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Humanitarian Intervention: Institutional Support from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia
No full textHumanitarian intervention is an act of intervention using armed forces for humanitarian purposes. Indonesia as a country that has a role to participate in maintaining world security and order has the potential to carry out humanitarian interventions. The implementation of humanitarian intervention requires in-depth consideration and study. Therefore, this study tries to find out about the aspect of law and human rights institutions in the implementation of humanitarian intervention conducted by Indonesia. The method used is normative research, by reviewing existing regulations that are related to humanitarian intervention. The Ministry of Law and Human Rights based on its structure and function has a major role in the implementation of humanitarian interventions, both in the initial phase of initiation until the initiation of the intervention is approved for implementation. The role of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights needs to be encouraged to be fully involved in the implementatio
Expansion of the Discretion Concept Reviewed from Legal Anti-Positivism
No full textThe terms of discretion have been determined finitely in Article 24 of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. However, the requirement "not contrary to the provisions of the legislation" was removed after the issuance of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This paper examines 3 (three) circumstances related to discretion. First, how is the concept of discretion viewed from the government administration? Second, how is the concept of discretion viewed from the school of legal anti-positivism? Third, what are the parameters of the validity of discretion based on the legislation? This study used a normative juridical method with a statutory, conceptual, and philosophical approach to analyze the norm and concept of discretion. The results of the study indicate that in the administrative field, discretion may be contrary to the provisions of the legislation if there is stagnation of government and it is intended for the public interest. Such a concept departs from a critique of legal positivism which leads to many subsequent ideologies including utilitarianism, legal realism to CLS. The parameters of the validity of discretion are formal legitimacy consisting of authority and procedures as well as material legitimacy. This research suggests that there is a need for heightening the control mechanism for the issuance of discretion through the superiors of the administration officials concerned
State's Loses in The Corruption Crimes of Members of The Board of Directors of State-Owned (Persero) or Regional Government-Owned Banks and Their Subsidiaries in The Provision of Credit/ Financing
No full textLaw No. 31 of 1999 as amended by Law No. 20 of 2001 on Eradication of Corruption Crimes provides normative direction that one of the essential things that must be proven in corruption crime is the existence of "State's losses". Members of the Board of Directors of State-Owned Enterprise in the form of bank, in managing of the company, especially in the provision of credit or financing, are very afraid of being accused of corruption crimes. The legal relationship between the State as a legal subject with the companies having status as State-Owned Enterprises (the Persero) is the existence of majority share ownership or controlling shares by the State in limited liability companies with Persero status. Such a legal relationship has been regulated in various applicable laws and regulations that have and are sourced from theoretical and philosophical foundations such as corporate legal doctrines for example the legal doctrine of piercing the corporate veil, the doctrine of fiduciary duty law, and the Business Judgment role. Some legal problems arise, namely how is the legal relationship of the State with State Enterprises? And can the non-performing credit or non-performing bank financing affect the value of the State's participation in State-owned Bank /Region-Owned Bank? The legal research used in addressing the issues in question is normative legal research, and therefore the results obtained in this legal research are what they should be
Rules Regarding Mandatory Equity Securities Listing: Is It Possible for A Public Company Without Listing on The Indonesian Stock Exchange?
No full text ABSTRACTThe Financial Services Authority has issued the latest regulation in the Capital Market sector, namely the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 3/POJK.04/2021 concerning the Implementation of Activities in the Capital Market Sector. This paper aims to conduct a more specific analysis regarding the mandatory elements for a company that will conduct a public offering to list its equity securities on the stock exchange. The initiation of the obligation to conduct equity securities listing is carried out in order to reduce the intensity of backdoor listing or efficient efforts towards Initial Public Offering activities by acquiring a company whose shares have been listed on the Stock Exchange. This article was compiled using a normative legal research method. Based on Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 3/POJK.04/2021, the Financial Services Authority through the Depository and Settlement Institution conducts electronic securities listing which is not part of the securities collective custody. The Depository and Settlement Institution checks the conformity of the Securities records in the Depository and Settlement Institution with the records in the Securities Administration Bureau or the Public Company which conducts its own Securities administration. The mandatory to be listed for the equity securities of a public company closes legal loopholes for companies that wish to become public company using a procedure that is not in accordance with the provisions of the prevailing laws and regulations.Keywords: registered; capital market; public company; securitie
Dispensation of Marriage in The Perspective of Children's Rights: Best Interest of The Children
No full textUnderage marriage with marriage dispensation is very influential on the lives of children and adolescents. The Convention on the Rights of the Child has determined that the best interest of the child is the primary interest in any action concerning the child. This study uses a normative juridical method based on a statutory approach. The purpose of this research is to find out the judge's considerations and what factors cause the rise of early marriage. This study concludes that the number of marriage dispensations in Indonesia continues to increase from 2016-2018, and is stagnant in 2019-2020. This figure increases because awareness of the meaning of marriage is reduced and many people in Indonesia think that adat must still be maintained. The high dispensation of marriage is caused by economic factors, pregnancy out of wedlock, and cultural factors. Thus, the judge assessed that the granting of a marriage dispensation had the best impact on the child in accordance with the theory of the best interests of the child. The implementation of the regulations that have been implemented still requires derivative regulations that regulate the basics of granting marriage dispensations in court. In order for the application for a marriage dispensation to be granted wisely, it is recommended to refer to Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage and PERMA Number 5 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for the Termination of Marriage Dispensation. So that judges avoid subjective considerations in adjudicating marital dispensation cases
Private Limited Company in Indonesian Positive Law: Elaborating The Basic Concept of Corporate Law, Comparison to Other Countries and Its Development
No full textThe concept of a private limited company was first introduced in the Job Creation Law which is different from the concept of a company in the previous regulation. It is important to dig deeper into the concept of a private limited company: is it possible for a company legal entity to only have a single shareholder or it must be established by a minimum of 2 (two) persons as shareholders? Therefore, this paper applied the normative juridical method, which is believed to be able to answer the aforementioned problem. This paper reviewed the concept of a private limited company juxtaposed with the concept of a company that was in effect before the Job Creation Act and elaborated on the development of company regulations in Indonesian Law. In conclusion, it is found that the basic concept of a private limited company (as a legal entity) can be established by 1 (one) person, as the founder and sole shareholder, that is, as long as the establishment of the company is authorized by the state. Furthermore, the development of company legal arrangements in Indonesian law shows that the law must be responsive to the development of society. This is evident from several changes in the regulation of company law in Indonesia to accommodate the needs of economic development in society
Tindakan Membuka Identitas Pasien Terkonfirmasi Covid-19 oleh Rumah Sakit Berdasarkan Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Pidana
No full textHospitals face dilemma concerning covid 19 patient identity. On one side, they are imposed by an obligation to secure the confidentiality of patients with covid 19, but on the other side, they must inform the patient's identity to government. The act of revealing identity of patient with covid 19 taken by the hospital raises debate from human rights perspective and whether it violates the law or not. The normative Juridical method was used to solve this problem through approaches of prevailing law and concepts on human rights in medical ethics and unlawful act. The result showed that revealing a patient's identity with covid 19 based on nonmaleficence principle in bonum commune context can be lawful and fulfill human rights on behalf of covid 19 management. Moreover, based on the penal code, revealing the identity of a patient with covid 19 taken by a hospital is lawful in an emergency setting (noodtoestand).Rumah sakit menghadapi dilema atas identitas pasien Covid-19. Di satu sisi rumah sakit memiliki kewajiban untuk menjamin rahasia medis pasien Covid-19 namun di sisi lain harus menginformasikan identitas pasien Covid-19 kepada pemerintah. Tindakan membuka identitas pasien Covid-19 oleh rumah sakit pun menjadi perdebatan dari sisi hak asasi manusia dan perbuatan melawan hukum atau tidak. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif digunakan untuk menjawab persoalan ini melalui pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan pendekatan konseptual atas hak asasi manusia dalam etika kedokteran dan perbuatan pidana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tindakan membuka identitas pasien Covid-19 menurut prinsip nonmaleficence dalam konteks bonum commune dapat dibenarkan danmemenuhi hak aasimanusia demi kepentingan penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19. Menurut hukum pidana, tindakan membuka identitas pasien Covid-19 oleh Rumah Sakit merupakan tindakan yang dibenarkan dalam keadaan darurat (noodtoestand)
Pemenuhan Hak Santri atas Kasus Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia oleh Oknum Pondok Pesantren
No full textSexual violence is one of the human rights violations in which women are the dominant victims. To date, most victims who have experienced violence are reluctant to submit complains because they do not know that the situation that happened to them was violence and because of the lack of support from their families. The female students who became the victims had been lured by their ideals, lied to for religious reasons, and were verbally threatened by HW. The focus of this research is to analyze what kind of human rights violations that were committed by the leaders of Islamic boarding schools against female students. The research method uses empirical juridical because it examines the situation happened what is happening in society. This study aims to provide solutions to violations against human rights that have occurred and as anticipation so that similar human rights violations do not occur. The results of the study show that sexual violence can be prevented by providing sexual understanding to children, providing complaint services, and having parental control over children. However, if sexual violence has occurred, then the state needs to help in providing access to education and access to health for victims, as well as punish the perpetrators.Kekerasan seksual merupakan salah satu pelanggaran HAM yang mana perempuan dominan menjadi korban. Sampai saat ini, sebagian besar korban yangmengalami kekerasan enggan untukmengadu karena ketidaktahuan bahwa apa yang terjadi merupakan kekerasan dan minimnya dukungan dari keluarga. Santriwati yang menjadi korban telah diiming-imingi cita-cita, dibohongi dengan alasan agaman, dan diancam secara verbal oleh HW. Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis seperti apa pelanggaran HAM yang dilakukan pemimpin pondok pesantren kepada santriwati. Metode penelitian menggunakan yuridis empiris karena mengkaji apa yang terjadi di dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan solusi atas pelanggaran HAM yang telah terjadi dan sebagai antisipasi agar tidak terjadi pelanggaran HAM serupa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kekerasan seksual dapat dicegah dengan memberikan pemahaman seksual kepada anak, menyediakan layanan pengaduan, dan adanya kontrol orang tua terhadap anak. Namun, bila kekerasan seksual telah terjadi, maka negara perlu membantu menyediakan akses pendidikan dan akses kesehatan kepada korban, serta menghukum pelaku
Regulasi Regenerasi Petani dalam Konteks Ketahanan Pangan: Sebuah Upaya dan Jaminan Perlindungan Hak Atas Pangan
No full textThere is so much recognition that the availability of land, technology, seeds and weather only determines food security. However, evidence suggests that farmer availability has an important role in overcoming food security challenges. Indirectly, guaranteeing the availability of farmers is an important indicator to ensure the right to food. This article aims to discuss how farmer availability and regeneration are related to food security. This article also wants to reflect on how the availability of adequate policies on agricultural sustainability has an important meaning in guaranteeing the right to food. By using normative legal research and Reform Oriented Research, this article will answer several problems. First, how is the relation between farmer regeneration and food security? Second, what is the state's responsibility to guarantee the right to food? Third, how is the formula of farmer regeneration policies to maintain food security? This article clarifies that farmer availability has a significant influence on food production. This article also finds that the state has an important role in developing agricultural regulations to guarantee food security. At its peak, this article proposes targeted policy support to enable the availability of regulations on farmer regeneration to address food security challenges.Ada begitu banyak pengakuan bahwa ketahanan pangan hanya ditentukan oleh ketersediaan lahan, teknologi, benih, iklim, dan cuaca. Namun, bukti yang berkembang pesat menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan petani juga memiliki peran penting dalam memenuhi tantangan ketahanan pangan. Secara tidak langsung, jaminan ketersediaan petani juga menjadi indikator penting dalam menilai upaya penjaminan hak atas pangan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas sejauh mana ketersediaan petani dan regenerasinya terkait dengan ketahanan pangan.Artikel ini juga ingin merefleksikan bagaimana ketersediaan regulasi terhadap keberlanjutan pertanian yang memadaimemiliki arti penting dalammenjamin hak atas pangan bagiwarga negara.Denganmenggunakan penelitian hukum normatif yang dikolaborasikan denganmetode Reform Oriented Research, penelitian ini akan menjawab beberapa permasalahan. Pertama, bagaimana keterkaitan antara regenerasi petani dan ketahanan pangan? Kedua, bagaimana tanggung jawab negara dalam menjamin hak atas pangan? Ketiga, bagaimana formulasi regulasi regenerasi petani untuk menjaga asa ketahanan pangan? Artikel ini mengklarifikasi bahwa ketersediaan petani memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi pangan. Artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa negara memiliki peran penting dalam membangun regulasi pertanian yang dapat menjamin ketahanan pangan. Puncaknya, artikel ini mengusulkan dukungan regulasi yang terarah untuk memungkinkan tersedianya regulasi tentang regenerasi petani untuk menjawab tantangan ketahanan pangan
Analisis Yuridis terhadap Kewajiban Pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Praktik Bisnis Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit
No full textHuman rights are natural rights inherent in every human being. In the classical human rights paradigm, the state is considered the main actor carrying out obligations to fulfill human rights as stated in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). However, with the emergence of factsregarding the impact of the company's presence in a number of human rights violations, both domestic and multinational, there has been a discourse on the importance of non-state actors to be drawn as stakeholders in the human rights regime through the UNGP Principles in 2011. Agrarian conflicts as a result of the presence of oil palm plantations become a separate problem for business entities in the fulfillment of human rights, especially ESC rights, as a manifestation of the implementation of social and environmental responsibility norms. The method used in this research is normative legal research with a statute approach and a conceptual approach. This study aims to provide a juridical understanding that oil palm plantations as non-state actors also carry out obligations in fulfilling human rights.Hak Asasi Manusia merupakan hak kodrati yang melekat pada setiap insan manusia. Dalam paradigma klasik HAM, negara dianggap sebagai aktor utama pengemban kewajiban pemenuhan HAMsebagaimana disebutkan dalam Kovenan Internasional Hak Sipil dan Politik (SIPOL) dan Kovenan Internasional Hak Ekonomi, Sosial dan Budaya (EKOSOB). Namun, dengan munculnya fakta mengenai dampak kehadiran perusahaan dalam sejumlah pelanggaran HAM, baik domestik maupun multinasional, muncul wacana pentingnya aktor non- negara untuk ditarik sebagai pemangku kewajiban dalam rejim HAM melalui Prinsip UNGP pada tahun 2011. Konflik agraria sebagai akibat dari kehadiran perkebunan kelapa sawit menjadi problem tersendiri bagi entitas bisnis dalam pemenuhan HAM, khususnya Hak EKOSOB, sebagai wujud dari pelaksanaan norma tanggung jawab sosial dan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan statute approach dan conceptual approach. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman yuridis bahwa perkebunan kelapa sawit sebagai aktor non-negara juga mengemban kewajiban dalam pemenuhan HAM