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Effect of Process Parameters on the Extraction ofColchicine from Colchicum autumnale L Seeds
Get PDFPhytocompounds play a vital role in our lives since nowadays people rely more on herbal sources of drugs to be used for curing various ailments or to be used prophylactically in the form of neutraceutical.One such plant used to cure certain ailments is Colchicum autumnale L., whose medicinal benefit is attributed to the phytocompound colchicine present in it. The present study focused on studying the effect of two process parameters viz solvents of varying polarity and mode of extraction on the extraction of colchicine from Colchicum autumnale L. seeds. Solvents used included ethanol, methanol, chloroform and acetone whereas three methods of extraction were opted included maceration, reflux and soxhelation. Maceration extracted 0.939,1.072, 0.714 and 0.352 %w/w of colchicine in methanol, ethanol, chloroform and acetone respectively. For reflux, the results were- 2.6, 3.34, 1.91 and 0.483%w/w respectively for ethanol, methanol, and chloroform and acetone.In case of soxhelation the resultswere 2.63% w/w in ethanol, 3.49% w/w in methanol, 2.34% w/w in chloroform and 0.774% w/w in acetone. Thus, it was concluded from the study work that soxhelation proved to the best mode of extraction and methanol was identified as the most effective solvent for extracting colchicine. Furthurmore, since our study revolves around conventional modes of extraction, the work might be useful for areas where modern extraction techniques still are unavailable
What is NMC Indexed or NMC Approved Journals?
Get PDF The National Medical Commission (NMC) released guidelines in 2021 regarding faculty eligibility and journal indexing for research publications in medical institutions. To address the confusion surrounding journal selection, the term “NMCindexed Journal” was introduced to refer to journals indexed in Medline, PubMed Central, Science Citation Index, Science Citation Index Expanded, Embase, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). These guidelines impact faculty promotions, making it essential to verify journal indexing before submission. Many medical professionals face challenges in identifying credible journals, as misleading claims about indexing are common. Predatory journals often advertise fast-track publication services for commercial gains, which can misguide researchers. Verification through official indexing databases such as DOAJ, Scopus, PubMed, and Clarivate Analytics is crucial to ensure legitimacy. Faculty members should check journal indexing at the time of publication and confirm the presence of print and online ISSN numbers. Additionally, a journal's classification as international requires editorial board representation from multiple countries and international manuscript submissions. Newly established journals are often ineligible for recognized indexing, necessitating scrutiny before submission. To aid researchers in journal selection, a web tool (https://nmcindexedjournals.org/) has been developed to verify journal indexing as per NMC guidelines. This platform helps differentiate between legitimate indexed journals and predatory ones, promoting ethical publication practices and enhancing research credibility. Ensuring adherence to NMC indexing criteria is vital for maintaining academic integrity and the quality of medical literature.
Robotic-Assisted Myomectomy of a Deeply Impacted Retroperitoneal Fibroid Running Head: Robotic Myomectomy of Retroperitoneal Fibroid
Get PDF Background: Retroperitoneal fibroids are rare benign smooth muscle tumors accounting for approximately 1.2% of all uterine leiomyomas. Their atypical extrauterine location often leads to diagnostic uncertainty and may mimic pelvic malignancies. Minimally invasive and robotic-assisted surgical approaches have recently expanded therapeutic options for such complex cases.
Case Presentation: A 49-year-old multiparous woman presented with heavy menstrual bleeding and dull pelvic pain for one year. Clinical examination revealed a firm, immobile mass in the rectovaginal septum. MRI identified a 7×6×5 cm retroperitoneal fibroid with degenerative changes compressing the rectum, along with two smaller uterine fibroids. Tumor markers were normal. The patient underwent robotic-assisted hysterectomy with concomitant myomectomy using the da Vinci Xi system. The retroperitoneal fibroid was safely dissected and delivered vaginally without intraoperative complications.
Result: Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged after 48 hours. Histopathology confirmed benign leiomyoma. At one-month follow-up, she remained asymptomatic.
Conclusion: Robotic-assisted surgery provides enhanced visualization and precision, enabling safe removal of deeply impacted retroperitoneal fibroids with minimal morbidity. This case highlights the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted management in complex gynecologic surgery.
Unmasking the Hidden Uterine Cavity: Laparoscopic Excision of ACUM in an Adolescent Girl
Get PDFIntroduction: Accessory Cavitated Uterine Malformation (ACUM) is a rare congenital Müllerian anomaly characterized by a non-communicating accessory uterine cavity lined with functional endometrial tissue. It is usually located near the uterine cornua and presents in young, nulliparous women with severe dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain. Due to its rarity and overlapping features with other gynecological disorders, ACUM is often misdiagnosed, delaying appropriate management.
Case Presentation: An 18-year-old nulliparous female presented with severe, cyclical lower abdominal pain and dysmenorrhea persisting for three years, unresponsive to conventional medical therapy. Pelvic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined intramyometrial cystic lesion near the right uterine horn, not communicating with the endometrial cavity, suggestive of ACUM. Laparoscopic evaluation confirmed the diagnosis, and the lesion was excised completely. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient reported complete resolution of dysmenorrhea during follow-up.
Discussion: ACUM results from a developmental anomaly involving the Müllerian ducts, leading to the formation of an accessory uterine cavity with functional endometrium. The condition mimics endometriosis, adenomyosis, or uterine fibroids on imaging. MRI serves as the diagnostic modality of choice due to its superior soft-tissue characterization. Surgical excision of the accessory cavity is curative and provides long-term symptom relief, preserving fertility.
Conclusion: ACUM, though rare, should be considered in young women presenting with refractory dysmenorrhea or chronic pelvic pain. Early recognition and laparoscopic excision result in excellent symptom resolution and improved quality of life
Intracameral use of Moxifloxacin in Prevention of Endophthalmitis after Cataract Surgery in a Tertiary Care Centre
Get PDFIntroduction: Postoperative endophthalmitis is a rare but vision-threatening complication of cataract surgery. The use of intracameral antibiotics, particularly moxifloxacin, has gained attention as a preventive measure due to its broad-spectrum coverage and safety profile.
Aim & Objective: To determine the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery and to evaluate the preventive efficacy of intracameral moxifloxacin.
Material & Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months in a tertiary care ophthalmology department and included 2000 patients undergoing cataract surgery by a single surgeon to ensure consistency. Patients were divided into two groups: 1000 received intracameral moxifloxacin and 1000 served as controls. Adults above 18 years providing written consent were included, while those with traumatic or complicated cataracts, combined surgeries, or intraoperative complications were excluded. Data on demographics, intraoperative events, and postoperative infection were analyzed using STATA software.
Result: The overall incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis was 0.25% (5/2000 patients). Among those, one case occurred in the moxifloxacin group and four in the control group. Most patients (over 90%) had uneventful surgeries, while posterior capsule rent was observed in 7–8% of cases. Causative organisms included Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All affected patients presented with pain, lid edema, corneal edema, and hypopyon, with visual outcomes ranging from 6/60 to no light perception.
Conclusion: The study observed a low incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis consistent with global data. Although intracameral moxifloxacin did not show a statistically significant reduction in infection rates, it remains a safe adjunct. Posterior capsule rent was a key risk factor, emphasizing meticulous surgical technique and infection control
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Traditional Aromatic RiceUsing Molecular Markers
Get PDFThe study was undertaken to assess the genetic diversity on the basis of molecular characterization among 48 traditional aromatic rice varieties of India. It is very important for germplasm management, varietal identification, and DNA fingerprinting. Twenty four ISSR markers were studied across 48 traditional aromatic rice to characterize and discriminate among different varieties. A total of 151 polymorphic alleles were detected whereas 37 monomorphic alleles were detected. Polymorphic information content (PIC) was found to be the highest in primer (AM-8) and lowest in primer UBC-840. The morphological attributes like panicle number, grain length, no. of fertile grains/panicle and potential yield showed significantvariation among the genotype. The morphological attributes are closely resemblance with molecular analysis. Result revealed that the primer AM-8 might be the best marker for identification and diversity estimation of aromatic rice varieties, followed by AM-4, AM-1, UBC-818 and UBC-850 primers. The UPGMA cluster dendrogram created in this study identified two clusters with a similarity coefficient of 53%. The genotype pair (‘Dangerbasumati’ and ‘Gangaballi’) showed the maximum similarity (0.93) among the 48 aromatic genotypes. The ISSR polymorphism and diversity could likely be attributed to pedigree. This study offered a rapid and reliable method for the estimation of variability between different traditional aromatic rice varieties which could be utilized by the breeders for further improvement of the aromatic rice varieties
Comparative Study of Vermicast and CharcoalUsed as a Carrier Inoculums to theBiofertilizer Preparation
Get PDFThe high cost of fertilizer production and environmental pollution caused by the use of these fertilizers makes necessary to use other sources especially biofertilizers. The biomass of the bacterium Azotobacter can be used as a biofertilizer due to its ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphere. The purpose of this research was to study the survival of bacteria Azotobacter on different carrier such as vermicast and charcoal. The physical and chemical parameters of the carriers were analyzed to determine the effect of carrier in the survival of bacteria. Bacterial population inoculated in carriers were measured at times 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days by colony forming unit. Theresults of bacterial count after 15 days incubation showed that bacterial population in vermicast was increased and decreased in the charcoal. Considering these results, the use of vermicast as carrier could increase the survival of bacteria
Cervical Tuberculosis in a Young Reproductive age Female Mimicking Cervical Cancer: A Rare Differential Diagnosis
Get PDF Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health challenge, with extrapulmonary cases comprising up to 40%. Genital tract TB significantly impacts reproductive-age women, yet cervical involvement is exceedingly rare, representing only 0.1–0.65% of TB cases. When present, it closely mimics cervical carcinoma both clinically and radiologically, leading to serious diagnostic dilemmas and potential mismanagement, often resulting in unnecessary radical surgical interventions if histopathological confirmation is not pursued.
Aim and Objectives: This case report emphasizes cervical tuberculosis as a rare differential diagnosis in reproductive-age women with malignant-appearing cervical lesions. Its objectives are to describe the clinical and diagnostic features of cervical TB and to highlight the importance of histopathology in distinguishing it from carcinoma, ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.
Materials and Methods: A young multiparous woman with persistent vaginal discharge and post-coital bleeding underwent pelvic examination, baseline investigations, and cervical biopsy. Histopathological analysis including Ziehl–Neelsen staining was performed. Standard anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) was initiated, and clinical follow-up at six months was undertaken to assess response.
Results: Per speculum examination revealed an irregular friable cervical growth resembling carcinoma. Routine investigations and chest X-ray were normal, and HIV serology was negative. Histopathology showed epithelioid granulomas with caseous necrosis, and Ziehl–Neelsen stain confirmed acid-fast bacilli, establishing cervical TB.After six months ofATT, the lesion completely regressed, confirming an excellent therapeutic outcome.
Conclusion: Cervical tuberculosis, though rare, must be considered in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma-like cervical lesions in young women. Histopathology remains crucial for accurate diagnosis, and timely ATT ensures curative outcomes while preventing unnecessary radical surgery.
Clinical Profile, Management, and Outcomes of Penile Fracture: A Case Series of Four Patients
Get PDFBackground: Penile fracture is an uncommon urological emergency that requires prompt surgical management to prevent long-term complications such as erectile dysfunction and penile curvature.
Material & Methods: We present a case series of four patients with penile fracture managed surgically at our institution. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, operative findings, surgical methods, and outcomes were analyzed.
Results: The mean age was 45.7 years (range: 35–58). The duration from injury to presentation varied between 6 and 48 hours. Sexual intercourse was the most common cause (three cases, 75%), with one case resulting from accidental fall on an erect penis. All patients presented with penile pain, swelling, and immediate detumescence; two reported an audible 'snap'. Intraoperative findings revealed tunical tears in the right corpora cavernosa (n=2), left corpora cavernosa (n=1), and bilateral corpora cavernosa (n=1). Surgical repair was performed using subcoronal degloving in three patients and direct incision in one. No urethral injuries were noted. Postoperatively, one patient developed wound infection, managed conservatively. At follow-up, three patients had normal erectile function, while one developed mild penile curvature with preserved functional erections.
Conclusion: Early surgical repair of penile fracture results in favorable outcomes. Our series reinforces the importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention to preserve sexual function.
LI-FRAUMENI SYNDROME IN A PATIENT WITH FAMILIAL HYPERLIPIDEMIA FROM WESTERN IRAN, A CASE REPORT
Get PDFMutations of germ-cell line TP53 gene are mainly reported in Li–Fraumeni syndrome(LFS). LFS-associated breast cancers are both hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive. The purpose of this study is presentation of one case of LFS, associated with familialhy perlipidemias. A 52-year-old woman referred to clinic of oncology with a pain in the left breast. Her pathology report showed that she had breast cancer and computed tomography scan showed no evidence of metastasis. Markers of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and p53 were positive, IHC3+ and Ki67 in 20% of cells. We report the first case of a LFS patient with breast cancer and familial hyperlipidemias in Iran who ER, PR, P53 and HER-2 markers for her are positive. Also it is probably that LFS-associated cancer and atherosclerosis diseases are related to each other.KEYWORDS: Germ-Line Mutation, Hyperlipidemias, Li-Fraumeni Syndrom