Texas Journal of Medical Science
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Kidney Diseases
No full textThis article describes the anatomical location, physiological importance, and diseases of the kidneys. It discusses the challenges of late diagnosis, the link between kidney diseases and cardiovascular complications, and the economic difficulties of treatment such as hemodialysis. The main causes of kidney diseases are identified as obesity, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, harmful habits, and metabolic disorders. The article also highlights symptoms of kidney dysfunction and kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis)
Clinical And Morphological Features In Diffuse Forms Of Breast Cancer: Results Of Digital Morphometry
No full textIn the study, tissue and cellular changes in diffuse forms of breast cancer (ductal, lobular, and inflammatory variants) were assessed using digital morphometry. Biopsy materials were scanned in the NanoZoomer system and analyzed using the QuPath and ImageJ/Image Pro Max programs. The main indicators were the proportion of stroma, excretory ducts, blood vessels, lobes, and the nuclear-cytoplasmic index (NCI). According to the results, in the ductal variant, the proportion of stroma and excretory ducts increased, the lobules shortened, and the ALS decreased to 0.69. In the lobar variant, parenchyma predominates and angiogenesis increases (LAS - 0.61), and in the inflammatory form, vascular-inflammatory changes predominate. In conclusion, digital morphometry is an effective method for differentiating diffuse phenotypes, assessing the level of cellular dedifferentiation and angiogenesis. The obtained indicators are recommended as an important prognostic criterion for making a clinical decision and determining the therapeutic orientation in breast cancer
Method Of Preventing Suture Failure In Sutures Of Performative Ulcers
No full textTo improve the reliability of tightness of sutures when suturing perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers in conditions of widespread peritonitis by improving the method of preventing suture failur
Proliferation And Prognostic Biomarkers In Colorectal Cancer
No full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, CRC remains a heterogeneous disease with diverse clinical outcomes. A growing body of evidence suggests that tumor proliferation dynamics and associated molecular alterations play critical roles in disease progression, recurrence, and treatment response. This review summarizes recent progress in understanding proliferation-related biomarkers in CRC, emphasizing the prognostic and predictive value of immunohistochemical and molecular indicators. Classical proliferation markers such as Ki-67, PCNA, and cyclins are discussed alongside genetic and epigenetic alterations including APC, KRAS, TP53 mutations, microsatellite instability (MSI), chromosomal instability (CIN), and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). The integration of immunohistochemistry with next-generation sequencing and RNA profiling has enabled identification of novel prognostic factors, including non-coding RNAs and methylation signatures. Understanding these markers enhances risk stratification and supports the development of personalized treatment approaches in colorectal cancer management
Pharmacological Strategies To Reduce ChemotherapyInduced Gastrointestinal Toxicity
No full textChemotherapy induced gastrointestinal dysfunction is a common occurrence associated with many different classes of chemotherapeutic agents. Gastrointestinal toxicity includes mucositis, diarrhea, and constipation, and can often be a dose-limiting complication, induce cessation of treatment and could be life threatening. Modulating the gut microbiome to alleviate chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicities by combining antibiotics with patient-specific probiotics/fecal microbiota transplants to target pathogenic bacteria and replenish the commensal microbiome remains an exciting prospect. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced diarrhea and mucositis, and emerging mechanisms involving the enteric nervous system, smooth muscle cells and enteric immune cell
Periodontitis: Modern Approaches to Treatment and Prevention. Clinical Results
No full textPeriodontitis is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues and is a leading cause of premature tooth loss in adults. The disease is characterized by a progressive course, a tendency to recur , and a close relationship with systemic pathology. This article presents modern approaches to the treatment and prevention of periodontitis and analyzes the clinical effectiveness of combination therapy. A clinical observation of patients with chronic periodontitis was conducted. In a study of patients with generalized periodontitis, the dynamics of clinical indicators and the sustainability of remission were assessed using preventive programs. The results demonstrate the high effectiveness of comprehensive treatment combined with systemic prevention and follow-up
Optimizing The Diagnosis Of Patients With Metabolic-Associated Steatohepatitis
No full textMetabolic-associated steatohepatitis, abbreviated as MASH, represents an inflammatory and potentially progressive form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, abbreviated as MASLD. Because symptoms are often absent until advanced disease develops, the central diagnostic challenge is not merely detecting steatosis, but identifying the subgroup at risk for clinically meaningful outcomes, especially advanced fibrosis. In routine care, liver biopsy remains the reference standard for confirming steatohepatitis, grading activity, and staging fibrosis, yet it is invasive, costly, and impractical for population-level case finding. As a result, contemporary diagnostic optimization increasingly relies on structured, stepwise strategies that combine simple blood-based fibrosis scores, imaging-based elastography, and selective use of advanced modalities, supported by clear referral pathways across primary care, diabetology, obesity services, and hepatolog
Viral Hepatitis B In Pregnant Women
No full textChronic hepatitis B (CHB) remains a major global public health concern. This review outlines current approaches to managing CHB in pregnant individuals. The rate of HBV infection in pregnancy generally mirrors that of the wider population in a given region. Universal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is essential during pregnancy. For those who test positive, further assessment may involve measuring hepatitis B e antigen, HBV DNA levels, alanine aminotransferase, and HBsAg quantitation. Clinical management is guided by the phase of HBV infection, which should ideally be established prior to conception. For individuals with CHB who may become pregnant, antiviral therapy serves two key purposes: to treat active liver disease and to prevent mother-to-child transmission. Tenofovir is the recommended antiviral agent during pregnancy for both indications. To prevent vertical transmission, every newborn to an HBsAg-positive mother should receive hepatitis B immunoglobulin and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth. Breastfeeding is not contraindicated for mothers with CHB
Understanding the basics of electrotherapy, Glavnotherapy, Electrophoresis, Darsonvalization
Get PDFThe article discusses the methods of electrotherapy treatment with Glavnotherapy, Electrophoresis and Dorsonvalization in diseases such as neuralgia, vasculitis, diseases of the nervous system, rheumatism of the joints, neurasthenia
Clinical Pharmacological Approach To The Treatment Of Eclampsia In Pregnant Women With Antihypertensive Drugs
Get PDFThe review considers the possibilities of predicting preeclampsia (PE) and its complications, modern criteria for diagnosing hypertensive gestational disorders, as well as the tactics of their intensive therapy. Particular attention is paid to providing anesthetic support during operative delivery in patients with PE and its complication