Dane Badawcze UW University of Warsaw
Not a member yet
442 research outputs found
Sort by
Drangsong 208: sTag la…
No full textDrangsong 208: sTag la…This dataset contains photographs of the manuscript pages with handwritten text. It is a part of the royal Drangsong collection from Mustang, Nepal.The manuscript Drangsong 208 contains visualizing the meditational deity sTag la me ’bar, making offerings and praises, seeking to vanquish enemies, counteract harm, destroy one's own ignorance, and to attain enlightenment.. It is composed of 9 folios. File naming convention within Drangsong_208.zip archive: Drangsong_208_001r.jpgDrangsong_208 → collection name and number 001 → page numberr / v → recto / versoDRANGSONG PROJECTThe data included here were produced by the members and collaborators of the Drangsong project conducted in the years 2019-2024. Translations of titles and colophons were done by Charles Ramble and Naljor Tsering, transcriptions of selected texts by Nyima Drandul. The features such as bookbinding style, format and layout of manuscripts, as well as the type of paper illustrated with close-up and microscopic images, were taken by Agnieszka Helman-Ważny. The illustrations were described by Nils Martin, and the photographic documentation taken in situ was done by Thomas Schrom and Rinchen Loden Lama. Detailed studies and laboratory analyses of paper samples were carried out by Agnieszka Helman-Wazny in collaboration with the Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Archaeometric Research at the University of Warsaw (Barbara Wagner, Agata Szubartowska, Alicja Święcicka, and Bartłomiej Witkowski) and Warsaw University of Technology (Grażyna Zofia Żukowska), using integrated methods such as microscopic fibre analysis, Reflectance Transformation Imaging/Polynomial Texture Maps (RTI / PTM), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The C14 analyses were performed at the Poznań Radiocarbon Lab (Tomasz Goslar).PROJECT DETAILSThe Project No. UMO-2018/30/M/HS3/00372 funded by The National Science Centre, Poland, in the framework of the HARMONIA 10 program, hosted by the Faculty of Journalism, Information and Bibliology, Department of Books, and Media History, University of Warsaw, Poland in a partnership with the École Pratique des Hautes Études and the Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l'Asie orientale (CRCAO), Paris.Title: Protecting the Kingdom with Tibetan Manuscripts: codicological and historical analysis of the royal Drangsong collection from Mustang, Nepal.Project PI: Agnieszka Helman-Ważny hagniwaz@gmail.comProject co PI: Charles RambleThe aim of this project was to carry out a codicological and text-historical study of a unique collection of manuscripts, named Drangsong, belonging to the Bön religion of Tibet. It is named after the lineage of Bönpo priests in whose house it is kept. The collection, consisting of 340 different items with a total of 3,477 folios, cards, or individual sheets of paper, represents the ritual repertoire of the priests of the kings of Mustang, once a Tibetan kingdom and now a district of Nepal. The manuscripts exemplify the variety of forms, scripts, decorations, materials and other codicological features. The texts have not been used since the priestly line ended in the 1950s or 60s. The value of this collection is twofold: first, the collection was assembled from different parts of Tibet and the Himalaya over six centuries, and offers a rich body of material which can be retrieved by material and codicological analyses that will contribute to our understanding of book and paper making traditions in the region, as well as social aspects of Tibetan manuscript production; and secondly, in terms of its content, it offers a window onto the nature of royal religion in a Tibetan kingdom. These manuscripts were used in rituals for the protection and prosperity of the kingdom of Mustang, its subjects and members of royal lineage; knowledge of the materials and ritual practices involved in the creation of physical objects will help to understand the interaction between religion, patronage and political authority in Tibetan society.DATASET FILESThe dataset contains files:• Drangsong_208.zip (master scans of the manuscript pages with color checker),• Drangsong_208.pdf (containing presentation images of the manuscript pages),• Drangsong_208_001v.png (manuscript page sample),• Drangsong_208_backlites.zip (backlit samples),• Drangsong_208_macros.zip (in close-up samples),• Drangsong_208_XRF_analysis.png (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry).DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPTDetailed information on writing, materials, format, and layout is provided in a Readme.txt file attached to this dataset.</p
Drangsong 115: bZa’[gza’] skar ngan skar ngan bzlog thabs bzhugs+ho/
No full textDrangsong 115: bZa’[gza’] skar ngan skar ngan bzlog thabs bzhugs+ho/This dataset contains photographs of the manuscript pages with handwritten text. It is a part of the royal Drangsong collection from Mustang, Nepal.The manuscript Drangsong 115 contains ritual to reverse the misfortune caused by inauspicious planets and stars. It is composed of 5 folios. File naming convention within Drangsong_115.zip archive: Drangsong_115_001r.jpgDrangsong_115 → collection name and number 001 → page numberr / v → recto / versoDRANGSONG PROJECTThe data included here were produced by the members and collaborators of the Drangsong project conducted in the years 2019-2024. Translations of titles and colophons were done by Charles Ramble and Naljor Tsering, transcriptions of selected texts by Nyima Drandul. The features such as bookbinding style, format and layout of manuscripts, as well as the type of paper illustrated with close-up and microscopic images, were taken by Agnieszka Helman-Ważny. The illustrations were described by Nils Martin, and the photographic documentation taken in situ was done by Thomas Schrom and Rinchen Loden Lama. Detailed studies and laboratory analyses of paper samples were carried out by Agnieszka Helman-Wazny in collaboration with the Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Archaeometric Research at the University of Warsaw (Barbara Wagner, Agata Szubartowska, Alicja Święcicka, and Bartłomiej Witkowski) and Warsaw University of Technology (Grażyna Zofia Żukowska), using integrated methods such as microscopic fibre analysis, Reflectance Transformation Imaging/Polynomial Texture Maps (RTI / PTM), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The C14 analyses were performed at the Poznań Radiocarbon Lab (Tomasz Goslar).PROJECT DETAILSThe Project No. UMO-2018/30/M/HS3/00372 funded by The National Science Centre, Poland, in the framework of the HARMONIA 10 program, hosted by the Faculty of Journalism, Information and Bibliology, Department of Books, and Media History, University of Warsaw, Poland in a partnership with the École Pratique des Hautes Études and the Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l'Asie orientale (CRCAO), Paris.Title: Protecting the Kingdom with Tibetan Manuscripts: codicological and historical analysis of the royal Drangsong collection from Mustang, Nepal.Project PI: Agnieszka Helman-Ważny hagniwaz@gmail.comProject co PI: Charles RambleThe aim of this project was to carry out a codicological and text-historical study of a unique collection of manuscripts, named Drangsong, belonging to the Bön religion of Tibet. It is named after the lineage of Bönpo priests in whose house it is kept. The collection, consisting of 340 different items with a total of 3,477 folios, cards, or individual sheets of paper, represents the ritual repertoire of the priests of the kings of Mustang, once a Tibetan kingdom and now a district of Nepal. The manuscripts exemplify the variety of forms, scripts, decorations, materials and other codicological features. The texts have not been used since the priestly line ended in the 1950s or 60s. The value of this collection is twofold: first, the collection was assembled from different parts of Tibet and the Himalaya over six centuries, and offers a rich body of material which can be retrieved by material and codicological analyses that will contribute to our understanding of book and paper making traditions in the region, as well as social aspects of Tibetan manuscript production; and secondly, in terms of its content, it offers a window onto the nature of royal religion in a Tibetan kingdom. These manuscripts were used in rituals for the protection and prosperity of the kingdom of Mustang, its subjects and members of royal lineage; knowledge of the materials and ritual practices involved in the creation of physical objects will help to understand the interaction between religion, patronage and political authority in Tibetan society.DATASET FILESThe dataset contains files:• Drangsong_115.zip (master scans of the manuscript pages with color checker),• Drangsong_115.pdf (containing presentation images of the manuscript pages),• Drangsong_115_001v.png (manuscript page sample),• Drangsong_115_backlites.zip (backlit samples),• Drangsong_115_macros.zip (in close-up samples),• Drangsong_115_XRF_analysis.png (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry).DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPTDetailed information on writing, materials, format, and layout is provided in a Readme.txt file attached to this dataset.</p
Drangsong 188: Untitled
No full textDrangsong 188: UntitledThis dataset contains photographs of the manuscript pages with handwritten text. It is a part of the royal Drangsong collection from Mustang, Nepal.The manuscript Drangsong 188 contains prayer and offerings to the klu, and reciting auspices in order to acquire good fortune.It is composed of 4 folios.File naming convention within Drangsong_188.zip archive: Drangsong_188_005r.jpgDrangsong_188 → collection name and number 005 → page numberr / v → recto / versoDRANGSONG PROJECTThe data included here were produced by the members and collaborators of the Drangsong project conducted in the years 2019-2024. Translations of titles and colophons were done by Charles Ramble and Naljor Tsering, transcriptions of selected texts by Nyima Drandul. The features such as bookbinding style, format and layout of manuscripts, as well as the type of paper illustrated with close-up and microscopic images, were taken by Agnieszka Helman-Ważny. The illustrations were described by Nils Martin, and the photographic documentation taken in situ was done by Thomas Schrom and Rinchen Loden Lama. Detailed studies and laboratory analyses of paper samples were carried out by Agnieszka Helman-Wazny in collaboration with the Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Archaeometric Research at the University of Warsaw (Barbara Wagner, Agata Szubartowska, Alicja Święcicka, and Bartłomiej Witkowski) and Warsaw University of Technology (Grażyna Zofia Żukowska), using integrated methods such as microscopic fibre analysis, Reflectance Transformation Imaging/Polynomial Texture Maps (RTI / PTM), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The C14 analyses were performed at the Poznań Radiocarbon Lab (Tomasz Goslar).PROJECT DETAILSThe Project No. UMO-2018/30/M/HS3/00372 funded by The National Science Centre, Poland, in the framework of the HARMONIA 10 program, hosted by the Faculty of Journalism, Information and Bibliology, Department of Books, and Media History, University of Warsaw, Poland in a partnership with the École Pratique des Hautes Études and the Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l'Asie orientale (CRCAO), Paris.Title: Protecting the Kingdom with Tibetan Manuscripts: codicological and historical analysis of the royal Drangsong collection from Mustang, Nepal.Project PI: Agnieszka Helman-Ważny hagniwaz@gmail.comProject co PI: Charles RambleThe aim of this project was to carry out a codicological and text-historical study of a unique collection of manuscripts, named Drangsong, belonging to the Bön religion of Tibet. It is named after the lineage of Bönpo priests in whose house it is kept. The collection, consisting of 340 different items with a total of 3,477 folios, cards, or individual sheets of paper, represents the ritual repertoire of the priests of the kings of Mustang, once a Tibetan kingdom and now a district of Nepal. The manuscripts exemplify the variety of forms, scripts, decorations, materials and other codicological features. The texts have not been used since the priestly line ended in the 1950s or 60s. The value of this collection is twofold: first, the collection was assembled from different parts of Tibet and the Himalaya over six centuries, and offers a rich body of material which can be retrieved by material and codicological analyses that will contribute to our understanding of book and paper making traditions in the region, as well as social aspects of Tibetan manuscript production; and secondly, in terms of its content, it offers a window onto the nature of royal religion in a Tibetan kingdom. These manuscripts were used in rituals for the protection and prosperity of the kingdom of Mustang, its subjects and members of royal lineage; knowledge of the materials and ritual practices involved in the creation of physical objects will help to understand the interaction between religion, patronage and political authority in Tibetan society.DATASET FILESThe dataset contains files:• Drangsong_188.zip (master scans of the manuscript pages with color checker),• Drangsong_188.pdf (containing presentation images of the manuscript pages),• Drangsong_188_005r.png (manuscript page sample),• Drangsong_188_backlites.zip (backlit samples),• Drangsong_188_XRF_analysis.png (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry).DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPTDetailed information on writing, materials, format, and layout is provided in a Readme.txt file attached to this dataset.</p
Global learning loss in student achievement: First estimates using comparable reading scores
No full textThe dataset includes aggregated Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) data for the years 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 and 2021 for the countries/regions surveyed.PIRLS is an assessment of reading literacy conducted by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) at five-year intervals. PIRLS is carried out on a representative random sample of fourth-grade students in each country conducting the survey. In addition to reading comprehension scores, the collection includes socio-economic data.See related datasets.Zbiór danych obejmuje zagregowane dane Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) za lata 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 i 2021 dla krajów/ regionów objętych badaniem.PIRLS to prowadzona przez International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) ocena umiejętności czytania ze zrozumieniem prowadzona w odstępach pięcioletnich. PIRLS jest realizowane na reprezentatywnej próbie losowej czwartoklasistów w każdym kraju realizującym badanie. Poza wynikami z czytania ze zrozumieniem zbiór zawiera dane społeczno-ekonomiczne.Więcej: powiązane zbiory danych</p
Drangsong 222: Dang po skyabs ’gro ni/
No full textDrangsong 222: Dang po skyabs ’gro ni/This dataset contains photographs of the manuscript pages with handwritten text. It is a part of the royal Drangsong collection from Mustang, Nepal.The manuscript Drangsong 222 contains prayer to the masters for blessings and refuge. It is composed of 2 folios. File naming convention within Drangsong_222.zip archive: Drangsong_222_001r.jpgDrangsong_222 → collection name and number 001 → page numberr / v → recto / versoDRANGSONG PROJECTThe data included here were produced by the members and collaborators of the Drangsong project conducted in the years 2019-2024. Translations of titles and colophons were done by Charles Ramble and Naljor Tsering, transcriptions of selected texts by Nyima Drandul. The features such as bookbinding style, format and layout of manuscripts, as well as the type of paper illustrated with close-up and microscopic images, were taken by Agnieszka Helman-Ważny. The illustrations were described by Nils Martin, and the photographic documentation taken in situ was done by Thomas Schrom and Rinchen Loden Lama. Detailed studies and laboratory analyses of paper samples were carried out by Agnieszka Helman-Wazny in collaboration with the Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Archaeometric Research at the University of Warsaw (Barbara Wagner, Agata Szubartowska, Alicja Święcicka, and Bartłomiej Witkowski) and Warsaw University of Technology (Grażyna Zofia Żukowska), using integrated methods such as microscopic fibre analysis, Reflectance Transformation Imaging/Polynomial Texture Maps (RTI / PTM), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The C14 analyses were performed at the Poznań Radiocarbon Lab (Tomasz Goslar).PROJECT DETAILSThe Project No. UMO-2018/30/M/HS3/00372 funded by The National Science Centre, Poland, in the framework of the HARMONIA 10 program, hosted by the Faculty of Journalism, Information and Bibliology, Department of Books, and Media History, University of Warsaw, Poland in a partnership with the École Pratique des Hautes Études and the Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l'Asie orientale (CRCAO), Paris.Title: Protecting the Kingdom with Tibetan Manuscripts: codicological and historical analysis of the royal Drangsong collection from Mustang, Nepal.Project PI: Agnieszka Helman-Ważny hagniwaz@gmail.comProject co PI: Charles RambleThe aim of this project was to carry out a codicological and text-historical study of a unique collection of manuscripts, named Drangsong, belonging to the Bön religion of Tibet. It is named after the lineage of Bönpo priests in whose house it is kept. The collection, consisting of 340 different items with a total of 3,477 folios, cards, or individual sheets of paper, represents the ritual repertoire of the priests of the kings of Mustang, once a Tibetan kingdom and now a district of Nepal. The manuscripts exemplify the variety of forms, scripts, decorations, materials and other codicological features. The texts have not been used since the priestly line ended in the 1950s or 60s. The value of this collection is twofold: first, the collection was assembled from different parts of Tibet and the Himalaya over six centuries, and offers a rich body of material which can be retrieved by material and codicological analyses that will contribute to our understanding of book and paper making traditions in the region, as well as social aspects of Tibetan manuscript production; and secondly, in terms of its content, it offers a window onto the nature of royal religion in a Tibetan kingdom. These manuscripts were used in rituals for the protection and prosperity of the kingdom of Mustang, its subjects and members of royal lineage; knowledge of the materials and ritual practices involved in the creation of physical objects will help to understand the interaction between religion, patronage and political authority in Tibetan society.DATASET FILESThe dataset contains files:• Drangsong_222.zip (master scans of the manuscript pages with color checker),• Drangsong_222.pdf (containing presentation images of the manuscript pages),• Drangsong_222_001r.png (manuscript page sample),• Drangsong_222_backlites.zip (backlit samples),• Drangsong_222_macros.zip (in close-up samples),• Drangsong_222_XRF_analysis.png (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry).DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPTDetailed information on writing, materials, format, and layout is provided in a Readme.txt file attached to this dataset.</p
Drangsong 189: Untitled
No full textDrangsong 189: UntitledThis dataset contains photographs of the manuscript pages with handwritten text. It is a part of the royal Drangsong collection from Mustang, Nepal.The manuscript Drangsong 189 contains Ritual of offerings to the klu to pray for progeny.It is composed of 3 folios.File naming convention within Drangsong_189.zip archive: Drangsong_189_002r.jpgDrangsong_189 → collection name and number 002 → page numberr / v → recto / versoDRANGSONG PROJECTThe data included here were produced by the members and collaborators of the Drangsong project conducted in the years 2019-2024. Translations of titles and colophons were done by Charles Ramble and Naljor Tsering, transcriptions of selected texts by Nyima Drandul. The features such as bookbinding style, format and layout of manuscripts, as well as the type of paper illustrated with close-up and microscopic images, were taken by Agnieszka Helman-Ważny. The illustrations were described by Nils Martin, and the photographic documentation taken in situ was done by Thomas Schrom and Rinchen Loden Lama. Detailed studies and laboratory analyses of paper samples were carried out by Agnieszka Helman-Wazny in collaboration with the Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Archaeometric Research at the University of Warsaw (Barbara Wagner, Agata Szubartowska, Alicja Święcicka, and Bartłomiej Witkowski) and Warsaw University of Technology (Grażyna Zofia Żukowska), using integrated methods such as microscopic fibre analysis, Reflectance Transformation Imaging/Polynomial Texture Maps (RTI / PTM), and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The C14 analyses were performed at the Poznań Radiocarbon Lab (Tomasz Goslar).PROJECT DETAILSThe Project No. UMO-2018/30/M/HS3/00372 funded by The National Science Centre, Poland, in the framework of the HARMONIA 10 program, hosted by the Faculty of Journalism, Information and Bibliology, Department of Books, and Media History, University of Warsaw, Poland in a partnership with the École Pratique des Hautes Études and the Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l'Asie orientale (CRCAO), Paris.Title: Protecting the Kingdom with Tibetan Manuscripts: codicological and historical analysis of the royal Drangsong collection from Mustang, Nepal.Project PI: Agnieszka Helman-Ważny hagniwaz@gmail.comProject co PI: Charles RambleThe aim of this project was to carry out a codicological and text-historical study of a unique collection of manuscripts, named Drangsong, belonging to the Bön religion of Tibet. It is named after the lineage of Bönpo priests in whose house it is kept. The collection, consisting of 340 different items with a total of 3,477 folios, cards, or individual sheets of paper, represents the ritual repertoire of the priests of the kings of Mustang, once a Tibetan kingdom and now a district of Nepal. The manuscripts exemplify the variety of forms, scripts, decorations, materials and other codicological features. The texts have not been used since the priestly line ended in the 1950s or 60s. The value of this collection is twofold: first, the collection was assembled from different parts of Tibet and the Himalaya over six centuries, and offers a rich body of material which can be retrieved by material and codicological analyses that will contribute to our understanding of book and paper making traditions in the region, as well as social aspects of Tibetan manuscript production; and secondly, in terms of its content, it offers a window onto the nature of royal religion in a Tibetan kingdom. These manuscripts were used in rituals for the protection and prosperity of the kingdom of Mustang, its subjects and members of royal lineage; knowledge of the materials and ritual practices involved in the creation of physical objects will help to understand the interaction between religion, patronage and political authority in Tibetan society.DATASET FILESThe dataset contains files:• Drangsong_189.zip (master scans of the manuscript pages with color checker),• Drangsong_189.pdf (containing presentation images of the manuscript pages),• Drangsong_189_drawing.pdf (PDF file containing description of the drawing),• Drangsong_189_002r.png (manuscript page sample),• Drangsong_189_backlites.zip (backlit samples),• Drangsong_189_XRF_analysis.png (X-ray fluorescence spectrometry).DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPTDetailed information on writing, materials, format, and layout is provided in a Readme.txt file attached to this dataset.</p
Chronology of the settlement areas at hunter-gather Stone Age site Dudka, Masuria, NE-Poland
No full textData set includes results of AMS radiocarbon measurements - 14C Age (yrBP) along with calibrated age (cal. BC) as well as isotope measurements (15N, 13C) in case of unburned bone samples (collagen). Table include the information about the sampled material and the archaeological data connected with the samples. All results of radiocarbon measurements were obtained in 2024 year thanks to the NCN grant project: Absolute chronology of burials and loose human bones from the hunter-gatherer Stone Age sites Dudka and Szczepanki in Masuria (NE-Poland), Grant no. 2020/39/B/HS3/02375.12 bones were selected for radiocarbon dating and stable isotope measurement. Three heavily cremated human bones coming from different layers, one human unburned bone and 8 animal bones and teeth from each layer with archeological finds to establish the chronology of the settlement. The set of animal remains include one dog tooth. Finaly, 4 samples failed due to too low collagen content and 8 samples were measured. One measured sample - of individual XIII-B, shows slightly increased C:N value and shall be interpreted with caution.Bone and tooth samples were measured mostly in Tandem Laboratory of Uppsala University in Sweden. Eight samples were sent to the laboratory and finally 5 of them could be measured. Three samples were analysed in the Aarhus AMS Centre of Aarhus University in Denmark. Both laboratories made AMS measurements along with precise stable isotope (13C, 15N) measurements EA-IRMS. Additionally, one bone sample was measured in the Vilnius Radiocarbon Laboratory in Lithuania.More detailed information about the methods used by laboratories are included in the instruction to the table (readme.txt).Bones used for sampling were osteologically elaborated by Karolina Bugajska.</p
Animacje i programy do analizy transportu równoległego, geodezyjnych oraz współrzędnych stereograficznych
No full textAnimacje i notatniki utworzone przy użyciu programu Mathematica prezentujące zagadnienia: transportu równoległego na sferze, geodezyjnych na hiperboloidzie jednopowłokowej wychodzących z ustalonego punktu oraz powstawania współrzędnych stereograficznych na sferze.Pliki z rozszerzeniem .nb można otworzyć przy użyciu programu Mathematica. Jest to oprogramowanie komercyjne, jednak dostępna jest bezpłatna wersja testowa wystarczająca do odczytu danych. Wszelkie informacje o oprogramowaniu można znaleźć na stronie producenta https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/.Wszystkie pliki zawarte w tym zbiorze danych stanowią materiały dodatkowe w pracy licencjackiej "Geometria metryczna powierzchni zanurzonych" autorstwa Adama Warownego wykonanej pod kierunkiem dr. hab. Katarzyny Grabowskiej na kierunku Fizyka na Wydziale Fizyki UW.</p
Absolute chronology of cremation burials from the hunter-gatherer Stone Age cemetery at Dudka in Masuria (NE-Poland)
No full textData set include results of AMS measurements - 14C Age (yrBP) of cremation burials at Dudka site along with calibrated age (cal. BC) and detailed osteological and archaeological data concerning bone samples taken to measurements as well as the grave or context from which it was found. All results of radiocarbon measurements were obtained thanks to NCN grant project: Absolute chronology of burials and loose human bones from the hunter-gatherer Stone Age sites Dudka and Szczepanki in Masuria (NE-Poland) (Grant no. 2020/39/B/HS3/02375). Tables include self-made osteological analyses of bone material, which were conducted for the Master and PhD thesis, and were elaborated and up-dated for the project purposes. The radiocarbon AMS measurements were made for all graves and deposits of cremated remains which contained the suitable bone material for AMS measurements, i.e. heavily burned white bones. In the case of graves or deposits where bones of different individuals were mixed together one bone was taken for analyses. Measurements were taken also for loose human bones from the cemetery area (trench VI) as well as from settlement zone (trench III) at Dudka site, if only the skeleton was burned in sufficient way.22 heavily burned human bones (each one from a different individual) were selected and submitted for measurements. Two bone samples could not be measured, because they did not contain sufficient apatite of good quality. AMS measurements were finally made for 20 samples. AMS measurements of cremated bones were made in the Centre for Isotope Research of the University of Groningen.According to the laboratory report following methods to obtain the reliable results were used: “Pretreatment and measurement description The applied pretreatment and measurement method of the bones and cremated bone samples is described in Dee et al., 2020 (“Radiocarbon Dating at Groningen: New and updated chemical pretreatment procedures. Radiocarbon, 62(1): 63-74”). Cremated bone was chemically pretreated with bleach and acetic acid to an apatite fraction and then pretreated to CO2. After the CO2 extraction, the CO2 is fired overnight in Sulfix at 220 °C, whereby sulfur compounds are removed from the CO2 (purification step). This Sulfix itself was first fired overnight with O2 at 220°C to remove any carbon pollution. The background material and a reference material included in the same series as the apatite samples undergo the same procedure as the apatite samples. The background material is measured 3 › 4 to correct for any added (non-fossil) contaminants in the lab process. The reported uncertainty in the measured values does not only include the spread in the instrument measurement itself, but also the variation in the measurement result that arises due to variations in the pretreatment and measurement of (sub) samples (of the same composition and comparable size).”Calibrated BC dates (95% confidence intervals) provided in the table are based on: OxCal v.4.4.4 (Bronk Ramsey 2021r), IntCal20 curve (Reimer et al. 2020).</p
A newly-identified IncY plasmids from multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cattle feces in Poland
No full textComprehensive whole-genome sequencing was performed on two multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from cattle manure from a typical dairy farm in Poland. The identified strains are resistant to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and fluoroquinolones. The complete sequences of the harbored plasmids revealed antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) located within many mobile genetic elements (e.g., insertional sequences or transposons), and genes facilitating conjugal transfer or promoting horizontal gene transfer. These plasmids are hitherto undescribed. Similar plasmids have been identified, but not in Poland. While similar plasmids (99% identity) have been found in environmental and clinical samples, none have been identified in farm animals.</p