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አፍሪካ ከቀኝ ግዛት ወደ ነፃነት (1945-1980) ተስፋዎችና ውጤቶች: Africa from Colonialism to Independence (1945-1980): Expectations and Results
No full textThis book focuses on the expectations and outcomes of political independence as it examines Africa’s journey from colonialism to liberation between 1945 and 1980. It is written in Amharic language, in a rare way, definitely provides a wider Ethiopian readership with useful insights about the second half of the twentieth century history of Africa. Given Amharic literature’s dearth of attention to African issues and African context, it would be wise for Ethiopian writers to take a cue from the author
Economics of Higher Education Financing: Exploring the Interplay between System and Capacity in Ethiopian Public Universities
No full textThis Article presents a critical analysis of the evolution of teacher education in Ethiopia, tracing its roots from religious-based education to modern pedagogical frameworks. Historically, teacher education in Ethiopia began within the religious institutions of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church, where instruction was closely tied to spiritual teachings. The transition to modern education was marked by Emperor Menelik II's initiatives and further expanded under Emperor Haile Selassie, who established the first formal teacher training institutions. Over the decades, the system has undergone significant changes. The introduction of secular education, the establishment of formal training programs, and the socialist restructuring during the Derg regime - infused with Marxist-Leninist ideologies - were pivotal moments in Ethiopia's educational evolution. In the early 2000s, the Teacher Education System Overhaul (TESO) represented a ground-breaking shift towards modern approaches, focusing on competency-based training and student-centered learning. Despite these advancements, challenges continue to exist. Resource limitations, disparities in quality across regions, and the struggle to retain skilled teachers - especially in rural areas - highlight persistent issues. The Article also examines the socio-political and economic influences shaping teacher education, including the contributions of international organizations like UNESCO and USAID. By weaving together historical and contemporary perspectives, this Article sheds light on Ethiopia’s progress and persistent challenges in teacher education. The Article recommends policy improvements. It also emphasizes the importance of continuous professional development to ensure the system's long-term success and effectiveness
EDITORIAL NOTE: RETRACTION
No full textThe article titled “The Mediating Role of Perceived HRM Practices in the RelationshipBetween Managerial-Rated HRM Practices and Employee Engagement in Ethiopian HigherEducation”, authored by Zerihun Kinde Alemu, Sheref Betabo Gogsido, and TesfayeTilahun Aragaw, and published in JBAS, Volume 16, Issue No. 2, pages 1–17, has beenformally retracted due to a conflict of interest.A claimant, who was originally intended to be listed as a co-author but was omitted from theauthorship, submitted an official complaint citing a competing conflict of interest. Following athorough review by the Editorial Board of JBAS and the Research and PublicationStanding Committee of St. Mary’s University (the publisher of JBAS), it was determinedthat the article must be retracted.Readers are therefore strongly advised not to cite or reference this article in any academicor professional context.JBAS Editorial BoardSt. Mary’s Universit
Agroecological variations in the rural household resilience to climate change in Gubalafto District, Ethiopia
Get PDFClimate change poses significant challenges for rural households, particularly in farming communities, leading to crop loss and reduced incomes that threaten livelihoods. This study analyzed resilience capacity of rural households to climate change, the case of Gubalafto distracts, Ethiopia. Moreover, the study examined the effect of agroecological differences on the households' resilience level. The study utilized a survey research design, in which gathering data from 355 households selected through random surveys. Principal component analysis, analysis of covariance, and descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the data. This study presents an estimation of the overall household resilience capacity, derived from three key dimensions of resilience: absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacities. The analysis revealed significant loadings for these dimensions, with values of 0.612, 0.534, and 0.583, respectively, indicating their importance in building resilience capacity. Moreover, findings reveal that 44% of households were found to be have a low resilience capacity index (RCI), while 37% and 19% were a medium, high, with an overall mean RCI of 0.33. Surprisingly, lowland households demonstrated a higher average climate resilience score compared to midland and highland households, with p-values of 0.02 and 0.001, respectively. However, no significant difference was found between midland and highland households. Relevant institutions should prioritize investments in communication infrastructure, institutional services, and social safety nets. Particular emphasis should be given due emphasis to highland and midland agro-ecological zones, where targeted support is essential for strengthening household resilience capacities
ምስለ ዐባይ በአማርኛ ሥነ ጽሑፍ፣ 1957-2008 ዓ/ም
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ዐባይ ለእልፍ ዓመታት ለጥንታዊዋ ግብፅ ሥልጣኔ ምሰሶዋ የነበረውን ያህል ዛሬም ለብዙ ሚሊዮን ግብፃውያን የሕልውናቸው ዋልታ ነው። ጥቁር ዐባይ ከነጭ ዐባይ ጋራ ካርቱም ላይ ከተቀላቀለ በኋላ የሱዳንን በረሓ አቋርጦ በግብፅ ውስጥ ለመጠጥ፣ ለመስኖ እርሻ፣ ለኤሌክትሪክ ኃይል ማመንጫ፣ ለኢንዱስትሪ ፍጆታ፣ ለጀልባ ትራንስፖርትና ለቱሪዝም መስሕብ ያገለግላል። ከግብፅ ጋራ ባይመጣጠንም፣ ለሱዳንም ዘርፈ ብዙ ጥቅም ይሰጣል። ዐባይ በየዓመቱ ብዙ ቢልዮን ኩብ ጫማ ለም ዐፈር ከኢትዮጵያ እየጠራረገ ለሁለቱ የጎረቤት አገሮች እርሻ ቢያቀርብም ለመነጨበት አገር የነሱን ቅንጣት ያህል ጥቅም ሳይሰጥ ኖሯል። ኢትዮጵያ ለናይል ወንዝ 86% የሚኾነውን ውሃ ብታበረክትም እስካሁን የምትጠቀምበት የዐባይ ውሃ መጠን ከ1% እንደማይበልጥ ይገመታል። አገሪቱ ከዐባይ ወንዝ ፍትሓዊ ተጠቃሚ እንዳትኾን ሲከላከሉ የኖሩት የታችኛው ተፋሰስ ጎረቤቶቿ የሕዳሴው ግድብ ግንባታ መጀመሩ ሲታወቅ ምላሻቸው ከምንጊዜውም የከረረ ባላንጣነት መኾኑ ወንዙ ሦስቱን አገሮች በበጎም ኾነ በክፉ ምን ያህል እንዳስተሳሰረ አንዱ ማሳያ ነው። ዐባይ በዘርፈ ብዙ ጥቅሙ በሦስቱ አገሮች ፖለቲካዊ፣ ዲፕሎማሲያዊና ሃይማኖታዊ ግንኙነት ላይ የታሪክ አሻራውን ትቷል፤ በሕዝቦቹ ሥነ ልቦናና ባህል ላይም ተጽዕኖ አሳድሯል። በኢትዮጵያ የዚህ ተጽዕኖ አንዱ መገለጫ ከሌሎች የአገሪቱ ወንዞች የበለጠ ለዐባይ በሥነ ጽሑፏ ውስጥ የተሰጠው ሰፊ ሽፋን ነው። ስለኾነም የዚህ ጥናት ቀዳሚ ዓላማ ከቀዳማዊ ኃይለ ሥላሴ እስከ ኢሕአዴግ ዘመነ መንግሥት ለንባብ በበቁት የአማርኛ የፈጠራ ድርሰቶች ለዐባይ የተሰጠውን ምስል እና ድርሰቶቹ በዐባይ ዙርያ የሚያጠነጥኑትን ዋና ዋና ጭብጦች መቃኘት ነው። ኹለተኛው ዓላማ ከዚሁ ጋራ በተያያዘ ዐባይ በድርሰቶቹ ውስጥ የተሰጠውን ማኅበረ-ኢኮኖሚያዊና ፖለቲካዊ ሚና፣ እንዲሁም በጊዜ ኺደት ከነዚህ አንጻር የተከሠተን የለውጥ አዝማሚያ ለይቶ ማሳየት ነው። እግረ መንገዱንም ከዐባይ ጋር በተዛመደ በዚሁ ሥነ ጽሑፍ ውስጥ ሱዳንና ግብፅ የተሣሉበትን ዕይታ ይዳስሳል። ጥናቱ የተከተለው ዘዴ ምንባባዊ የይዘት ትንተና ነው። በየዘመኑ ድርሰቶች ዋና ዋና የዐባይ ምስሎችንና ጭብጦችን መዳሰስ ሰፊ የጥናት አድማስን ግድ ስለሚል ለዚህ ዋቢ የኾኑትን የፈጠራ ድርሰቶች ማግኘት የተቻለውን በጥናቱ ለማካተት ተሞክሯል። ለጭብጦቹ ዳራ የኾኑ ሌሎች ዐባይ-ነክ ምርምራዊ ሥራዎችንም እንደ አስፈላጊነቱ በማጣቀሻነት ጥናቱ ተጠቅሟል።
ቁልፍ ቃላት፦ [ዐባይ፣ ምስለ ዐባይ፣ ዐባይና ጥንታዊ ሥልጣኔ፣ ዐባይና ባህል፣ ድኀነትና ኋላቀርነት፣ዐባይና ልማት፣ ሕዳሴ ግድብ፣ ግብፅ፣ ሱዳን፣ ኢትዮጵያ፣ የውሃ ፖለቲካ
የባህላዊ አዳኝና የሚታዊ ተጋዳሊ ጉዞ እጣዎች ንጽጽራዊ ትንተና፤ በመለየት ፈለግ መነሻ: A Comparative Analysis of the Traditional Hunter and the Mythic Hero's Departure Journey
No full textየዚህ ጥናት መሰረታዊ ግብ በሚታዊ ተጋዳሊና በባህላዊ አዳኝ የህይወት እጣ ጉዞዎች የሚታዩ ተመሳስሎዎችንና ልዩነቶችን በማነጻጸር የፎክሎር ጥናት ትንተና ለሁለንተናዊነት (universality) እና አካባቢያዊነት (locality) ትኩረት መስጠት እንደሚገባ ማሳየት ነው፡፡ ጥናቱ አይነታዊ ሲሆን ኢትኖግራፊያዊ የምርምር ንድፍን ተከትሏል፡፡ ለጥናቱ ከምስራቅ ወለጋ ዞን፣ ኪረሙና ጉድሩ፤ ከኢሉ አባቦር ዞን፣ ቡሬ፤ ከጅማ ዞን፣ ሰኮሩ ወረዳ በታላሚ ናሙና ተመርጠዋል፡፡ በእነዚህ ወረዳዎች ከሚኖሩ የተጠኚው ማሕበረሰብ አባላት መረጃዎቹ የተሰበበሰቡት በቃለ መጠይቅና በቡድን ተኮር ውይይት ነው፡፡ በቃለ መጠይቅ የተሳተፉት 24 ቁልፍ መረጃ አቀባዮች ሲሆኑ፣በቡድን ውይይት ደግሞ 23 የባህሉ እውቀት ያላቸው ግለሰቦች ናቸው፡፡ ሁሉም የጥናቱ ተሳታፊዎች የተመረጡት በታላሚ እና በጓድ ጥቆማ የንሞና ዘዴዎች ነው፡፡ ከርዕሰ ጉዳዩ ጋር ግንኙነት ያላቸው ሰነዶች ከአብያተ መጻሕፍትና ከሌሎችም ቦታዎች ተሰብስበዋል፡፡ የመረጃዎቹን ምሉዕነትና ትክክለኝነት የማጣራት ስራ ከተከናወነ በኋላ በመለየት ምእራፍ ስር በሚገኙት አምስት ንዑሳን ምዕራፎች ስር ተመድበው ትንተናው ተካሂዷል፡፡ የጥናቱ ውጤትም፣ በገድል ጥሪ፣ ጥሪውን ለመቀበል በሚኖር ፈቃድ (እምብኝታ)፣ በልእለ ተፈጥሮ ረድኤት፣ የመጀመሪያውን እና የመጨረሻውን ቅጽሮች በመዝለቅ፣ በሚታዊ ተጋዳሊና በባህላዊ አዳኝ የእጣ ጉዞዎች መካከል ተመሳስሎ መኖሩን አሳይቷል፡፡ በእነዚህ ምእራፎች ስር ያሉ ዝርዝር ጉዳዮች ሲታዩ ግን፣ በሚታዊ ተጋዳሊና በባህላዊ አዳኝ የዕጣ ጉዞዎች መካከል ባህል ፈጠር ልዩነቶች ታይተዋል፡፡ ይህም የፎክሎር መረጃዎችን ለሁሉም ባህሎች በሚሰራው በሁለንተናዊነት ወይም የየባህሎች ተናጠናላዊ ዝርዝር ጉዳዮች ላይ በሚያተኩረው አካባቢያዊነት ላይ ብቻ ተመስርቶ መተንተን ጥናቱን የተሟላ እንደማያደርገው ያሳያል፡፡ ስለሆነም የጋራ አካዳሚዊ ዕውቀቶችን ለማዳበርና የየባህሎችን ተናጠላዊ ጉዳዮች ለመረዳት ለሁለቱም ተገቢው ትኩረት ቢሰጥ መልካም ይሆናል፡፡
The primary objective of this study is to underscore the necessity of integrating both universality and locality in folklore analysis. By conducting a comparative examination of the mythic hero’s and the traditional hunter’s life journeys, this research highlights their shared motifs as well as culturally distinct variations. Employing a qualitative ethnographic approach, the study focuses on selected communities in Kiramu and Guduru (East Wollega Zone), Bure (Ilu Aba Bor Zone), and Sokoru Woreda (Jimma Zone). Data were systematically collected through in-depth interviews with 24 key informants and focus group discussions involving 23 culturally-knowledgeable participants. Participants were selected using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques to ensure depth and relevance. Supplementary archival materials were also gathered from libraries and other relevant sources. Following a rigorous verification process to ensure data accuracy and completeness, the findings were organized into five analytical subsections. The study reveals striking parallels between the mythic hero’s journey and that of the traditional hunter, particularly in key stages such as: the call to adventure; the acceptance (or refusal) of the call; the intervention of supernatural aid, and the symbolic crossing of thresholds (both initial and final). However, a closer examination of these stages uncovers culturally specific variations, demonstrating that neither a purely Universalist (cross-cultural) nor an exclusively localist (culture-specific) approach suffices for a comprehensive understanding of folklore. Thus, this study advocates for a dual analytical framework—one that balances universal archetypes with local particularities—to advance scholarly discourse and foster a deeper appreciation of both shared narrative structures and unique cultural expressions
Discursive Practices of Identity among the Arsi Waata: A Critical Discourse Analyses
No full textThis article analyzes the discursive practices of identity pertaining to the Waata. It employs qualitative method of data analysis. The snowball sampling technique is used to select informants from the Arsi and the Waata groups. Data were collected using key informant interview and focus group discussion, and analyzed thematically following Fairclough’s tri-dimentional model critical discourse analysis. The findings show that the Arsi and the Waata use discursive practices since antiquity which define the current Waata as descendants of a forefather cursed by God, and their occupations (hunting, cleansing, blessing, cursing, etc.,) as the compensation given to the man, and transferred to them. It is believed that the Waata’s participation in occupations other than these occupations leads to punishment. The expressions ‘God ordered the Waata to live on the given activities; education and farming were not meant for the Waata, etc. used by the groups are potent to naturalize the alleged given livelihood to the group. These discursive practices are oriented by the reductionist ideology latent to control the discursive, mental, and physical spaces of the Waata to confine themselves to these nonproductive types of occupations. The reductionist ideology embedded in the discursive practices may negatively implicate the Waata’s well-being, and create asymmetrical power relations between the Waata and the Arsi
Image Deblurring with Compressive Sensing
Get PDFCompressive sensing is a technique that enables recovery of signals represented by an underdetermined system of equations. Such a recovery of an original signal is made possible if the samples are represented in a sparse manner provided an appropriate measuring matrix is used for the modelled system. Blurred images are examples of signals that are sparse especially in transform domains. Different researches have been done to show the possibility of recovering blurred images that use sparse representation of transform domains by applying compressive sensing. In our work, however, we propose a model that doesn’t require transforming into other domains. In addition, a box-wise approach has been used that derives the underdetermined system matrix from 7x7 segmented boxes of the blurred image. Compressive sensing algorithms are applied on these boxes to recover the whole image iteratively. Our method is shown to have a much better computational complexity than the traditional Lucy-Richardson deblurring method. Thus, with this improved computational complexity, the study provides an initial platform to deblur images using box-wise method and compressive sensing technique
Enhanced Mechanical properties Characterization of General Purpose Unsaturated Polyester Resin using Nano Cellulose Particles: Industrial Application.
Get PDFThough the unsaturated polyester resin is highly versatile with a wide range of application, its low impact strength, low elongation at break and low toughness constrain its applications. In this article, study of an unsaturated polymer resin was conducted by adding optimum amount of nanocellulose fillers extracted from sugarcane bagasse. Mechanical and microstructural properties were characterized by testing the composite with 0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % fiber weight fraction of the nanocellulose. Mechanical properties such as tensile, compression, impact, flexural, as well as X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed. The results indicate that 10 nm particle size and 2 % nanocellulose by weight fraction is best, which gives enhanced mechanical properties of the composite material up to 45 % tensile strength, 38 % flexural strength, 13 % compression strength and 8 % impact strength improvement. The composite material also shows improved thermal stability and bond stretching due to the incorporation of nanocellulose particles
