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The Use of Translation Notes in Manga Scanlation
No full textThis article investigates the use of translation notes to deal with translation problems. In Translation Studies, the presence of translation notes in a translation is considered particularly significant because they clearly indicate what features of the source text the translator considered important for the comprehension of the text and therefore necessary to retain or explain. In the field of comics in translation, the use of T/N is rather uncommon, and can be considered the main translation strategy that distinguishes scanlation from other types of translations.
In the first part of this article, the structure of the English-language manga scanlation communities is examined; following this, the way culture-specific items are dealt with by manga scanlators is analysed; and finally, an explanatory hypothesis linking the broader structure of participation to individual translation strategies is presented. The argument put forward in this article is that translation notes are used in scanlation both to solve translation problems and as a way for scanlators to communicate directly with their readers, thereby foregrounding their mediating presence directly on the pages of scanlated manga
Econocomics: Teaching Translation of Economic and Financial Texts through Comics
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Canadian Feminist Novels in Persian Translation after the 1979 Iranian Revolution
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I completed my BA and MA in Linguistics at SFU, and PhD in Translation Studies at the University of Ottawa.
Abstract
The patriarchal legal system and the socio-cultural institutions of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) relegate Iranian women to second-class citizens. Yet, Canadian feminist texts such as Margaret Atwood\u27s The Handmaid\u27s Tale (1985) and Carol Shields\u27s Unless (2002) have been translated into Persian, in 2003 and 2005 respectively. Moreover, they circulate freely and are found in Iran’s National Library. This seeming discrepancy needs a systemic and contextually-based explanation. Four questions guide my dissertation: What happens to the texts as they cross the cultural boundaries into the receiving society? Specifically, which features of feminist texts are most vulnerable to censorial interventions and what does that reveal about the interplay of the hegemonic theocratic-patriarchy and translation? Finally, how is the Persian translation of feminist texts even possible, given Iran’s legal, political and socio-cultural antagonism toward women’s autonomy? In other words, what factors mitigate such translations?
To answer these questions, I outline the legal representation of women in the legal discourse and the socio-cultural attitudes towards women’s rights in Iran subsequent to the (1906-1911) Constitutional Revolution and the 1979 Revolution, which led to an Islamist government. I examine the impacts of the IRI’s androcentric legislations on women’s rights, and the censorship mechanisms on Persian and imported feminist literature. I explore the types and extent of resistance to censorship, and I study the representation of women in school textbooks, cinema and Persian literature to analyze the impact that the interaction between the legal discourse, censorship and resistance has on cultural products. I conduct a comparative text analysis using theories of feminist linguistics and descriptive translation studies (Toury 1995; Cameron 1985, 1995) to investigate the extent to which patriarchal mechanisms influence the translation of the two novels. The goal is to determine how the legal and socio-cultural discourses of the target society affect the form and meaning of the translation, and to identify translation strategies that undermine the very features that make a novel female-centric. I demonstrate how these translation strategies consistently produce target texts that conform to the state-sponsored patriarchal agenda, and synchronize with the gender values and norms of the IR
Larémont, Ricardo René and Youssef M. Sawani (eds). Al-Rabīʿ al-ʿArabī: al-intifāḍah wa-al-iṣlāḥ wa-al-thawrah [The Arab Spring: The Intifada, Reform, and Revolution]. Trans. Lotfi Zekraoui. Beirut: Muntadá al-Maʻārif, 2013.
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Traduzir o Outro oriental: a configuração da figura feminina na literatura portuguesa finissecular (António Feijó e Wenceslau de Moraes)
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Abstract
This study focuses on the literary configuration of the Far East woman in the work of two turn-of-the-century Portuguese authors, namely in the collection of translated poems titled (1890, 1903) by António Feijó (1859-1917) and the books published by Wenceslau de Moraes (1854-1929). Our point of departure consists of inscribing the selected corpus within a discursive practice that has already been analysed in critical studies on the Islamic Orient in the context of the Anglo-French tradition of literary Orientalism: the orientalist rhetoric of feminization of the Orient. Drawing on Edward Said’s 1978 legacy, our study concentrates on the literary geography of the Far East (China and Japan) at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century. The orientalist characteristics identified in the aforementioned corpus converge in the feminization of that Orient, which we understand as an integral part of the phenomenon of cultural translation. Based on different relational modes with the Far East, the corpus illustrates an aesthetic apprehension of that geoculture through the female figure. This figure establishes a relationship of continuity with the space she represents and symbolizes, in which the European idea of the Orient, of gender difference, and of female body is implied. The analysis is organized around three key phrases: orientalism, cultural translation and feminization of the Orient. Formally, the dissertation is divided into two distinct parts: one theoretical-conceptual, which elaborates on each of those key phrases, and a second one, which provides our analysis of the literary corpus. This analysis explores imagery and metaphorical networks and their aesthetic-ideological implications for the understanding of the asymmetries and ambiguities linking turn-of-thecentury Portugal to the Far East. We expect our analysis of the literary aestheticization of the Far East to contribute to a broader understanding of the turn-of-the-century phenomenon of literary Orientalism, which relies on a process of cultural translation.
 
Who translates the translation? (Re)traduire les héros marginaux d\u27Alan Moore
No full textThe retranslation phenomenon is essential to the translation process. It is considered as the logical progression of this process which allows the translated literary work to regenerate in a restless cultural and language space. To a lesser extent, we can observe the same phenomenon in the translation of comics. However, this specific translation requires other competencies and a translating approach somehow different from the ones required to translate fiction literature, especially because of the presence of the visual system of drawings which is strongly bound to its own culture and the endless mutations it goes through.
The comic book Watchmen (Les Gardiens, in the first French translation) by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons, is known in the whole world as the comic which had not only remodeled the vision we had of super-heroes, but had also given the comic books another voice. Watchmen was published between 1986 and 1987 in the United States and translated in French from 1987 to 1988. Fifteen years after this first translation by Jean-Patrick Manchette, Panini publishing decided to retranslate this famous comic in 2007. However, if the reviews of the first translation were laudatory, the retranslation did not enjoy a great reception from the readers or from the reviewers. This paper proposes a comparative analysis of both these translations and of their original version as well as an experiment on the readers, comic books readers or not, in order to establish why the first translation was a success and the retranslation a failure. Thus, we could withdraw the elements which allow us to understand the reception of comic translation
Análisis de los rasgos lingüísticos de Maus y sus interferencias en la traducción al español
No full textArt Spiegelman abrió con Maus (1980-1991) un nuevo camino para la novela gráfica a nivel internacional: entrevistando a su padre, que le cuenta sus memorias sobre el Holocausto, presenta una historia de carácter confesional, inédita hasta entonces en este ámbito de manifestación artístico-literaria. Junto con la impactante representación de los personajes, destaca especialmente la historia de supervivencia en primera persona.
En este trabajo, analizamos la importancia del lenguaje en Maus, y más concretamente los rasgos lingüísticos que caracterizan la forma de expresión del protagonista, cuya lengua materna no era el inglés, sino el polaco. Son numerosas las incoherencias y errores intencionados en el original (por ejemplo, “… I can tell you other stories, but such private things, I don’t want you should mention”). Para ello, trataremos de determinar si existen en estas incoherencias parámetros recurrentes y posibles influencias de otra(s) lengua(s). Finalmente, analizaremos cómo han podido interferir estas pautas en la traducción al español de una de las novelas gráficas más destacadas del siglo XX y la primera ganadora del Premio Pulitzer en 1992