International Journal of Innovations in Engineering Research and Technology
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FEA ANALYSIS OF CONVENTIONALLY AND FINE PIERCED ROLLER CHAIN LINK PLATE TO INCREASE BREAKING LOAD OF CHAIN
No full textThe quality of hole in the sheet metal manufacturing is dependent on the die design and process parameters. In conventional piercing process, the hole surface features normally consist of the die-roll, shear surface, cracks, and burr. The secondary operations such as reaming, shaving, and grinding are needed for achieving the smooth hole surface without any cracks. In roller chain the link plate is manufactured by conventional blanking and piercing operation. In roller chain assembly only shear zone of hole comes in contact with pin, so there is less contact area between pin and bush. Due to this there are uneven bending stresses and shear stresses in the pin while chain is in working condition. Therefore, elongation occurs in the chain due to pin and bush gets wear, which reduces the breaking load and life of chain. The aim of this study is to increase the contact area between bush and pin which automatically will increase the life and the breaking load of the chain. The fine-piercing process, referenced to the fine-blanking principle, is used to produce the precise-dimensioned holes in the roller chain link plate parts with smooth-cut surfaces over the whole material thickness in a single operation. In this study, the stresses on link plate and pin were investigated by finite-element method (FEM) for both conventionally piercing and fine piercing of link plate. The breaking load of chain was checked on UTM for both roller chains when conventionally pierced link plate and fine pierced link plates are used in assembly of chain. The results showed that an application of fine piercing processes in link plates of roller chain results superior fine-pierced hole surface could be achieved. Furthermore, the use fine piercing process increases shear length in hole. The increase in shear length increases the contact area between pin and bush, therefore wear between pin and bush reduces. The reduction in wear minimizes stresses on pin and link plate and increases breaking load and life of chain
FINANCE APPLICATION
No full textEvery shopkeeper has one problem to attract the customer and sell the product. With thisconcept we are going to introduce the application that is “Finance Application”. It helps theshopkeeper to sell her product with EMI. And, for customer it is very useful to see how muchEMI is pending. There is so many facilities for customer like remainder of EMI.The project entitled "Finance Application" is system which contains an android application foruser, desktop software for admin. This project is mainly designed for android mobile sellers.This project helps sellers to sell mobiles on EMI. Seller can create his own EMI system. Sothat they can customize & manage their Interest Rate, Down Payments, No of EMIs, Paymentof EMIs, etc. Seller can sell devices to known people although they have less civil score andthe main benefit is that seller gets all margins, processing fees and interests which werecharged by finance companies previously. This system increases sells, profit margin and alsohelps to build better customer relation.Android App in this software pack, is designed to show EMI details such as next EMI date,remaining EMIs, invoices of EMIs N to provide Payment Gateway to make payment ofupcoming EMI. The main purpose of application is to send warning and lock device if usersdoesn’t make payment of EMI.Desktop Software is mainly designed for admin (Seller). From here admin can manage allcustomer relationships; admin can add connections, analysis EMI payments, etc. And there isalso backend designed to store n update data and to communicate with user and admin
HISTORY OF PRINTING FROM GUTENBERG TO THE LASER PRINTER
No full textThe ultimate cause of much historical, social and cultural change is the gradual accumulation of knowledge of the environment. Human beings use the materials in their environment to meet their needs and increased human knowledge of the environment enables human needs to be met in a more efficient manner. Humans have a need to communicate, as they are social beings, and the development of printing enabled them to communicate in a more efficient manner. The human environment has a particular structure so that human knowledge of the environment is acquired in aparticular order. The simplest knowledge is acquired first and more complex knowledge is acquired later. Inevitably, printing was invented after the invention of writing, as it is a more efficient way of writing. Printing, as developed in Europe in the 15th century, also required the prior invention of paper, the knowledge of which had spread from China, and of moveable metal type, inks and presses.The order of discovery determined the course of human social and cultural history as knowledge of new and more efficient means of communication, resulted in the spread of new scientific ideas and technology, and in the development of new social and ideological ideas, such as the reformation, the enlightenment and democracy. This means human social and cultural history, has to follow a particular course, a course that is determined by the structure of the human environment
IOT BASED DISEASE DETECTION AND PREDICTION OF POMEGRANATE LEAF
No full textAgriculture is one of the important parts of human life. Precision farming is very essential in today’s world. In the process of production of plant food, leaf plays an important role in the growth of plant. Diseases on leaf affects on the food of the plants and quality of the product. Geological condition is extraordinary for farming in light of the fact that it gives numerous good conditions .We have to detect the disease of leaf but it is difficult task to monitor the whole farm. Now a day the use of IOT is increased rapidly. In IOT domain we can collect data from different devices. We can overcome this problem by using the automatic leaf disease detection using IOT. By applying image processing we can easily work on different types of images. By collecting, the information from various types of sensors predicts the diseases that can be affect the leaf. In this thesis we have used four different sensors. 1. PH Sensor, 2. Temperature sensor, 3.Humidity sensor, 4.Soil Moisture Sensor.
We can collect data through Raspberry pi as well as collect plant images through camera. The main goal of the proposed work is to monitor the plant leaf, detect and classify them according to the diseases using the data mining and image processing techniques. By collecting, the information from various types of sensors predicts the diseases that can affect the leaf. We have implemented the classification and clustering algorithm to sort out good quality and bad quality plant detection. Image is first captured from farm of plant leaf and then it passes to further Image processing. Image pre-processing to be does on the acquired images. Image segmentation is used for segmentation of plant leave images and lastly features extracted for detection of diseases for the classification and classification done using the SVM classifier. Our segmentation approach and utilization of support vector machine demonstrate disease classification over 400 images with an accuracy of 90%
IOT BASED SMART AGRICULTURE AND AUTOMATIC IRREGATION SYSTEM
No full textIndia is an agriculture based country. Agriculture could be a supply of support of majority Indians and encompasses a nice impact on the economy of the country. In dry areas or just in case of inadequate downfall, irrigation becomes tough. So, it has to be machine-controlled for correctyieldandhandledremotely for farmer safety. This will be a catalyst for the transitionfromtraditionalfarmingtomodernfarmingincreasingenergycostsanddecreasingwatersuppliespointout the need forbetterwatermanagement Smart Irrigation System could be a complicated method process to see once and the way a lot of water to use to a growing crop to satisfy specific management objectives. So, economical water management plays a crucial role within the irrigated agricultural cropping systems. An occasional price different answer for economical water management presently in use is a drip irrigation system that comprises an automatic management to showon&offthecontrolvaluesthatsuccessivelyhelpsthefarmersbymanagingthefacilitytothecropfieldsandanymaintainsthe wetnesslevelsofsoilthathelps in higher crop
MONITORING OF THE ANKLE REHABILITATION USING PLANTAR FORCE TYPE SENSOR
No full textAnkle injuries are one of the most common types of athletic injuries and can have lasting adverse effects on daily life as well as athletic performance without proper rehabilitation and in severe cases can result in chronic ankle instability. Physiotherapy while effective, still employs many techniques that are largely qualitative for lack of an easily accessible system that can offer a quantitative approach. The design of an ankle rehabilitation monitor seeks to provide a fast, effective, affordable and repeatable method of acquiring qualitative data of importance when diagnosing and treating injuries related to the ankle. Plantar forces acting on the sole of the foot represent a set of data that can be important to a practitioner but are difficult to acquire without specialized equipment, and as such are part of the focus in the design of an ankle rehabilitation monitor. The device strives to provide a physiotherapist with plantar force measurements using a set of force sensing resistors affixed to a shoe insert that can be retained and compared in order to track the rehabilitation of ankle related injury. A proof of concept utilizing three such resistors is implemented and demonstrates that this approach is a reasonable design. The theory behind the device and its hardware and software design, experimental results, and efficacy are presented within
ONLINE REGISTRATION SYSTEM
No full textWhen a student comes to the lecture, it is necessary for the lecturer to save his/her attendance which helps the instructor or the teacher to evaluate students\u27 interests and behaviour. On the other hand, the student will be able to remind the lecturer of his/her attendance. Therefore, this paper is developed for academic purposes to control and save student attendance data, by using a web based application. There are three main types of users who can use this system: student, instructor and administrator. Each one of these users can have different options to use the system. The student can access the application to show his/her time table and the history of his/her attendance of the lecture or other module activities. The instructor can use the system to register the students\u27 attendance and to show the students\u27 attendance history. In addition, the instructor has a choice to update the student attendance. Moreover, the system administrator controls the system by managing (add, delete, update) Student, instructor, module and programme data. The administrator can also add the semester data. Furthermore, this paper has been developed by using Waterfall model methodology
TASK ALERTING SYSYTEM
No full textModern day-to-day life of people in major cities is very demanding and the schedules areequally hectic. In such times, it is practically impossible to keep a track of all the activities/appointments. Many a times, it happens that we may miss an important task; for example: taking medicines, attending a meeting, returning library books, paying the bills etc. And this cycle can keep going on endlessly.The human mind is not designed to multitask; it needs to work things out one at a time. This requires us to maintain our focus may even slip out of our minds. In order to address this problem, we have come up with a Weekly Task Alerting System. This system is designed to alert the user of all the important tasks that are due on a specific day, every week. So now, the user can carry on with his/her life without any worries. This circuit can count the days. The rising of the Sun is detected by a light sensor. High voltage level at gate connected to it goes low. Due to this, output also goes high which eventually makes the counter IC advance by one count. This way each day is counted. Similarly, the counter advances by one every morning until it counts seven days. An AstableMultivibrator produces 2Hz frequency to flash LED as a reminder. The LED flashes until the reset switch is pressed momentarily. When the counter IC resets, its output becomes low and it’s ready to begin day counting for the next week
TO STUDY OF EXISTING WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM (WSS)
No full textFor an estimated explanation of where Earth\u27s water exists, look at this bar chart. You may know that the water cycle describes the movement of Earth\u27s water, so realize that the chart and table below represent the presence of Earth’s water at a single point in time. Here is a bar chart showing where all water on, in, and above the Earth exists. The left-side bar chart shows how almost all of Earth\u27s water is saline and is found in the oceans. The world\u27s total water supply of about 332.5 million cubic miles of water, over 96 percent is saline and of the total freshwater, over 68 percent is locked up in ice and glaciers. Another 30 percent of fresh water is in the ground. Fresh surface-water sources, such as rivers and lakes, only constitute about 22,300 cubic miles (, which is about 1/150th of one percent of total water. Yet, rivers and lakes are the sources of most of the water people use every day. In the left bar, notice how only 2.5% of Earth\u27s fresh water - the amount needed for life to survive. The center bar shows the breakdown of freshwater. Almost all of it is locked up in ice and in the ground. Design of water supply and sanitation scheme is based on the projected population of a particular city, estimated for the design period. Any underestimated value will make system inadequate for the purpose intended; similarly overestimated value will make it costly. Water demand includes water delivered to the system to meet the needs of consumers, water supply for firefighting and system flushing, and water required to properly operate the treatment facilities
BLACK SPOT STUDY
Get PDFIndia is one of the fastest developing nations in the world, thus resulting in more buying capacity for its citizens. There is explosion of vehicles on Indian highways which has surged by more than 400 percent from 2001 to 2013 i.e., in 12 years comparing it to National highways which merely has grown by 133 percent, thus resulting in congestion and increase of accident rates in India. Black spots are being declared throughout the country in countries own about 52 percent of the world’s vehicle but they account for more than 88 percent of the world’s road traffic fatalities. By this rate of growth, the fatal accidents are going to be the 5th largest cause of accident in the world by 2020. Pedestrians, Cyclist and Motorbikes together form around 57 percent of death rates happening on the roads of the world, out of which persons in the age group of 15 to 44 years account for more than 60 percent of world’s total fatal accident rates. Literature Review has been carried out showing the scenario of accidents happening on different highways of India along with its causes and solutions