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Full Moment Tensor Solutions for ML ≥ 3.5 Etna earthquakes from October 2018 to December-2020 (CMTC_2018_2020)
No full textWe computed the full seismic moment tensor of 14 earthquakes (3.5 ˂ML ≤ 4.8) that occurred in the Etna area in the period October 2018 to December 2020 and were recorded by the seismic broadband network managed by Osservatorio Etneo (INGV-OE). The focal solutions computed are here reported and compared with that obtained using the standard first arrival polarities method, based on the assumption of a double couple source type. The full seismic moment tensor computation allows for a complete definition of the earthquake source, through the inversion of the seismic waveforms. It permits the calculation of the Seismic Moment, the Double Couple component (DC) which allows identifying the nodal planes of the focal mechanism, and the non-DC components as Compensated Linear Vector Dipole (CLVD) and volumetric (ISO). In a volcanic environment, such as Etna, the computation of the non-DC components can provide useful information for a comprehensive study of the source, accounting also for the role of magma in the generation of earthquakes (e.g. Saraò et al., 2001; 2010; 2016).The starting dataset of 1 D hypocentral locations, local magnitude, and the epicentral area is coming from the "Mt. Etna Revised and Concise Seismic Catalog from 1999 ETNA RCSC" (Alparone et al., 2020 https://doi.org/10.13127/ETNASC/ETNARCSC) which collects local earthquakes recorded by the Permanent and Mobile Seismic Network, managed by INGV-OE. The fault mechanisms by first polarities are derived from the "Sicily and Southern Calabria focal mechanisms catalog" (Scarfì et al., 2013 http://sismoweb.ct.ingv.it/maps/eq_maps/focals/index.php) and have been computed using the standard FPFIT code (Reasenberg and Oppenheimer, 1985).
The full moment tensor solutions have been calculated using TDMT (Time Domain Moment Tensor) software by Dreger (2003) integrated with the Minson and Dreger (2008) code, to compute the isotropic component of the source. We used waveforms from broadband 3-component stations provided by the permanent seismic network managed by OE. The data were checked for a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 5, corrected for the instrument response and the horizontal components were rotated to the great circle path.
Green's functions are computed by using the frequency-wavenumber integration code (FKPROG) of Saikia (1994) for the homogeneous layered velocity and attenuation models of Alparone et al. (2012) and Martinez-Arevalo et al. (2005). The data and Green's functions were filtered in the frequency band 0.01-0.05 Hz or 0.01-0.10 Hz depending on the value of ML.The catalog consists of three main sections. In the first one, the most important starting parameters such as Date, Time, Latitude, Longitude, Depth, Local Magnitude (ML), and Epicentral Area of the earthquakes, derived from "Mt. Etna Revised and Concise Seismic Catalog from 1999 ETNA RCSC" (Alparone et al., 2020) are reported; The second section shows the focal mechanisms, extracted from the "Sicily and Southern Calabria focal mechanisms catalog" (Scarfì et al., 2013) calculated assuming a DC source type (Double Couple solutions). The third section of the catalog is devoted to the full moment tensor inversion results, obtained by applying Dreger, 2003 and Minson and Dreger, 2008 codes (reported as FULL TDMT code). In detail, the third part of the catalog lists, for each earthquake, the best focal solution and the associated moment tensor depth (MT depth), Moment Magnitude value (Mw), strike (STR1, STR2), dip (DIP1, DIP2), rake (RAK1, RAK2) of the two possible nodal planes (in degrees), Seismic Moment (M0), DC, CLVD, ISO percentage components, and Variance Reduction valu
Etna Bulk rock (major and trace elements) analyses 2020 (BRET_2020)
No full textThe database consist of Bulk rock compositions (major and trace elements) of lava and pyroclasts sampled at Etna during the 2020 INGV-OE petrologic monitoring activity.The preparation and analyses of the sample have been performed at INGV laboratories.
After archiving, the samples were reduced to powder, the LOI was determined and finally they were melted (Miraglia, 2012 ). The beads were analyzed for X-ray fluorescence.The bulk rock compositions have been analyzed at INGV-OE with the Rigaku Primus II XRF.
The accuracy of our measurements has been checked through replicate analyses of the international standard (Jarosewich et al., 1980). The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, is less than 1% for SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, MgO and CaO and less than 3% for TiO2, MnO, Na2O, K2O and P2O5 (Miraglia, 2013), <5% for Ba, Ce, La, Nb, Nd, Rb, Sm, Sr, V, Y, Yb, Zn e Zr, e <10% for Cr, Ni e Th (Miraglia, 2017). Each measure is the average of 3 analyses
A new radar-based statistical model to quantify mass eruption rate of volcanic plumes (RadMER)
No full textWe combine values of column height HTP and mass eruption rate QM, radar derived, including the associated wind velocity (vW) for several eruptive events of Mt. Etna (Italy). Hence, we use a Monte Carlo Markov Chain approach to fit a parametric model relating HTP, QM and vW. The fitted model can then be used to quickly infer QM from observed HTP and vW. An outstanding feature is that HTP and QM are obtained from the same sensor reducing the overall uncertainty.Time trend of the radar-based estimates of the mass eruption rate (QM) and top plume height (HTP) for 32 Etna eruptions and the vw data retrieved from the reanalysis data of the ECMWF for the same events. For each event you can find: Time (UTC), top plume height (km); QM (mass eruption rate (kg/s)). Finally, vw is the wind velocity (m/s)
Stromboli Bulk rock (major and tarce elements) analyses 2020 (BRST_2020)
No full textThe database consist of Bulk rock compositions (major and trace elements) of lava and pyroclasts sampled at Stromboli during the 2020 INGV-OE petrologic monitoring activity.The preparation and analyses of the sample have been performed at INGV laboratories.
After archiving, the samples were reduced to powder, the LOI was determined and finally they were melted (Miraglia, 2012). The beads were analysed for X-ray fluorescence.The bulk rock compositions have been analyzed at INGV-OE with the Rigaku Primus II XRF.
The accuracy of our measurements has been checked through replicate analyses of the international standard (Jarosewich et al., 1980). The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, is less than 1% for SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, MgO and CaO and less than 3% for TiO2, MnO, Na2O, K2O and P2O5 (Miraglia, 2013), <5% for Ba, Ce, La, Nb, Nd, Rb, Sm, Sr, V, Y, Yb, Zn e Zr, e <10% for Cr, Ni e Th (Miraglia, 2017). Each measure is the average of 3 analyses
Infrasonic signals recorded at Mt. Etna stations during period 15-19 January 2022 (ISGN)
No full textThe dataset consists of raw signals recorded during the period 15-19 January 2022 by the infrasonic permanent network run by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania. In this time interval infrasonic sensors detected atmospheric pressure variations produced by the eruption of Hunga Tonga – Hunga Ha'apai volcano, which is about 18000 km far from Mt. Etna. Some of the infrasonic stations installed on Etna recorded both the shock waves coming from the two opposite directions of propagation, and, in the following days, the pressure variations that came after the wave fronts had circumnavigated, several times, the Earth's atmosphere.Raw dataInfrasound stations are deployed around the summit of Mt. Etna at high and intermediate altitudes. Stations are equipped with GRAS 40AN condensator microphone. The frequency response of the instrument is flat in the range 1- 10000 Hz, and +- 2 dB in the range 0.5 - 20000 Hz.
Infrasonic stations coordinates:
ECPN EPLC EPDN EMFS ESLN ESVO EMNR EMFO
Locality: Cratere del Piano Punta Lucia Pizzi de Neri Monte Frumento Supino Serra La Nave Monte Scavo Monte Nero Monte Fontane
Latitude: 37.7437 N° 37.7651 N° 37.7659 N° 37.7196 N° 37.6934 N° 37.7731 N° 37.8168 N° 37.7357 N
Etna Glass analyses May-October2021 (GMCET_MO2021)
No full textThe database consist of glass compositions (major elements) of pyroclasts sampled at Etna from May to October 2021 during the INGV-OE petrologic monitoring activity.The glass compositions of major elements have been analyzed at INGV-OE with Zeiss LEO-1430 scanning electron microscope, equipped with an INCA ENERGY Oxford Instruments EDS micro-analytical system (SEM-EDS). Analytical conditions are 20 keV of acceleration tension, 1200 nA of beam current and XPP data reduction routine.
In order to minimize alkalis loss during analysis, a square raster of 10 microns is used. The accuracy of our measurements has been checked through replicate analyses of the international standard VG-2 Glass basaltic, USNM 111240/52 (Jarosewich et al., 1980). The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, is less than 1% for SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, MgO and CaO and less than 3% for TiO2, MnO, Na2O, K2O and P2O5 (Miraglia, 2012).
The analyses have been performed in groundmass glass containing less than 15% microlites. Each measure is the average of 10 to 15 analyses.Dataset Legend
Sample label: name identificative of the sample the acronyms used for Etna summit craters are: VOR= Voragine Crater, BN=Bocca Nuova Crater, NEC=North-East Crater, SEC=South-East Crater, NSEC=New South-East Crate;
Data emission: Date of sample eruption;
Sample Type: field characteristics of a sample (bomb, lapilli or ash);
Activity type: description of the volcanic activity provided from the Access archive of the INGV-OE Petroteca
Moment Tensor Solutions for ML ≥ 3.5 Etna earthquakes 2008-2020 (EMTS_2008_2020)
No full textWe computed the full seismic moment tensor of the earthquakes (3.5˂ML ≤4.8) that occurred in the Etna area in the period May 2008 to December 2020, recorded by the seismic broadband network managed by the INGV - Osservatorio Etneo.
The full seismic moment tensor computation, through the inversion of the seismic waveforms, allows for a comprehensive definition of an earthquake source. In particular, the moment tensor is directly related to the earthquake fault orientation and kinematics, while the derived moment magnitude, Mw, is the most reliable quantity for measuring the size of an earthquake. In addition, the source tensor can provide information on the decomposition into isotropic (ISO), double-couple (DC) and compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) components. This distinction is a tool for classifying and physically interpreting seismic sources. Indeed, although most tectonic earthquakes are dominated by shear deformation in narrow area (DC component of the tensor), in volcanic and geothermal areas, other processes, such as the migration of magmatic and hydrothermal fluids or rupture on non-planar faults, can produce earthquakes with significant non-double-couple components. (e.g. Minson et al. 2007; Saraò et al., 2010; 2016).The full moment tensor solutions have been calculated using the software gCAP3D (https://www.eas.slu.edu/People/LZhu/home.html) based on the cut-and-paste (CAP) method by Zhu and Helmberger (1996) and improved by Zhu and Ben-Zion (2013). This method is based on the waveform inversion of Pnl and surface wave segments and has proven to be effective for analysing earthquakes over a wide range of magnitudes, even those with magnitudes between 2.5 and 4.
The CAP method minimizes the misfit between observed and synthetic seismograms using a grid search to obtain the best moment magnitude, source depth and focal mechanism. The inversion technique breaks each waveform into Pnl and surface wave windows. This is because they are sensitive to different parts of crustal structure and have different amplitude decay with distance. The surface waves, although large in amplitudes, are easily influenced by shallow crustal heterogeneities, while the Pnl waves are controlled by the averaged crustal velocity structure and therefore are more stable. The fit is evaluated independently in each phase window and over different frequency bands for P and S waves. In comparison to the whole waveform approach, the separation of P and S waves in both time and frequency domains enhances the contribution of the P-waves.
In order to get reliable source mechanisms, it is necessary to compute synthetic seismograms, which in turn requires a reasonable velocity/attenuation model for generating Green's functions. We used the frequency–wavenumber (F–K) integration method as described by Zhu and Rivera (2002) and the 1D velocity and attenuation models derived from Alparone et al. (2012) and Martinez-Arevalo et al. (2005). Synthetics and observed ground velocity were filtered in the same frequency bands, from 0.02 to 0.1 Hz for the surface waves and from 0.05 to 0.3 Hz for the Pnl.
The starting dataset of 1 D hypocentral locations, local magnitude and epicentral area is coming from the "Mt. Etna Revised and Concise Seismic Catalog from 1999 ETNA RCSC" (Alparone et al., 2020 https://doi.org/10.13127/ETNASC/ETNARCSC) which collects local earthquakes recorded by the Permanent and Mobile Seismic Network, managed by INGV-OE.The catalog is divided vertically into three sections. In the first one, the origin time, location and local magnitude parameters of the selected earthquakes are reported; they are derived from "Mt. Etna Revised and Concise Seismic Catalog from 1999 ETNA RCSC" (Alparone et al., 2020). The second and third section show for each event the solutions of the moment tensor inversion, considering respectively a pure double-couple mechanism (2nd section) and the full solution, i.e. including DC, ISO and CLVD components (3rd section). Specifically, the reported parameters are the associated moment tensor depth (MT depth), the Moment Magnitude value (Mw), the strike, dip and rake of one nodal plane (in degrees), the Seismic Moment (M0), the six independent components of the tensor (Mxx, Mxy, Mxz, Myy, Myz, Mzz), and the isotropic and CLVD strength
Etna Bulk rock (major and trace elements) analyses 2022 (BRET_2022)
No full textThe database consist of Bulk rock compositions (major and trace elements) of lava and pyroclasts sampled at Etna during the 2022 INGV-OE petrologic monitoring activity.The preparation and analyses of the sample have been performed at INGV laboratories.
After archiving, the samples were reduced to powder, the LOI was determined and finally they were melted (Miraglia, 2012 ). The beads were analyzed for X-ray fluorescence.The bulk rock compositions have been analyzed at INGV-OE with the Rigaku Primus II XRF.
The accuracy of our measurements has been checked through replicate analyses of the international standard (Jarosewich et al., 1980). The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, is less than 1% for SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, MgO and CaO and less than 3% for TiO2, MnO, Na2O, K2O and P2O5 (Miraglia, 2013), <5% for Ba, Ce, La, Nb, Nd, Rb, Sm, Sr, V, Y, Yb, Zn e Zr, e <10% for Cr, Ni e Th (Miraglia, 2017). Each measure is the average of 3 analyses
Infrasonic signals recorded at Mt. Etna by ECPN, EMFO, EMFS, EMNR, ESLN permanent stations during period 19-20 february 2021 (Etna_InfSgn2021)
No full textThe dataset contains infrasonic signals recorded during the period 19-20 February 2021 by ECPN, EMFO, EMFS, EMNR, ESLN, belonging to the infrasonic permanent network run by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo - Sezione di Catania.Signals are recorded by G.R.A.S. 40AN microphone
Etna Glass analyses 2022 (GMCET_2022)
No full textThe database consist of glass compositions (major elements) of pyroclasts sampled at Etna during the 2022 INGV-OE petrologic monitoring activity.The glass compositions of major elements have been analyzed at INGV-OE with Zeiss EVO 10 scanning electron microscope, equipped with an INCA ENERGY Oxford Instruments EDS micro-analytical system (SEM-EDS). Analytical conditions are 20 keV of acceleration tension, I Probe 300 ρA and XPP data reduction routine.
In order to minimize alkalis loss during analysis, a square raster of 10 microns is used. The accuracy of our measurements has been checked through replicate analyses of the international standard VG-2 Glass basaltic, USNM 111240/52 (Jarosewich et al., 1980). The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, is less than 1% for SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, MgO and CaO and less than 3% for TiO2, MnO, Na2O, K2O and P2O5 (Miraglia, 2012).
The analyses have been performed in groundmass glass containing less than 15% microlites. Each measure is the average of 10 to 15 analyses.Dataset Legend
Sample label: name identificative of the sample the acronyms used for Etna summit craters are: VOR= Voragine Crater, BN=Bocca Nuova Crater, NEC=North-East Crater, SEC=South-East Crater, NSEC=New South-East Crate;
Data emission: Date of sample eruption;
Sample Type: field characteristics of a sample ( bomb, lapilli or ash);
Acti vity type: description of the volcanic activity provided from the Access archive of the INGV-OE Petroteca