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The Practice of Development Journalism in Dimtsi Woyane International: Medeb Hirsha (Agricultural Program) in Focus
No full textThis thesis investigates the practice of DJ in Dimtsi Woyane International (DWI), with a particular focus on the agricultural program Medeb Hirsha, broadcast on both radio and television. The study aims to assess how DJ principles such as participatory communication, empowerment, and advocacy are applied in the program and how effectively these principles contribute to agricultural development in the Tigray region. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with journalists, media managers, and farmers and quantitative data from a comprehensive content analysis of all 53 episodes (48 Radio and 5 TV) aired during the 2016 Ethiopian calendar year. The findings reveal that while the Medeb Hirsha program demonstrates notable efforts to inform and educate farmers, the application of DJ principles is inconsistent. Reporters exhibited varying degrees of understanding regarding DJ, and participatory elements were often constrained by institutional limitations and editorial norms. Nevertheless, the program was found to moderately influence farmers’ awareness, attitudes, and decision-making in agricultural practices. This study contributes to the academic discourse on DJ by offering evidence-based insights into the program's implementation, highlighting both its strengths and areas for improvement. It also provides actionable recommendations aimed at enhancing participatory communication and reinforcing policy support for agricultural media programming in the regional contex
Impact of network embeddedness and Innovation Capability on the Innovation performance of SMEs through Innovation Openness
No full textSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are essential for promoting innovation in economies. The process of developing novel concepts, procedures, goods, services, or solutions that significantly improve and add value is known as innovation. The idea of network embeddedness holds that social relationships impact an organization's economic behavior and that businesses can leverage their social networks to support their growth. The majority of empirical research on innovation focuses on high-tech, large-scale businesses in industrialized nations, and Ethiopia, the impact of network embeddedness and innovation capability on innovation performance has not been investigated before. The study aims to examine the impact of network embeddedness and innovation capability on innovation performance and the mediating role of innovation openness of SMEs. The study used an explanatory research methodology and a structured questionnaire to gather primary data from 222 manufacturing small and medium enterprises operating in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS v20 and AMOS v20 and confirmed factor analysis (CFA) was employed to assess the validity and reliability of the results. The findings of the study revealed that network embeddedness has a significant impact on open innovation and innovation performance of SME firms. Furthermore, product innovation capability has a significant impact on open innovation. Although product innovation capability has an insignificant impact on the innovation performance of SMEs. Additionally, open innovation has a significant indirect effect between network embeddedness, and product capability on the innovation performance of SMEs. The findings of this study provide to maintain innovation performance based on the theoretical concept of social network theory and resource-based view and Firm owners/ managers, and policymakers should continuously enhance their innovation capabilities
Factors affecting the performance of women entrepreneurs in micro and small enterprises in case of Atsbi Endasilasie Town
No full textEntrepreneurial activities play a critical role in the development and well-being of societies. Different sources argue that globally women have started businesses in significantly greater numbers over the past two decades, though gender inequality in entrepreneurship continues to be prominent when compared to the traditional labor market. In Ethiopia, the importance of enterprises owned by women entrepreneurs is noticed on different documents like industrial policy, micro and small enterprises development strategy, and the growth and transformation plan one and two to accelerate growth and reduce poverty. Despite this, both the growth and performance of women-owned micro and small enterprises remain a concern, although women entrepreneurship has gained popularity in the country with a growing number of women to start and run their own business.
The aim of the study was assessing the key factors affecting the performance of women entrepreneurs in micro and small enterprises in Atsbi endasilasie town, Tigray. Stratified sampling method was used to select the given sample size and primary and secondary data was also used. The descriptive and inferential analyses findings were assessed in terms of different variables such as demographic characteristics of the study participants, economic, social, cultural and legal/administrative characteristics of the study participants.
According to the coefficient of determination result, response variable was explained by the 71.1% explanatory factors (economic, social, cultural, and legal/administrative factors) and the assumption of multiple linear regressions such as variance inflation factor, test overall model, and the correlation analysis was also fulfilled.
The results of inferential statistics i.e. multiple regression analysis that, there is statistically significant relationship between economic, social, cultural and legal/administrative factors and performance of women entrepreneurs in micro and small enterprises. Concluded that the findings of the study imply that economic, social, cultural and legal/administrative factors have significant effect on the performance of women entrepreneurs in Atsbi endasilasie Town
TEACHERS’ CONTINUOUS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND ITS PRACTICES IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF MEKELLE CITY ADMINISTRATION
No full textThe main objective of the study was to assess policy and practice of teachers’ Continuous Professional Development Program (CPD) in selected governmental secondary schools of Mekelle City Administration. To achieve this objective, descriptive survey research design was employed. And, the study follows both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study was conducted in 7 government secondary schools found in seven sub-cities of Mekelle City Administration. These 7 schools were selected out of 13 schools by using simple random
sampling technique. In this way, one secondary school from each sub-city was selected to assure representations. In the seven selected governmental secondary schools, there were 501 teachers and from these the researcher selected 255 teachers using stratified random sampling technique. In addition, purposive sampling was used to select 21 school leaders out of 28 (i.e. seven vice principals, seven principals and seven cluster supervisors). Totally, 276 participants were selected for this study (255 teachers, 7 vice-principals, 7 principals and 7 cluster supervisors. Data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The instruments used to collect the data were questionnaire, structured interview and document analysis. A questionnaire having a set of 36 close-ended items was prepared in a five-point rating scales to secure data regarding involvement of teachers in CPD activities, teachers’ perceptions on importance of CPD program, challenges in the implementation of teachers’ CPD program and school leaders support of implementation of CPD program. Structured interview was conducted with school leaders for issues related to implementation of CPD program in their respective schools. CPDrelated documents which show its status of implementation for two consecutive academic years, that 2018/19 and 2019/20 (2011 & 2012 E.C.) were collected. To analyze the data a combination of quantitative (descriptive and inferential statistics) and qualitative data analysis methods were employed. Descriptive statistics such as counts, percentage, mean and standard deviation; and inferential statistics such as One-way ANOVA, and Two-way ANOVA were employed. Findings revealed that, teachers’ involvement in CPD activities or practices is moderately low. Teachers perceive that CPD program have moderately low importance in helping and/or improving their teaching practice. Major challenges affecting implementation of CPD programs in schools are forwarded by both teachers and school leaders. School leaders’ support of CPD program is found to be low. These results are also confirmed by interview and document analysis. Creating awareness regarding research as responsibility of every teacher; giving training for the teachers on how to accumulate portfolios; coaching teachers on how best to support teachers as they engage in the collaborative work of CPD and creating and sharing clear CPD time and budget in discussion with teachers are some of the recommendations of this study
Ziziphus Spina-Christi population status and socioeconomic contributions in Tanqua-Millash Woreda, Tigray, Ethiopia
No full textTrees are crucial for the livelihoods and food security of rural households, especially those providing direct and indirect benefits. This thesis focuses on Ziziphus Spina-Christi, aiming to examine its population status, production capacity, economic contribution, and social importance in the Tanqua-Millash Woreda of Tigray, Ethiopia. Data were collected using purposive sampling from two Tabias known for Ziziphus Spina-Christi prevalence, along with systematic random sampling of 138 households. Quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were captured through key informant interviews, enhancing the understanding of community practices related to the tree. Tree height metrics were measured, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Findings indicate notable differences in the population status of Ziziphus SpinaChristi based on sex and wealth classification. The average male abundance was higher at Sheka-tekli (19) compared to Amdi-woyane (13), while females exhibited a higher mean at Sheka-wekli (20) than at Amdi-woyane (15). Location significantly affected the population status, with Sheka-tekli (19) exceeding Amdi-woyane (14) (p < 0.001). There were also significant variations across wealth categories (p = 0.029), showing that Rich groups had a greater abundance than Poor (p = 0.005) and medium groups (p = 0.043). The regeneration status did not show an inverse J-shape, indicating a concerning population health. Production varied by tree size class, location, gender and wealth status. Ziziphus Spina-Christi plays a vital role in local economies, contributing an average of 9,569 Ethiopian birr to annual household income. Wealthier households reported higher economic returns (11,791 birr) compared to poorer ones (7,056 birr), with male respondents yielding more than females. Beyond its economic value, Ziziphus Spina-Christi significantly enhances food security through its fruits, livestock shade, and materials for traditional medicine and construction. This study highlights the urgent need for effective conservation and sustainable management strategies to bolster community resilience against climatic challenge
Patients' Beliefs about Medications, Adherence to Treatment, and Drug-Drug Interactions in the Management of Heart Failure: A cross-sectional Study at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northern Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Heart failure (HF) is the heart’s inability to pump blood effectively due to structural or functional impairments. Patients’ beliefs about medications, adherence, and drug-drug interactions are critical factors in heart failure managements and understanding these can enhance HF management and outcomes.
Objective: To assess beliefs about medications, adherence levels, and the prevalence of drug-drug interactions in heart failure treatment.
Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 15 to August 30, 2024, with 314 HF patients selected via convenience sampling methods. Data was collected using the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8, and DDInetr software. The analysis was performed in SPSS 27 using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis H tests (p < 0.05, 95% CI).
Results: Among 314 participants, the median (IQR) age was 51.5 (32-65) years, 51.9% were female. The median treatment duration was four years. The mean score for specific necessity (20 ± 3.19), specific concern (15 ± 3.396), overuse (11.05 ± 2.297) and harm (9.03 ± 2.47) was scored. A majority of participants (79.3%) were classified as ambivalent, with a necessity-concern differential of +5.1. Non-adherence was observed in 41.4% of participants, with forgetfulness cited as the leading reason (37.6%). Significant correlations were found between adherence and both specific necessity (r = +0.27, p < 0.001) and harm beliefs (r = -0.27, p < 0.001). A total of 993 drug-drug interactions were identified, with moderate interactions being the most common and enalapril with Spironolactone was the drugs with sever interaction. These interactions were more prevalent among older patients and those experiencing polypharmacy.
Conclusion: Overall heart failure patients have strong necessity belief than concern about their medication where 84.7% knows the benefit of their medication. Over half of the participants were adherent to their medication due to high necessity belief, low concern, and forgetfulness. Severe DDIs were less common (6.95%) but requires medical treatment. Collaborative healthcare efforts are key to improving positive beliefs, and adherence, and reducing DDIs for better HF outcomes
ሽፋንን ረብሓን ስነቃላት ንምስትምሃር ክእለታት ቋንቋ ኣብ መምሃሪ መፅሓፍ ተምሃራይ ዓስራይ ክፍሊ ትግርኛ
No full textማራ ፅሑፍ
ናይ እዚ መፅናዕቲ ዋና ዕላማ ኣብ መምሃሪ መፅሓፍ ትግርኛ ዓስራይ ክፍሊ ስነ ቃላት ዝተዋሃቦም ሽፋን
፣ዘለዎም ረብሓን ኣብ ምምሃር ክእለት ቋንቋን ምፍታሽ እዩ። እዚ መፅናዕቲ ንምክያድ መፅንዒት
ዝተጠቐመትሉ መአከቢ መረዳእታ ፈተሻ ሰነድ እዩ። ዝተረኸቡ መረዳእታታት ድማ ብዓይነታውን
ኣሃዛዊን ብዝኾነ መንገዲ ተተንቲኖም ቀሪቦም። መፅንዒት ነዚ መፅናዕቲ ንምክያድ ዘላዓዓላ ኣብ መምሃሪ
መስተምሃሪ መፅሓፍ ተምሃራይ ዓስራይ ክፍሊ ንስነ ቃላት ዝተወሃቦም ሽፋን ክንደየናይ እዩ? ክእለት
ቋንቋ ንምስትምሃር ዘለዎም ግደ ከ እንታይ ይመስል? እቶም ዝተኻተቱ ስነቃላት ተምሃሮ ዝርብሕሉ
መንገዲ እንታይ እዩ? ዝብሉ መሰረታዊ ሕቶትት ንምምላስ እዩ።ብመሰረት እዚ መፅንዒት ብሜላ
መአከቢ መረዳእታ ፈተሻ ሰነድ ተጠቒማ ብዝገብረቶ መፅናዕቲ እዚ ዝስዕብ ውፅኢት ተረኺቡ ኣሎ። ንሱ
እውን ፦ኣብ መምሃሪ ምፅሓፍ ተምሃራይ ትግርኛ ዓስራይ ክፍሊ ስነቃላት ዝተወሃቦም ሽፋን ዝሐሸ
ምዃኑ፤ ከምኡ እውን ኣርባዕቲኦም ክእለት ቋንቋ ንምስትምሃር ትሑት ምዃኖምን ኣብዘሐኦም ኣብ
ምሃብ ፍትሒት ጥራሕ ዝተኮሩ ምዃኖም፤ እቶም ዝተኻተቱ ስነቃላት እውን ኮነ ተባሂሉን ተምሃሮ
ይረብሑ እዮም ፣ ክእለታት ንምስትምሃር ይሕግዙ እዮም፣ ተባሂሎም ተሓሲብሎም ዝተኻተቱ ኣይኮኑን
። ብመሰረት እዚ መፅንዒት ዘቐመጠቶ መፍትሒ ሓሳብ ድማ ኣብ ዝዳለዉ መምሃሪ መፃሕፍቲ
ተምሃራይ ትግርኛ ንስነቃላት ትኹረት ተገይርሎም እኹል ዝኾነ ሽፋን ክወሃቦምን ትሕዝቶኦም ድማ
እቶም ክእለታት ቋንቋ መሰረት ብምግባር ክዳለዉ ከም ዘለዎም እዩ። እዙይ ድማ ናይ ሓደ ክልተ ኣካላት
ተበግሶ እንተይኮነስ ኣብ ዕብየት ቋንቋ ትግርኛ ተርኡ ክዋፃእ ዝግበኦ ኩሉ ካብ ውልቀ ሰባት ጀሚሩ ክሳብ
ላዕለዎት መንግስታውን ዘይመንግስታውን ትካላት ዝምልከቶምን ክሓስብሉን ክሰርሕሉን ከም ዝግባእ
እዩ።ብሓፈሻ እዚ መፅናዕቲ ሓሙሽተ ምዕራፋት ዝሓዘ እዩ። ምዕራፍ ሓደ ፤ መእተዊ ኮይኑ ኣብ
ትሕቲኡ ድሕረ ባይታ መፅናዕቲ፣ ሓተታ ፀገም መፅናዕቲ ዘጋጠሙ ፀገማትን እዮም። ምዕራፍ ክልተ፤
ዳህሳስ ተዛመድቲ ክልሰ ሓሳባትን ተዛመድቲ ቅዱማት መፅናዕትን ዝሓዘ እዩ። ምዕራፍ ሰለስተ፤ ሜላ
ኣፀናንዓ፣ ምዕራፍ ኣርባዕተ፣ትንተና መረዳእታ፣ ምዕራፍ ሓሙሽተ ፣መጠቐለልን ለበዋን ሒዙ
ይርከብ
Silicon Doped Intermediate Band Solar Cell as a Solution for Upgrading the Efficiency of Solar Cell
No full textThe development of intermediate band solar cell is aimed in enhancing photocurrent and preserve the output voltage due to the surge of sensitivity to solar spectrum. Sensitivity to solar spectrum increased due to two-step absorption that allows to absorption of photons having energy less than band gap energy. In this work device fabrication process and analysis of the recorded data for the doping five layer of InAs QDs in GaAs p-i-n solar cell structures is presented by aiming to enhance light absorption capability, to improve charge carrier transport and a highly efficient solar cell by growing the thin film using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Intermediate band solar cells (IBSCs) increase solar power conversation efficiency exceeding Shockley-Queisser, which is the maximum efficiency attainable by conventional single-junction solar cells. This can happen utilizing an intermediate band (IB) within the bandgap of the semiconductor material, allowing for the absorption of two sub-bandgap photons (with energies less than the bandgap) to excite an electron to the conduction band. And this cause for an increase of current density, and provide non-reduced output voltage, consequently efficiency of the solar cell increase. Intermediate band within the band gap of a semiconductor with Si- doping, the current density JSC decreases from 31.84 mAcm-2 for the doping level 1011cm-2 and significant increase with optimized Si-doping for the doping level 5x1011 cm-2 to 32.75 mAcm-2. Si dopants can substitute both Ga and As sites forming point defect and this attributed for the change of values of JSC and VOC, This change because of photons with energies lower than the conventional bandgap can still generate charge carriers. In general, intermediate band improve charge carriers transport by providing a path way and generating more charge carriers; doping quantum dots, or introducing impurities, can significantly improve solar energy conversion efficiency. Doping of SC modify the electronic properties of quantum dots, enhance charge separation, suppress recombination losses, and improve charge transport, ultimately leading to higher power output
ASSESMENT OF ADVERTISING EFFECTIVNESS: THE CASE OF AQUA SAFE MINERAL WATER
No full textThe objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of advertising MESSAGE SOURCE AND
Channel of aqua safe mineral water. The research design was a cross sectional design. The
population of the study was residents of Addis Ababa from both Kirkos and Bole sub cities.
The study used primary data which was collected using self-administered questionnaires.
Advertising influences the sales performance as it enables the company to enhance the
purchase of organizational products by the consumer, increase volume of sales, increase
the profits of the organization and enhance the organization relationship with its
customers. The study was conducted to identify effectiveness of advertising message,
source and channel of Aqua safe mineral water. The study was conducted in both bole and
Kirkos sub cities of Addis Ababa. The researcher used non-probability sampling method to
take samples. Among non-probability sampling method, the researcher chooses
convenience sampling method because it helps the researcher to easily select respondents
and to achieve the diverse nature of respondents. Regarding the finding on the media mixes
that aqua safe mineral water used to advertise its product, the company uses almost all
types of Medias such as visual, audio and print Medias. According to the statistics of the
study advertising messages of aqua safe mineral water is very effective. The management
of aqua safe mineral water should carry out periodic review of the advertising message,
advertising source and channel to rate their effectiveness. Moreover, advertising messages
must be stronger and appealing enough to persuade and build product preference,
encourage switching to aqua safe mineral water by changing the perception of the
consumers of rival brands. According to the statistics of the study advertising messages of
aqua safe mineral water is very effective. The management of aqua safe mineral water
should carry out periodic review of the advertising message, advertising source and
channel to rate their effectiveness. Moreover, advertising messages must be stronger andviii
appealing enough to persuade and build product preference, encourage switching to aqua
safe mineral water by changing the perception of the consumers of rival brands. According
to the research findings we can conclude that Aqua safe mineral water advertising
messages is effective, advertising source and channel are also effective
