Ethiopian Journals Online (EJOL)
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Preventing inter-ethnic conflict: Evidence from the Gereb traditional institutions in Northeast Ethiopia
Get PDFA review of major literature on conflict prevention reveals a lack of consensus on the subject matter. One strand of the debate revolves around whether conflict prevention should be limited solely to the early and non-escalatory stages of conflict, or it should also encompass the escalation and post-conflict stages. Other scholars question the feasibility of assessing whether preventive actions have made a difference. Additionally, examining the role of traditional institutions in conflict prevention introduces a third layer of complexity to the discussion as they are typically approached within the context of conflict resolution. This paper investigates the role of traditional institutions in preventing inter-ethnic conflicts, focusing on the case of Gereb in northeast Ethiopia. The study draws upon documentary materials spanning from 2006 to 2020 and interviews with 40 key informants representing all major stakeholders and FGD with members of the community in the locality. It discovered that local communities have their own concepts of peace, conflict, and conflict prevention. The paper argues that not only is it possible to measure conflict prevention interventions, but traditional institutions are capable of preventing inter-ethnic conflict and the Gerebs have successfully prevented inter-ethnic death and reduced conflicts from communal to individual levels. This suggests that the sustainability of peace hinges upon the local community's ownership of the peace process itself, highlighting the efficacy of a bottom-up approach in addressing conflicts across Africa
Teacher Self-Efficacy in Student Engagement and Instruction during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Examination of Group Differences and Predictors in Ethiopian Universities
No full textTeacher self-efficacy is relevant for universities, particularly in the COVID-19 context, since previous studies found it positively associated with their commitment to teaching. While there have recently been studies on teacher self-efficacy in the COVID-19 context, there is still very little empirical research on university teachers' self-efficacy in the literature, particularly in the sub-Saharan context. Based on a social cognitive theory framework, this study identified the extent of teachers' self-efficacy in the COVID-19 context in universities in Ethiopia and further examined differences and predictors across some personal, instructional, and institutional factors. F or this, the study used a cross-sectional survey design to collect quantitative data from teacher participants (n = 147) from four purposefully selected public universities in Ethiopia that completed the short form Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale two dimensions: student engagement and instructional efficacy. The findings of the study highlight those teachers generally demonstrated average levels of self-efficacy, with low to moderate variations based on their academic rank and career stage (Cohen's d =.39-.46). Moreover, the results of the hierarchical regression analysis emphasized the significant predictability of perceived instructional quality and institutional support on teachers' self-efficacy. These findings underscore the importance of providing university teachers professional development opportunities to effectively fulfill their professional responsibilities in these circumstances and beyond. The implications of these findings are further explored in detail
The Contemporary Trends and challenges of University-Industry Linkage and Technology Transfer in Unity University, Ethiopia
No full textThe study examines university-industry linkage and technology transfer (U-ILTT) at Unity University, a private higher education institution in Ethiopia. A qualitative case study method was used, with participants being staff members and industry experts. The research participants were staff members of Unity University and industry experts. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. A structured interview was used along with document analysis. Narrative and content analysis were used to analyze the data collected through interviews and documents. The findings revealed that while the university had internships and public lectures, faculty and students lack awareness of University-Industry Linkage and the university has not integrated U-ILTT into its strategic plan. Contemporary trends in U-ILTT, such as commercialization, innovation, and technology transfer, were overlooked. The study recommends the establishment of a separate U-ILTT office, integrating linkage into all plans, creating awareness, meeting industry needs, and preparing a well-defined strategy for productive linkages. Further investigation is recommended for firm conclusions
Whose Knowledge and Ways of Knowing? Humanizing Education through Contextualization
Get PDFEducation is a double-edged sword in that it can be used for liberation as well as oppression. In welcoming the Finfinne Journal, this paper aims to address this issue by reviewing related literature and reflecting on personal experiences as a student, teacher, teacher educator, educational researcher and education consultant in Ethiopia. The paper uses Paulo Freire's thesis on liberatory pedagogy as a theoretical lens. While more rigorous research is needed, the experiences presented here suggest that education in Ethiopia does not sufficiently target the production of liberated individuals, as defined by Paulo Freire. The paper concludes by identifying issues for future research in this area
Causes and Psycho-Social Impact of Rape on Victims as Perceived by Secondary School Students in Oyo State, Nigeria
No full textRape is a heinous and serious crime against humanity. It is not a mere sexual disorder, but rather a criminal offence. The study, therefore, investigated the causes and psychosocial impacts of rape as perceived by secondary school students in Oyo State, Nigeria. Respondents were selected through a multi-stage sampling method. Firstly, a proportionate sampling technique was used to select the Local Government Areas (LGA) in Oyo state. Secondly, purposive sampling was used to pick secondary schools with the largest population of students. Finally, a simple random sampling technique was applied to select forty-seven (47) respondents from each of the (9) secondary schools selected in this study. The Perceived Causes and Psycho-social Impact of Rape Questionnaire (CPSIRQ) developed by the study authors, was used to gather information from respondents. For the instrument, a reliability coefficient of 0.77 was obtained. Data were analysed using a t-test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Mean scores that are above 2.5 were accepted as the causes and psycho-social impact of rape while scores below 2.50 were considered as low. The research employed quantitative and qualitative methods. The study found that poor parental upbringing, indecent dressing, and exposure to pornographic films were perceived as major causes of rape, while social stigmatization, insomnia, and depression were perceived as psycho-social impacts. The study recommends proper parental guidance, government enforcement of policies, and community-based initiatives to support victims and hold perpetrators accountable
BRAIN DRAIN AMONG ACADEMICIANS IN TWO HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN ETHIOPIA
No full textTo date the issue of brain drain among academicians in higher education institutions in Ethiopia has not been seriously treated. This is, therefore, a preliminaryattempt to determine its magnitude as well as to probe into its causes. Accordingly, a study was conducted and the findings show inter alia that the magnitude of the brain drain is quite sizeable and its major causes lie in political andjob satisfactionfactors. Consequently, its remedies also lie in the amelioration of these conditions