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Enhance the Biodegradation of Anthraceneby Mutation from Bacillus species
Get PDFAnthracene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon causes many problems associated with health and environmental impact. It results from incomplete combustion of fuels present in automobiles and found in high concentrations in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated sediments, surface soils & waste sites. Anthracene serves as a signature compound to detect PAH contamination, since its chemical structure is found in carcinogenic PAHs. Therefore, the present study aimed to isolate bacteria capable of utilizing anthracene as the sole source of carbon and energy. Nine organisms was isolated among the 40 soil samples collected from (industrial area), Bangalore, based on the screening test the organism was selected and identified by 16s RNA sequencing. The organism subjected for optimise at different concentrations of anthracene, pH, temperatures, effect of carbon source and nitrogen source. After optimistaion, the more degradation was showing concentration at 10mg, at pH 5 and temperature at 35oC but effect of nitrogen source, sodium nitrate was showing 60times more degradation and along with that effect of carbon source was increasing nearly 15 times. After UV mutation, the degradation was increased nearly 20 times. The cytochrome oxidase activity was determined which is involved in the degradation of anthracene and the degradation was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Proximate, Minerals and Amino Acids Compositionof Acanthurus monronviae and Lutjanus goreensisFish Muscle
Get PDFThe muscle of two lagoon fishes known as Acanthurus monroviae and Lutjanus goreensis was analysed for proximate, minerals and amino acids compositions. The proximate values were high in crude protein (65.4-68.5g/100 g) and energy (1433-1436 kJ/100 g) but low in most other proximate parameters with calculated fatty acid ranging between 3.61and 4.38 g/100 g. The proportion of total energy due to protein was highest with a range of 77.4-81.2 % and the utilizable energy due to protein was between 46.4 and 48.7 %. The two most concentrated minerals were K (392-419 mg/100 g) and P(219-269 mg/100 g) whereas each of the trace minerals was < 1.0 mg/100 g. For other mineral quality parameters, [K/(Ca+Mg)] was high at value range of 16.4-18.3. The two most abundant essential amino acids were Lys (8.88-9.57 g/100 g) and Leu (8.58-9.31 g/100 g) whereas the two most concentrated non-essential amino acids were Glu (13.4-14.7 g/100 g) and Asp (8.85-10.4 g/100 g). Total essential amino acid (with His) ranged from 47.4-48.5 g/100 g with corresponding percentage of 51.5-50.0. On other amino acid quality parameters: P-PER1, range was 3.09-3.41; EAAI was 1.39-1.44 and BV was 81.6-85.0. For amino acid scores, Ser was limiting in both samples in comparison with whole hen’s egg; under provisional EAA scoring pattern, Val was limiting in the two samples; under EAA of preschool child requirement, no amino acid was limiting since each scorewas > 1.0. In all the parameters determined (proximate, energy, minerals, amino acids, pI, scores), significant differences occurred between the two fish samples since rc > rt at r = 0.01 in each case. In most of the determi-nations made, the corresponding concentrations were more in A. monroviae than in L. goreensi
Study of Peripheral Smear Findings in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in a Tertiary Care Centre
Get PDF Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive disorder associated with significant hematological and biochemical alterations, particularly anemia, thrombocytopenia, and proteinuria. Peripheral smear examination, though simple and cost-effective, provides valuable insights into morphological spectrum of anemia and other blood abnormalities in CKD patients. This study aimed to evaluated the peripheral smear findings and correlate them with clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with CKD.
Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 98 patients diagnosed with CKD at tertiary care centre. Detailed demographic, clinical, biochemical data were collected. Peripheral smear analysis was performed to assess red blood cell (RBC) morphology, leukocyte variations, platelet abnormalities. Serum urea, creatinine, and urine albumin were also evaluated to correlate hematological findings with renal function status.
Results: The study population had a male predominance (60.20%) and most patients were aged 51–75 years (68.37%). Hypertension (39.80%) and diabetes mellitus (36.73%) were the leading comorbidities. Normocytic normochromic anemia was the most common finding (69.39%), followed by microcytic hypochromic anemia (7.14%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 35.71% of cases. Leukocyte abnormalities included neutrophilia (14.29%) and toxic granulations (8.16%). Biochemically, 94.90% of patients had elevated urea levels (>40 mg/dL), and 86.73% had creatinine levels between 1.2–8 mg/dL; 13.27% exceeded 8 mg/dL. Albuminuria was present in over 90% of patients, with 44.90% having 2+ proteinuria.
Conclusion: The predominance of normocytic normochromic anemia and significant platelet and leukocyte abnormalities highlight the hematological burden of CKD. Elevated urea, creatinine, proteinuria confirmed advanced renal dysfunction. Peripheral smear remains an inexpensive yet powerful diagnostic tool, offering critical insights into disease severity and aiding timely interventions. Integrating smear analysis with standard renal function tests can improve CKD management, particularly in resource limited settings.
Analysis of Caesarean Section Rates Using Robson's Group Classification
Get PDFIntroduction: The Caesarean section (CS) rate is steadily increasing worldwide, including in India. The overall CS rates are reported, but the women are classified. According to WHO, Robson ten ten-group classification is useful as a global standard for assessing, monitoring, and comparing caesarean section rates. Our objective was to classify women delivering in our hospital according to various categories as per the 10-group classification (Robson's classification) and to analyze the CS rate in each group.
Material & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Vitthal Rao Vikhe Patil Pravara Rural Hospital, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences. The data was collected for all women delivering in the hospital from February 2023 to April 2023, and the women were classified according to Robson's 10-group classification. The proportion of women delivering in each group, the CS rate of each group, and the relative contribution to the CS rate from each group were calculated.
Results: Among a total of 1506 women delivering during the study period, 37.9% of women were delivered by CS. The maximum no of pregnant women belonged to the primigravida group (groups 1 and 2), 40 %. Major contributors to the CS rate were Group 5 at 33.9%. The next contributors were group 2 and group 1 at 22.2% and 17.8% respectively. Overall, the three groups 1, 2, and 5 contributed 73.9 % of the CS rate, while the other group contributed to only 26.1% of the CS rate.
Conclusions: Applying Robson's criteria to classify pregnant women allowed for easy classification to identify the category of women most likely to have CS. Reducing the primary CS rate and increasing VBAC rates will help to reduce the CS rate
Odontogenic Keratocyst of Mandible in 20 Years Old Male Patient
Get PDFIntroduction: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a benign yet potentially aggressive cystic lesion of odontogenic origin, commonly affecting the posterior mandible in young adults. It is characterized by a high recurrence rate and distinctive histopathological features. This case report presents a 20-year-old male who reported right mandibular pain and swelling following a road traffic accident. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) revealed a large, well-defined multiloculated radiolucent lesion extending to the condylar base with cortical expansion but no soft tissue invasion. Ultrasonography confirmed a hypoechoic cystic lesion, and fine-needle aspiration cytology was inconclusive. Histopathological examination revealed parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with palisading basal cells, consistent with OKC. Surgical management involved enucleation, peripheral ostectomy, and application of Carnoy's solution. The procedure was completed under general anesthesia via an intraoral approach, with care taken to preserve vital structures, including the inferior alveolar nerve. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with resolution of symptoms within a week, no infection or nerve injury, and normal masticatory function. Follow-up radiographs at one and three months showed progressive bone healing, and no recurrence was noted at six months. This case emphasizes the importance of detailed imaging, histopathological correlation, and a multidisciplinary surgical approach in successfully managing OKC. The use of adjunctive chemical cauterization and vigilant follow-up contributed to the favorable short-term outcome. The findings support evidence in the literature regarding individualized surgical planning and long-term monitoring to prevent recurrence and ensure optimal recovery in young patients
Relationship of Femoral Artery Ultrasound Measures of Atherosclerosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Assessing Atherosclerosis in CKD Via fIMT
No full textBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) substantially elevates the risk of cardiovascular complications, including peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the traditional method for PAD screening—the ankle-brachial index (ABI)—may be less effective in CKD patients due to vascular calcification, which can compromise the sensitivity of the test. Given this limitation, the study investigates femoral artery intima-media thickness (fIMT) as a potential early marker of atherosclerosis in individuals with CKD.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences between April and September 2024. The study included 50 CKD patients under 50 years of age who underwent lower limb Doppler ultrasonography. Femoral artery intima-media thickness and the presence of plaques were assessed using a high-frequency ultrasound probe. The ABI was calculated for each patient, and renal function was evaluated using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Additional clinical and demographic data including diabetes, hypertension, and smoking status were recorded.Results: Among the 50 participants, 18% showed increased femoral IMT, while 40% had detectable femoral artery plaques. The presence of plaques was more common in males, diabetics, hypertensives, and smokers. A significant positive correlation was observed between plaque formation and declining eGFR levels. Importantly, some patients with normal ABI values still demonstrated plaque presence on ultrasound, indicating that ABI alone may miss early or subclinical PAD in CKD populations.Conclusion: Femoral artery ultrasonography proved valuable in identifying early atherosclerotic changes in CKD patients, especially in cases where ABI results were within the normal range. These findings suggest that measuring fIMT and detecting plaques via ultrasound can serve as effective, non-invasive methods for early PAD detection in CKD, potentially enabling earlier intervention and improved cardiovascular risk management in this high-risk group
A Clinical Study on Appendicular Perforation and its Management
Get PDF Introduction: Appendicular perforation (AP) is a severe complication of acute appendicitis, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to evaluate the clinical profile, intraoperative findings, and postoperative complications in patients with appendicular perforation. Aim and Objective: To analyse the prevalence, clinical presentation, surgical outcomes, and complications of appendicular perforation compared to nonperforated appendicitis. Materials & Methods: A prospective study was conducted over one year, including 90 patients diagnosed and surgically managed for acute appendicitis and its complications. Data on demographic details, clinical features, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analysed statistically. Results: Out of 90 patients, 25 (27.8%) had appendicular perforation, with a male predominance (76%, p=0.04). Appendicular perforation was most prevalent in children aged 0–10 years (46.15%) and adults 50 years (40%). Late presentation (≥72 hours) was observed in 88% of perforation cases (p=0.02). Fever was significantly more common in perforation cases (72%) than nonperforated appendicitis (41.5%, p=0.0096). The distal third of the appendix was the most common perforation site (56%). Postoperative complications, including surgical site infection (28%, p=0.01) and prolonged ileus (16%, p=0.027), were higher in perforation cases, with a median hospital stays of six days. Conclusion: Appendicular perforation predominantly affects males, extremes of age, and those with delayed presentations. It is associated with higher rates of fever, distal appendix perforation, and postoperative complications, including infections and ileus. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to reducing morbidity.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Non-Traumatic Hip Pain
No full textAim: This study aims to evaluate the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in diagnosing non-traumatic hip pain, focusing on identifying various pathologies, including Avascular Necrosis (AVN), and assessing MRI’s diagnostic accuracy. Introduction: Non- traumatic hip pain can arise from several musculoskeletal and systemic conditions, with Avascular Necrosis (AVN) being one of the most common causes. MRI has become the preferred modality for evaluating hip pathologies due to its ability to provide detailed images of both bone and soft tissue structures. This study investigates the role of MRI in diagnosing these conditions and identifies the prevalence of different hip disorders. MRI is essential not only for detecting common issues like AVN but also for identifying rare conditions, such as tumors and infections, that contribute to hip pain. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bangalore, from July to December 2023. A total of 43 patients (28 males, 15 females) with non-traumatic hip pain underwent MRI evaluation to identify the underlying causes of their symptoms. Results: The most common diagnosis was Avascular Necrosis (AVN), with 30.2% of cases having bilateral AVN. The study also identified AVN (unilateral) in 9.3% of patients. Additionally, tumors such as metastasis/myeloma accounted for 4.6% of cases. Other diagnoses included trochanteric bursitis, hip joint synovitis, and tubercular arthropathy. MRI was critical in diagnosing these conditions, particularly AVN, and was instrumental in early-stage detection. Conclusion: MRI plays a vital role in diagnosing non-traumatic hip pain, particularly Avascular Necrosis. It offers superior diagnostic accuracy, allowing for early detection of hip disorders, including tumors, infections, and other musculoskeletal pathologies. Early diagnosis through MRI enables timely interventions, improving patient outcomes and preventing further complications
Congenital Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia
Get PDF Background: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is the leading cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in neonates and infants. It is most often associated with ABCC8 and KCNJ11 mutations, and early recognition is vital to prevent neurodevelopmental sequelae. Although genetic testing has improved diagnosis and management, the detection of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) presents challenges for interpretation and counselling.
Case Presentation: We describe a male neonate, delivered at 36 weeks by emergency cesarean section for oligohydramnios and abnormal CTG. Soon after birth, he developed respiratory distress requiring NICU admission and ventilatory support. During his stay, he experienced recurrent hypoglycaemic seizures. Biochemical evaluation confirmed hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia. He was treated with diazoxide and hydrochlorothiazide, achieving good glycaemic control. Clinical exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous ABCC8 variant (c.4078G>A; p.Val1360Met), classified as a VUS, associated with leucine sensitive hypoglycaemia of infancy.
Discussion & Conclusion: This case highlights the clinical relevance of integrating genetic results with phenotype and therapeutic response in CHI. The identification of an ABCC8 VUS underscores the limitations of current genetic interpretation and the importance of careful follow-up. Preconception counselling, family testing, and ongoing variant reclassification are critical to guide recurrence risk and optimize future pregnancy outcomes.
Study of Serum Electrolytes in Patients Presenting with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Get PDFIntroduction: Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia and hypokalemia, are common in acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and may worsen outcomes.
Aim & Objective: To assess the prevalence and impact of serum electrolyte imbalances, specifically hyponatremia and hypokalemia, in patients with AECOPD.
Materials & Methods: A prospective observational study included 113 AECOPD patients admitted to G.R. Medical College, Gwalior (May 2023–Sept 2024). Serum sodium and potassium were measured at admission and discharge. Clinical severity was assessed using mMRC and qSOFA scores, and associations with smoking status, ECG findings, recovery, hospital stay, and mortality were analyzed.
Results: Most patients were male (79.6%), smokers (61.9%), and aged >70 years (45.1%). Hyponatremia and hypokalemia were observed in 55.8% and 43.4%, respectively, and were significantly associated with smoking. Lower electrolyte levels correlated with higher mMRC and qSOFA scores (p<0.05). Patients with electrolyte imbalances had delayed recovery, prolonged hospitalization, and higher mortality, with the worst outcomes in those with both imbalances. ECG changes, including sinus tachycardia and pulmonale, were more frequent in patients with these disturbances.
Conclusion: Hyponatremia and hypokalemia are prevalent in AECOPD and linked to increased disease severity, longer hospital stay, and higher mortality. Early detection and correction of these imbalances are crucial to improve outcomes