the time belt using descriptive statistics. The result indicated high concentrations of CO2, CH4 and PM during the early hours of the day and gradually decreased as the day went by at both dumpsites. The concentration of SO2 was higher at Olusosun dumpsite on day 5 when temperature and relative humidity were high from 12 noon. NOx was detected at both dumpsites at a minimal concentration. In conclusion, higher concentration levels recorded in all analysed gas samples collected from the Olusosun upland dumpsite suggested that the only historical component that could have influenced the dumpsite was “the age of dumpsite” since it is way older than the Epe wetland dumpsite. The topographical nature of the dumpsites (upland and wetland) appears not to have an impact on the air quality values measured. The perception of residents in both dumpsites showed that they were concerned about living and carrying out daily operations in and around the dumpsites
Metaphorical Conceptualization of Love in Anywaa
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Traditional approach views metaphor as pleasant use of language by a talented person like a poet, singer or novelist. However, hereafter Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) disproved this assumption with the discovery that metaphor is pervasive and mainly cognitive with the language being its surface manifestation (Kövecses, 2010). So far, emotional metaphors used among the Anywaa have not been described based on CMT. The present study aims to describe love metaphors of Anywaa based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) . To collect the data, this study used native intuition, elicitation, recording and listening to daily conversations in Ilea village. The approaches employed to discover love metaphors of Anywaa were Steen's five steps and Source-Domain Oriented Approach ( Steen, 2002a and Steen, 2002b). In Anywaa, metaphors like bùùl ābáájì 'You missed the best drum dance'and wàànà āpʌ́t tʃɔ́ɔ́jɔ̀ 'We are spoons of fatty stew of giraffe' are some of the linguistic metaphors used to express love in terms of DRUM (DANCE) and BONDED SPOONS. In Anywaa, emotion degree is marked by using tonal variations, the use of diminutive ɲɪ̄ 'child of ', breathy and plain vowels,vowel extension and degree adverbs. Because the study discusses only love metaphors in Anywaa, further study on other emotional and non-emotional metaphors of Anywaa is needed to capture the cognitive aspects of Anywaa in detail.
Keywords: [Anywaa, domain,conceptual metaphor, emotion, love]
 
“ቆፀኒያምእንደቆጸሚያ?”፡- ሀገር በቀል የግጭት አፈታት ትውፊት
No full textሀገርበቀልየግጭትአፈታትጥበብናብልሃትካላቸውማኅበረሰቦችመካከልአንዱበደቡብምእራብኢትዮጵያየሚገኘውየጻራማኅበረሰብነው።ይህማኅበረሰብየራሱየግጭትአፈታትሥርዓት፣
ደንብ፣ጥበብናብልሃትያለውቢሆንም፣እስካሁንበጉዳዩላይየተደረገጥናትመኖሩንየሚያሳይማስረጃግንአላገኘሁም።ለዚህምነውይህንጥናትለማካሄድየተነሳሁት።
የዚህጥናትዓላማየጻራማኅበረሰብምንዓይነትትውፊታዊየግጭትአፈታትሥርዓት፣ደንብ፣ጥበብናብልሃትእንዳለውበትንተናማሳየትነው።በአንድማህበረሰብየፍትሕሥርዓትላይየሚካሄድእንዲህ
ዓይነቱጥናትከሌሎችተመሳሳይጥናቶችለተገኙግኝቶችተጨማሪማረጋገጫስለሚሆንተመሳሳይጥናትእንዲካሄድ፤በግኝቶቹናበጭብጦቹምላይውይይትእንዲካሄድያበረታታል።
የጥናቱየመረጃመሰብሰቢያዘዴዎችቃለመጠይቅ፣ምልከታ፣የቡድንውይይትናቸው።ከመስክየተገኙትመረጃዎችከፎክሎርእይታአንጻርባህላዊዐውድንመሠረትበማድረግበገለጻናበትንተናስልትቀርበዋል።
በጻራማኅበረሰብዘንድከሚታዩየግጭትዓይነቶችአንዱከባድግጭትየሚባለውሲሆን፣በተለይነፍስማጥፋትንየሚመለከትሲሆንከብቶችን(ቆፀሚያ)እናልጃገረድ(ቆፀኒያ) እንደካሳበመስጠትዕርቅየሚወርድበትነው።ቀላልግጭትየሚባለውደግሞእንደደንብመተላለፍያሉድርጊቶችሲሆኑ፣ገንዘብበመስጠትናወይምበሌላቀላልካሳዕርቅየሚወርድበትነው።
በመጨረሻአጥኚዋእንደጻራማህበረሰብያሉትውፊታዊየእርቅልማዶችከዘመናዊውየፍትሕሥርዓትጋርጎንለጎንቢጠኑየሚልይሁንታአቅርባለች። ከዚህበተጨማሪምእንዲህዓይነቶቹጥናቶች
የኅብረተሰብተሃድሶንለማምጣትየፖሊሲግብዓትሊሆኑየሚችሉበትዕድልሊኖርስለሚችልመንግሥትናሌሎችጉዳዩበቀጥታምይሁንበተዘዋዋሪየሚመለከታቸውአካላትትኩረትቢሰጡትትላለች
በግዕዝ መጻሕፍት ውስጥ የሚገኙ ሰዋስዋዊ ግድፈቶችና ትርጓሜው የተጠቀመባቸው ሥነ ጽሑፋዊ የማቅኛ ሥልቶች
No full textየዚህ ጥናት ዋና ቁም ነገር በአንድምታ መጻሕፍት ውስጥ የሚገኙ የግዕዝ አገባባዊ ስሕተቶችን(ከዘመኑ የቋንቋ አጠቃቀም አንፃር) እንዴት ማቅናት እንደተቻለ ማሳየት ሲሆን ጥናቱምዐይነታዊ ምርምርን የሚከተል ሆኖ የገለፃ ስልትን የሚጠቀም ነው፡፡ በመረጃ ባለቤትነትምየኢትዮጵያውያን የአንድምታ መጻሕፍትን እንዲሁም የሊቃውንትን ሐሳብ በመጠይቅ ስልትበመረጃ ቋትነት አካትቷል፡፡ አማርኛውም ‘‘ግድፈት’’ ለተሰኘው ሥርዓተ ልሳን ከግዕዙ አገባብጎን ለጎን ትንታኔ በመስጠት አስተዋጽኦ እንዳበረከተ ጥናቱ አመላክቷል፡፡ በጥናቱ ውስጥምእነዚህ አንድምታዎች በቋንቋ ዕይታ ሲቃኙ ያላቸውን የሥነ ጽሑፍ እድገትና ሚና በጥልቀትለማሳየት ተሞክሯል፡፡ በተጨማሪም እነዚህ የአንድምታ ጽሑፎች እስከ ማብራሪያቸው ድረስሀገር በቀል መሆናቸውንና በየትኛው ዘመን ጎልተው ለጽሑፍ ሀብትነት እንደቀረቡ ጥናቱጠቁሟል፡፡ በመጨረሻም ለማስረጃ የተመረጡ ማሳያዎችን ከመጻሕፍቱ በመልቀምና በመተንተንየሚያስረዳ ሲሆን ይህ ፈርጀ ብዙ የሆነውና ያልተጠናው የአንድምታ ሀብትም የበለጠ ምርምርናጥበቃ እንደሚያስፈልገው በመጠቆም ሐሳቡን ይደመድማል፡
Assessing Urban Neighbourhood Resilience to Covid 19 Pandemic in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
No full textThe sudden incidence of COVID-19 at Wuhan in China in December 2019 with its significant death globally and other negative socio-economic impacts has awakened the need to make human settlements resilient to unforeseen tragedy. Nigeria and Jos the capital of Plateau State have had negative experiences with the incidence of covid 19. Considering this, the study aims at assessing the resilience of urban neighbourhoods in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State to COVID-19 pandemic. The study objective is to examine the pattern and characteristics of some selected neighborhoods within Jos the study area. In addition to examining the characterisation of infrastructural facilities and to evaluate the environmental challenges that impede adherence to non-pharmaceutical protocols to COVID-19. Two neighbourhoods, Angwan Rukuba and Fudawa were selected to represent the entire Jos North Local Government Area. Relevant literature related to the study was reviewed. The study adopted a direct observation method of the physical characteristics of the neighborhoods and a simple sampling technique of survey where a structured questionnaire was administered to 138 respondents in the two neighborhoods. Descriptive analysis using percentages and tables in relation to the data obtained was used to draw inferences and conclusions. The results obtained shows that the sampled neighborhoods are densely congested informal settlements with unorganized settlement pattern, lacking in basic neighbourhoods’ infrastructure, and poor circulation, among others. These findings imply that the environmental setting of the study area makes compliance with non-pharmaceutical protocols during COVID-19. pandemic difficult. By implication, the neighborhoods lack the resilience capability to cope with the COVID-19. pandemic. The study recommends the need for planning and upgrading of the neighbourhoods’ facilities along with stakeholder public enlightenment on the need to comply to COVID-19. non-pharmaceutical protocols as a step toward building resilient neighbourhoods in Jos North Local Government Area and the metropolis at large