Dataverse World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
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Replication Data for: Effectiveness of Grassroots Organisations in the Dissemination of Agroforestry Innovations.
No full textThe aim of the study was to determine the performance of relay organisations involved in agroforestry innovations. Four ICRAF staff members were interviewed as resource persons to inventory agroforestry innovations developed with ROs and to identify criteria for selection and evaluation of ROs. The second category of respondents was composed of leaders of the 8 ROs selected for this study. Information collected at this level included general information about the ROs, their human, financial and material resources and their involvement in the participatory development of agroforestry innovations. Semi-structured interviews were then held with the leaders of 27 farmer groups in order to identify innovations received at group level, dissemination approaches used by the ROs and group achievements in terms of agroforestry. At the level of individual farmers, 76 group members (35 women) and 7 farmers (all male) who stopped collaboration with the ROs were interviewed to record which of the agroforestry innovations they had adopted and whether they were satisfied with the support given by the ROs
Replication data for: Characterisation of Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth (Ebaye) in tropical rainforest of Cameroon
No full textThe study was carried out in tropical rainforest of Cameroon to assess growth and seed characterictics of Pentaclethra macrophylla tree. In total 49 trees were randomly sampled in the two selected localiies namely Lomie (30) and Djoum (19) and the following parametres were measured:tree height, DBH, tree crown diameter, maximun and minimum seed per fruit, seed length, seed diameter, seed thickness, seed and nut weight
Prioritizing Underutilized Tree Species for Domestication in Smallholder Systems of West Java
No full textThis paper provides an overview of a tree species prioritization study of underutilized tree species in a participatory tree domestication program for smallholders in Indonesia. The study was conducted in three villages of Nanggung subdistrict, Bogor district via farmer surveys, focus group discussion, SWOT analysis and evaluation of markets and germplasm sources. Five priority species were identified: Manglietia glauca, Parkia speciosa, Durio zibethinus, Gmelina arborea and Sandoricum koetjape. These species are promising components of agroforestry systems to enhance smallholder livelihoods and can grow under the low management conditions common in smallholder systems. They represent indigenous and exotic tree types that produce timber, fruit or spices within the domestication continuum. Furthering the domestication and utilization of these species requires the identification and dissemination of available germplasm sources, the dissemination of high-quality germplasm and the development of farmer-friendly propagation and tree management practices. Also, as with most smallholder systems, the marketing practices for the products of these five species require improvement, starting with the production of reliable quantities of high quality tree products
Land use maps of Upper reaches of Changhua Watershed, Hainan
No full textTo protect biodiversity and improve environmental conditions, China has invested billions of dollars in reforestation and payments for ecosystem service programs. Here, we examine the Sloping Land Conversion Program, the largest such programin the world and found that after 13 years of implementation at our study site, it has had negative impacts on natural tropical forests. GIS and remote sensing techniques revealed that both natural forests and natural shrub and grasslands were replaced by non-native monocultural plantations on Hainan Island, China, a key tropical biodiversity hotspot. Under current Chinese policy, these plantations are classified simply as forests, with the assumption that they are equivalent to natural forests. This lack of a distinction in forest quality has led to substantial deforestation and plantation expansion, including encroachment into protected areas on Hainan. Additional social and economic drivers of these changes were identified by examining the participants in this program and their actions. Without a new ecologically based definition of forests and new goals for reforestation, such programs designed to improve ecosystem services, and fores
t quality may actually threaten remaining natural forests and other vegetation types in Hainan and in other areas of mainland China
Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) for livelihoods and biodiversity conservation in the orangutan habitat of Batang Toru, North Sumatra, Indonesia: mixed prospects for domestication
No full textDomestication of desirable forest resources in agroforestry is expected to contribute to community based forest conservation efforts, but there may be an optimum level of domestication in this respect. Aren or sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) is a multipurpose tree that provides livelihoods for local people and food for other biota in the landscape. However, its domestication is still limited in many places, such as in Batang Toru Forest Block, an area of high conservation value, including habitat for the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii). Options for aren management were prioritized as part of a landscape-scale conservation study by comparing domestication levels in the area. Data on economic indicators and ecological knowledge were gathered through interviews with key farmers, focus groups and transect walks. Four representative villages were selected for the study, that is, (i) two villages with no domestication of aren; and (ii) two villages with aren cultivation in rubber-based land-use systems. Costbenefit analyses suggested that in a rich biodiversity area, such as Batang Toru, although aren was one of the sources of local livelihoods, additional investment for domestication beyond cultivation was not an option considered by farmers. Farmers still perceived wildlife as an efficient mode of aren regeneration, supported by
the coexistence of people and other biota in the area. It appears the value of aren for local people'ÃÂs livelihoods and conservation can be enhanced by increasing its stocking density. There is also scope for improving market access and share of end-user value received by farmers
Replication data for: Management, use and ecology of medicinal plants in the degraded dry lands of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia.
No full textAn ethnomedicinal study was conducted to document the indigenous medicinal plant knowledge on the management, use, and ecology of locally important medicinal plants in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Ethnobotanical data were collected from 250 people, using semi-structured questionnaires, field observation and informal disc
ussion. The ethnomedicinal use of 259 plant species mainly herbs (31 to 51%), shrubs (31 to 46%) and trees (13 to 39%) used to treat 147 human and livestock ailments were documented in the study area. The most frequently used plant part were roots (49%), followed by leaves (37%) and bark (14%)... Crushing (59%), homogenizing with ingredients (17%) and chewing (14%) were the commonly used forms of herbal preparation. Drinking (45%), smoke inhalation (12%) and tie and hold on (10%) were the most frequently used methods of application. Most of the medicinal plants are collected from the wild. The use of more than one species was reported for remedy preparations and some health problems were treated by more than one medicinal plant. Our result showed that the local communities give less attention for the management of medicinal plants as local communities consider medicinal plants as wild, have unattractive market value and lack of knowledge. The mismanagement together with loss of habitat showed that ethnomedicinal plant species used by healers are under serious threat which indicates the need for urgent attention towards their documentation, conservation and sustainable utilization
Land Health: Carbon Benefit Project (CBP), KENYA
No full textThis the data used to test the soil carbon measuring and monitoring protocol in five sentinel sites in Western Kenya
Agent-based Social Simulation of Government Incentives for Diversifying Rubber in Yunnan, China
No full textMonoculture rubber plantations are conquering Southeast Asian landscapes at an unprecedented rate. The district of Xishuangbanna is not only the epitome of Chinese
biodiversity but also China's cradle of rubber framing. Driven by accelerated rubber demand
and rising rubber prices, large forest areas have been converted into rubber plantations. This leads to a clash between the political goal to conserve biodiversity and heritage landscapes - both driving the rapidly emerging tourism industry - and economic aspirations at household and district levels. Currently, policy options are discussed to change incentives that better balance conserva
tion and economics. The policy process invited this research to inform the political debate. One of the methods used d
uring this participatory process was agent-based social simulation, revealing a few surprising insights in potentially perverse outcomes of payments for ecosystem services to convert monoculture rubber into green rubber. As an outcome of this modeling-based initiative the current debate revised previously drafted payment schemes and reconsiders regulatory approaches
Replication data for: Jenis-jenis Kelelawar Khas Agroforest Sumatera : Teknik Survey & Identifikasi
No full textThe book is a guideline to conduct survey on bats, both Macrochiroptera and Microchiroptera, using two traps, e.g. mist net and harp trap. The book also provides key determination of Chriptera, and description of 48 species of Macrochiroptera and Microchiroptera founds in several land use types in Sumatra, e.g. North Sumatra and Jambi provinces, in particular
Replication data for: Germination requirements of Allanblackia parviflora seeds and early growth of seedlings
No full textAllanblackia parviflora A. Chev, is an indigenous fruit tree species that could be used in agroforestry systems with both environmental and economic benefits. The seed oil is of prime importance as a foreign exchange earner and is being eveloped as a rural based enterprise in many African countries notably Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon and Tanzania. Methods for propagation and conservation of the species are therefore of prime importance. The seeds of the species are however difficult to germinate hindering its domestication process. Allanblackia parviflora seeds were collected from seven different populations in Ghana and were subjected to four different seed germination trials at the nursery of CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana at Fumesua, Kumasi. This was followed by studying the effect of stage of seed germination on establishment after potting. Intact seeds began germination at 7 months after sowing and at 24 months, significant (P\0.001) variations were obse
rved in the seed germination ability of 74 accessions. Mean seed germination ranged from 0 to 35%. Significant differences in seed germination percentages among populations (P\0.001) and provenances (P\0.05) were also observed. Removal of seed coat significantly (P\0.001) enhanced seed germination. Germination percentages of seeds with seed coat removed ranged from 6 to 43% while seed germination percentages for intact seeds were less or equal to 3%. Incubation of seeds with seed coat removed in polythene bags gave an added advantage. Seeds with seed coat removed and kept in polythene bags started germinating from 2 weeks and within 10 months, 75 and 68% germination were obtained for plane and black polythene bags, respectively. Removal of germinants and potting when shoot length was at least 1 cm gave significantly higher growth (P\0.001 for shoot height, P\0.05 for stem diameter, P\0.001 for number of leaves produced) compared to when only radicle had emerged. It became evident in this study that seeds should be classified as fully germinated only when shoots begin to grow