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Magnetic Etna 2015 (EMFC_2015)
No full textThe data represent the total intensity (F) of the Earth's magnetic field (or geomagnetic field) acquired continuously by the stations of the Etna permanent network from XX to YY. All the stations are located along a South-North profile that crosses the summit area of Etna and are equipped with Overhauser effect scalar magnetometers with a sensitivity of 0.01 nT. The network also includes a reference station located in Cesarò on the Nebrodi Mountains. The data are synchronized by a GPS and is acquired with a sampling rate of 5-10 seconds. Time series of geomagnetic data allow to observe and evaluate the anomalous variations of the magnetic field associated with the modifications of the stress field and of the thermodynamic state produced by magma rising in the more superficial layers of the volcano. The continuous data analysis therefore contributes to the evaluation of the spatio-temporal evolution of the dynamics in progress.Data file content, for each row:
Month-Day-Year Hour:Min:Sec F1 F2 G Q V U T
Where:
F1 is the total field intensity (nT);
F2 is the total field intensity of the northern sensor of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
G is the GEM Systems gradient between sensors of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
Q is the GEM Systems quality field (a-z or 0-99) ;
V is battery voltage (0.01171875*V+11.0 volt);
U is relative umidity (0.390625*U %);
T is Temperature (-0.3125*T+40 c°)
F2 or G are present only for gradiometric configuration
Time is in UTC.
Examples:
02-11-15 11:03:00 48759.88 a 176 199 005
02-11-2015 11:03:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 48769.88 99 176 199 005
05-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 0148.74 99 176 199 00
Lava flow hazard map from summit eruptions at Etna
No full textThe new hazard map for lava flows inundation at the summit of Mt. Etna volcano obtained by using a probabilistic approach that considers both the long-lasting sub-terminal eruptions, and the short-lasting paroxysmal events from the summit craters: North East Crater (NEC), South East Crater (SEC), Voragine (VOR) and Bocca Nuova (BN).The methodology includes different stages: (i) the definition of the classes of the expected eruptions, effusion rate curves and their occurrence probability; (ii) assessment of the spatiotemporal probability of future vent opening, by assuming two different probability distributions; (iii) running of lava flows emplacements considering a large number of eruptive scenarios with the GPUFLOW model; (iv) computation of the long-term probability for each point of the area interested by simulated lava flows; (v) validation of the best approach
Time series of Etna tilt data of ECPN and CDV during 2020 - 2022 (ECLNI2020_2022)
No full textCDV_dec20_feb22:
This dataset contains tilt data acquired by CDV tilt station and belonging to the Etna tiltmeters Network, run by INGV- Osservatorio Etneo. It holds data from December 2020 to February 2022 with a sampling of 1 sample/min. In particular two components are presented, both measured in microradians: the x component (N175E) and the y component (N265E).
ECPN_dec20_feb22:
This dataset contains tilt data acquired by ECPN tilt station and belonging to the Etna tiltmeters Network, run by INGV- Osservatorio Etneo. It holds data from December 2020 to February 2022 with a sampling of 1 sample/min. In particular two components are presented, both measured in microradians: the x component (N14E) and the y component (N104E)
Time series of seismic RMS amplitude at ECPNz and EMFOz from December 2020 to February 2022 (RMS_ECPN_EMFO_20_22)
No full textThis data collection contains time series of RMS amplitude, computed on the vertical component of the seismic signal acquired by ECPN and EMFO seismic stations, belonging to the permanent seismic network run by INGV, Osservatorio Etneo. These stations are equipped with broadband (40s cut-off period) 3C Trillium seismometers, acquiring at a ssampling rate of 100 Hz. The signals were band-pass filtered in the range 0.5-5.5 Hz. The windowlength is equal to 5 min and 5 h for ECPN and EMFO, respectively.
The data collection is linked to the paper "Changing magma recharge/discharge dynamics during the 2020-22 lava fountaining activity at Mt. Etna revealed by tilt deformation and volcanic tremor" by Massimiliano Cardone, Andrea Cannata, Adriana Iozzia, Vittorio Minio, Marco Viccaro, Salvatore Gambino
Magnetic Etna 2022 (EMFC_2022)
No full textThe data represent the total intensity (F) of the Earth's magnetic field (or geomagnetic field) acquired continuously by the stations of the Etna permanent network from XX to YY. All the stations are located along a South-North profile that crosses the summit area of Etna and are equipped with Overhauser effect scalar magnetometers with a sensitivity of 0.01 nT. The network also includes a reference station located in Cesarò on the Nebrodi Mountains. The data are synchronized by a GPS and is acquired with a sampling rate of 5-10 seconds. Time series of geomagnetic data allow to observe and evaluate the anomalous variations of the magnetic field associated with the modifications of the stress field and of the thermodynamic state produced by magma rising in the more superficial layers of the volcano. The continuous data analysis therefore contributes to the evaluation of the spatio-temporal evolution of the dynamics in progress.Data file content, for each row:
Month-Day-Year Hour:Min:Sec F1 F2 G Q V U T
Where:
F1 is the total field intensity (nT);
F2 is the total field intensity of the northern sensor of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
G is the GEM Systems gradient between sensors of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
Q is the GEM Systems quality field (a-z or 0-99) ;
V is battery voltage (0.01171875*V+11.0 volt);
U is relative umidity (0.390625*U %);
T is Temperature (-0.3125*T+40 c°)
F2 or G are present only for gradiometric configuration
Time is in UTC.
Examples:
02-11-15 11:03:00 48759.88 a 176 199 005
02-11-2015 11:03:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 48769.88 99 176 199 005
05-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 0148.74 99 176 199 00
Magnetic Etna 2018 (EMFC_2018)
No full textThe data represent the total intensity (F) of the Earth's magnetic field (or geomagnetic field) acquired continuously by the stations of the Etna permanent network from XX to YY. All the stations are located along a South-North profile that crosses the summit area of Etna and are equipped with Overhauser effect scalar magnetometers with a sensitivity of 0.01 nT. The network also includes a reference station located in Cesarò on the Nebrodi Mountains. The data are synchronized by a GPS and is acquired with a sampling rate of 5-10 seconds. Time series of geomagnetic data allow to observe and evaluate the anomalous variations of the magnetic field associated with the modifications of the stress field and of the thermodynamic state produced by magma rising in the more superficial layers of the volcano. The continuous data analysis therefore contributes to the evaluation of the spatio-temporal evolution of the dynamics in progress.Data file content, for each row:
Month-Day-Year Hour:Min:Sec F1 F2 G Q V U T
Where:
F1 is the total field intensity (nT);
F2 is the total field intensity of the northern sensor of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
G is the GEM Systems gradient between sensors of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
Q is the GEM Systems quality field (a-z or 0-99) ;
V is battery voltage (0.01171875*V+11.0 volt);
U is relative umidity (0.390625*U %);
T is Temperature (-0.3125*T+40 c°)
F2 or G are present only for gradiometric configuration
Time is in UTC.
Examples:
02-11-15 11:03:00 48759.88 a 176 199 005
02-11-2015 11:03:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 48769.88 99 176 199 005
05-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 0148.74 99 176 199 00
Selection of daily distance variations (2002-2021) at Mount Etna (EDDV_2002_2021)
No full textSelection of daily distance variations between two pairs of GPS benchmarks (EMGL-EMAL and EMEG-ESLN) located in the western flank of Mt. Etna during 2002-2021. (Format: two GPS daily distance variations separated by comma in meters).
The authors acknowledge the Technicians and Technologists of the INGV - Osservatorio Etneo (GPS Permanent Network) for enabling and improving the acquisition of raw GNSS data. We are grateful to F. Cannavò that provided distance daily variations between two pairs of GPS benchmarks during the time periods when the solution is not available in Literature.
This work benefits from funding of the INGV in the frame of the projects "Ricerca Libera 2021" and "IMPACT - a multidisciplinary Insight on the kinematics and dynamics of Magmatic Processes at Mt. Etna Aimed at identifying preCursor phenomena and developing early warning sysTems"
Seismic velocity variation at Mt. Etna calculated by seismic ambient noise interferometry (EtnadVv)
No full textThe raw seismic data is band-pass filtered between 1.0-2.0 Hz, down-sampled from 100 to 20 Hz, and de-trended. Daily traces is segmented into 1-hr windows, winsorizing (clipping) at 3 Root Mean Square (RMS), and spectral whitening in the 1.0–2.0 Hz frequency band is applied before cross-correlation (Bensen et al., 2007; Lecocq et al., 2014). The resulting daily CCFs are then stacked using the time-frequency phase-weighted stacking method (tf-PWS; Schimmel & Paulssen, 1997) for 1,5,10,30 days for each station pair to increase the signal-to-noise-ratio. The reference period spans between 2017-01-01 and 2017-12-31. Daily variations in seismic velocity are computed using the Moving Window Cross-Spectrum analysis (MWCS; Ratdomopurbo & Poupinet, 1995) between a daily and a reference CCF. The resulting time series for each possible pair of stations on Etna volcano are finally combined in a single median variation of seismic velocity for the network
Etna Bulk rock (major and trace elements) analyses 2021 (BRET_2021)
No full textThe database consist of Bulk rock compositions (major and trace elements) of lava and pyroclasts sampled at Etna during the 2021 INGV-OE petrologic monitoring activity.The preparation and analyses of the sample have been performed at INGV laboratories.
After archiving, the samples were reduced to powder, the LOI was determined and finally they were melted (Miraglia, 2012 ). The beads were analyzed for X-ray fluorescence.The bulk rock compositions have been analyzed at INGV-OE with the Rigaku Primus II XRF.
The accuracy of our measurements has been checked through replicate analyses of the international standard (Jarosewich et al., 1980). The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, is less than 1% for SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, MgO and CaO and less than 3% for TiO2, MnO, Na2O, K2O and P2O5 (Miraglia, 2013), <5% for Ba, Ce, La, Nb, Nd, Rb, Sm, Sr, V, Y, Yb, Zn e Zr, e <10% for Cr, Ni e Th (Miraglia, 2017). Each measure is the average of 3 analyses
A dataset from a multi-station analysis of volcanic tremor at Mt. Etna, Italy, in 2021 (MAVT2021)
No full textThe dataset refers to seismic data analyses with a machine learning method in 2021, during which 52 lava fountain episodes occurred at Mt. Etna, Italy. These lava fountains were short-lived (a few hours-long) phenomena, which stemmed from the Southeast Crater, the youngest of the summit craters of the volcano. Each episode was preceded, accompanied, and followed by variations in the amplitude and frequency content of the background seismic radiation, the so-called volcanic tremor. In this perspective, we refined a machine learning analysis based on pattern classification, which was encompassed in the multi-station warning system by Spampinato et al. (2019). The system flags alerts exploiting the spectral characteristics of the volcanic tremor, continuously acquired by the stations of the Etna permanent seismic network. In its original configuration, which combines Self-Organizing Maps (SOM; Kohonen, 2001) and fuzzy clustering analysis (Zadeh, 1965), the system applied a voting scheme based on the number of stations and their weight for which alert criteria are met. Using the warning information of the original configuration, we exploited the application of thresholds to forecast higher levels of volcanic activity, from unrest to paroxysms. In doing so, we considered the values of the RGB (Red/Green/Blue) color code, which are the results of the pattern classification of the volcanic tremor data. In particular, we focused on the red color (R) which tends towards the value 1 (full red saturation) at the climax of each lava fountain.
Here, we provide the log files for the time span from January 1 to December 31, 2021, considering five threshold values of R, i.e., 0.50, 0.52, 0.55, 0.58, and 0.60. For each file we report: the UTC time (yyyymmdd_hh:mm) with increasing step of five minutes; the number of active stations; the value of the alert flag (0= no alert; 1=alert) for each station considered (for example, ECNE) which reached or topped a given value of R (for example, red>0.6).
Acknowledgments
This work was designed within the project IMPACT (A multidisciplinary Insight on the kinematics and dynamics of Magmatic Processes at Mt. Etna Aimed at identifying preCursor phenomena and developing early warning sysTems). IMPACT belongs to the Progetti Dipartimentali INGV [DIP7], https://progetti.ingv.it/index.php/it/progetti-dipartimentali/vulcani/impact#informazioni-sul-progetto.The continuous seismic data were analyzed by using the software KKAnalysis (Messina & Langer, 2011), which carried out the pattern classification with a step of five minutes. Following the procedures described by Langer et al. (2011) and by Spampinato et al. (2019), the results obtained were expressed as numerical values in the RGB color code mirroring the spectral characteristics of the seismic signal. In particular, we focused on the red color (R), considering the usage of thresholds to detect conditions leading to paroxysmal activity.
We considered five threshold values of R, namely 0.50, 0.52, 0.55, 0.58, and 0.60, and the number of stations where these values were reached or topped in the time span from January 1 to December 31, 2021. In that interval, 52 lava fountains occurred. From the files: multistation_analysis_20210101_20220101_red.050.log, multistation_analysis_20210101_20220101_red.052.log, multistation_analysis_20210101_20220101_red.055.log, multistation_analysis_20210101_20220101_red.058.log, multistation_analysis_20210101_20220101_red.060.log, we obtained the so-called 'Receiver Operation Characteristic' (ROC; Metz, 1978) curves, which allowed us to establish rules for the identification of suitable criteria to evaluate the performance of our new warning system. This aim was achieved comparing the "true positives" (TP; events correctly flagged) with respect to "false positives" (FP; events flagged without having occurred). In-depth analyses of the ROC curves obtained and the overall interpretation of the results are discussed by Langer et al. (submitted to Scientific Reports,2022).The volcanic tremor data considered in this study were continuously acquired by a group of broad-band seismic stations belonging to the permanent monitoring network run by INGV on Mt. Etna. The stations (ESVO, EPLC, ECNE, EPDN, ECPN, EMFO, ESLN, and ESPC) are installed within a maximum distance of about 8 km from the summit craters of Mt. Etna, in a rectangle with the top left corner in N37.79°, E14.93° and the lower right one in N37.68°, E15.11°. Each station is equipped with a Nanometrics Trillium™ seismometer having a natural period of 40 s. The dynamic range of the digitizer and the sampling rate are 24 bits and 100 Hz, respectively