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Magnetic Etna 2023 (EMFC_2023)
No full textThe data represent the total intensity (F) of the Earth's magnetic field (or geomagnetic field) acquired continuously by the stations of the Etna permanent network from XX to YY. All the stations are located along a South-North profile that crosses the summit area of Etna and are equipped with Overhauser effect scalar magnetometers with a sensitivity of 0.01 nT. The network also includes a reference station located in Cesarò on the Nebrodi Mountains. The data are synchronized by a GPS and is acquired with a sampling rate of 5-10 seconds. Time series of geomagnetic data allow to observe and evaluate the anomalous variations of the magnetic field associated with the modifications of the stress field and of the thermodynamic state produced by magma rising in the more superficial layers of the volcano. The continuous data analysis therefore contributes to the evaluation of the spatio-temporal evolution of the dynamics in progress.Data file content, for each row:
Month-Day-Year Hour:Min:Sec F1 F2 G Q V U T
Where:
F1 is the total field intensity (nT);
F2 is the total field intensity of the northern sensor of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
G is the GEM Systems gradient between sensors of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
Q is the GEM Systems quality field (a-z or 0-99) ;
V is battery voltage (0.01171875*V+11.0 volt);
U is relative umidity (0.390625*U %);
T is Temperature (-0.3125*T+40 c°)
F2 or G are present only for gradiometric configuration
Time is in UTC.
Examples:
02-11-15 11:03:00 48759.88 a 176 199 005
02-11-2015 11:03:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 48769.88 99 176 199 005
05-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 0148.74 99 176 199 00
Magnetic Etna 2020 (EMFC_2020)
No full textThe data represent the total intensity (F) of the Earth's magnetic field (or geomagnetic field) acquired continuously by the stations of the Etna permanent network from XX to YY. All the stations are located along a South-North profile that crosses the summit area of Etna and are equipped with Overhauser effect scalar magnetometers with a sensitivity of 0.01 nT. The network also includes a reference station located in Cesarò on the Nebrodi Mountains. The data are synchronized by a GPS and is acquired with a sampling rate of 5-10 seconds. Time series of geomagnetic data allow to observe and evaluate the anomalous variations of the magnetic field associated with the modifications of the stress field and of the thermodynamic state produced by magma rising in the more superficial layers of the volcano. The continuous data analysis therefore contributes to the evaluation of the spatio-temporal evolution of the dynamics in progress.Data file content, for each row:
Month-Day-Year Hour:Min:Sec F1 F2 G Q V U T
Where:
F1 is the total field intensity (nT);
F2 is the total field intensity of the northern sensor of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
G is the GEM Systems gradient between sensors of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
Q is the GEM Systems quality field (a-z or 0-99) ;
V is battery voltage (0.01171875*V+11.0 volt);
U is relative umidity (0.390625*U %);
T is Temperature (-0.3125*T+40 c°)
F2 or G are present only for gradiometric configuration
Time is in UTC.
Examples:
02-11-15 11:03:00 48759.88 a 176 199 005
02-11-2015 11:03:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 48769.88 99 176 199 005
05-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 0148.74 99 176 199 00
Magnetic Etna 2016 (EMFC_2016)
No full textThe data represent the total intensity (F) of the Earth's magnetic field (or geomagnetic field) acquired continuously by the stations of the Etna permanent network from XX to YY. All the stations are located along a South-North profile that crosses the summit area of Etna and are equipped with Overhauser effect scalar magnetometers with a sensitivity of 0.01 nT. The network also includes a reference station located in Cesarò on the Nebrodi Mountains. The data are synchronized by a GPS and is acquired with a sampling rate of 5-10 seconds. Time series of geomagnetic data allow to observe and evaluate the anomalous variations of the magnetic field associated with the modifications of the stress field and of the thermodynamic state produced by magma rising in the more superficial layers of the volcano. The continuous data analysis therefore contributes to the evaluation of the spatio-temporal evolution of the dynamics in progress.Data file content, for each row:
Month-Day-Year Hour:Min:Sec F1 F2 G Q V U T
Where:
F1 is the total field intensity (nT);
F2 is the total field intensity of the northern sensor of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
G is the GEM Systems gradient between sensors of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
Q is the GEM Systems quality field (a-z or 0-99) ;
V is battery voltage (0.01171875*V+11.0 volt);
U is relative umidity (0.390625*U %);
T is Temperature (-0.3125*T+40 c°)
F2 or G are present only for gradiometric configuration
Time is in UTC.
Examples:
02-11-15 11:03:00 48759.88 a 176 199 005
02-11-2015 11:03:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 48769.88 99 176 199 005
05-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 0148.74 99 176 199 00
Magnetic Etna 2017 (EMFC_2017)
No full textThe data represent the total intensity (F) of the Earth's magnetic field (or geomagnetic field) acquired continuously by the stations of the Etna permanent network from XX to YY. All the stations are located along a South-North profile that crosses the summit area of Etna and are equipped with Overhauser effect scalar magnetometers with a sensitivity of 0.01 nT. The network also includes a reference station located in Cesarò on the Nebrodi Mountains. The data are synchronized by a GPS and is acquired with a sampling rate of 5-10 seconds. Time series of geomagnetic data allow to observe and evaluate the anomalous variations of the magnetic field associated with the modifications of the stress field and of the thermodynamic state produced by magma rising in the more superficial layers of the volcano. The continuous data analysis therefore contributes to the evaluation of the spatio-temporal evolution of the dynamics in progress.Data file content, for each row:
Month-Day-Year Hour:Min:Sec F1 F2 G Q V U T
Where:
F1 is the total field intensity (nT);
F2 is the total field intensity of the northern sensor of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
G is the GEM Systems gradient between sensors of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
Q is the GEM Systems quality field (a-z or 0-99) ;
V is battery voltage (0.01171875*V+11.0 volt);
U is relative umidity (0.390625*U %);
T is Temperature (-0.3125*T+40 c°)
F2 or G are present only for gradiometric configuration
Time is in UTC.
Examples:
02-11-15 11:03:00 48759.88 a 176 199 005
02-11-2015 11:03:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 48769.88 99 176 199 005
05-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 0148.74 99 176 199 00
Seismic and infrasonic data recorded at Mt. Etna on 11 February 2014 (SIDE2014)
No full textThis data contains the signals acquired by 9 seismo-acoustic data on 11 February 2014. The stations are: EMNR (37.8168 , 15.026), ESVO (37.7731, 14.9469), EMFO (37.7357, 15.0902), ESLN (37.6934, 14.9744), EMFS (37.7196, 14.9979), EBEM (), ECPN (37.7437, 14.9865), EPLC (37.7651, 14.9857), EPDN (37.7659, 15.0168). Each station is equipped with a broadband three-component Nanometrics Trillium 40 s seismometers sampling at 100 Hz. Stations are within 1-8 km of the summit. Each station is also equipped with a GRASS 40AN microphone with a flat response with sensitivity of 50 mV/Pa in the frequency range of 0.3 - 20,000 Hz, except for ECPN and ESLN which had Monacor MC 2005 condenser microphones with a sensitivity of 80 mV/Pa in the 1-20 Hz infrasonic band in 2014. The infrasound microphones sample at 50 Hz, and the infrasonic signals have been resampled at 100 Hz
Catalog of the seismic activity in and around the island of Vulcano, Italy, between 1985 and 2019
No full textSince the end of its last eruption in 1890, the island of Vulcano, Italy, has experienced episodes of volcano unrest marked by anomalous values of geochemical and geophysical parameters. The last episode, which began in September 2021, caused great concerns due to the potential trigger of eruptive activity, with serious consequences on the local population and tourists. To contextualize the anomalous variations recorded, it was necessary to search for reference catalogs reporting data on decade-long time spans.
Focusing on seismic activity, we have prepared a catalog that collects data on seismic events originating on the island of Vulcano and its surroundings in a wide time window, starting from bulletins, reports, and scientific articles from the 1980s. By doing so, we provide the first quantitative framework useful as a contextual reference of seismicity and its variations over time. Consequently, this catalog contains various datasets - from the counting of seismic events linked to fluid dynamics in the shallow hydrothermal system to the localization of earthquakes. For a description of the various types of local events recorded at Vulcano we address interested readers to e.g., Falsaperla and Neri, 1986; Montalto, 1994; Alparone et al., 2010; Cannata et al., 2012. For continuity and reliability of information, the datasets in this catalog cover the years from 1985 to 2019 and encompass:
1) hourly occurrence frequency of the seismic events (mostly local microshocks of volcanic origin) that exceeded an amplitude threshold (20 mm) on the paper seismograms of a reference station. The station for the counting was named VCR until mid-2004 and IVCR ever since. It is located at Forgia Vecchia, close to a large fumarole field. The dataset covers the years from 1985 to 1999 (see file Events-IVCR_hourly_freq_1985-1999.csv);
2) hourly occurrence frequency of the seismic events with origin within a radius of 10 km around "La Fossa di Vulcano" crater (Montalto and Neri, 1993). These events were recorded at least at three stations in the Lipari-Vulcano area. The dataset covers the years from 1985 to 1999 (see file Events-LIVU_hourly_freq_1985-1999.csv);
3) earthquakes from 1985 to 2019 with magnitude greater than 2.5, located in a geographical region encompassing the Lipari-Vulcano complex (coordinates: latitude from N38.265° to 38.540°, longitude from E14.780° to 15.130°). In the following, the description of each dataset:
• Earthquakes_1985-2019.csv: For each earthquake the dataset provides the hypocentral parameters (UTC origin time, latitude, longitude, depth, gap and location errors when available), duration magnitude (Md) and local magnitude (ML);
• N_earthquakes_and_strain-release_per_day_1985-2019.csv: Daily number of earthquakes and strain release. A column reports the cumulative value of strain release over time;
4) seismic swarms in 1985 and 1988 related to important episodes of volcanic unrest at Vulcano. The catalog encompasses the following datasets:
• 1985_seismic_swarm.csv: Hypocentral parameters (UTC origin time, latitude, longitude, and depth when available), and duration magnitude (Md). This dataset refers to the seismic events, mainly located in the island of Vulcano, with duration magnitude between 1 and 2.3, recorded from April to August 1985;
• N_events_and_strain_release_per_day_seismic_swarm_1985.csv: Daily number of seismic events and strain release. A column reports the cumulative value of strain release over time. This dataset refers to seismic events recorded from April to August 1985.
• 1988_seismic_swarm.csv: Hypocentral parameters (UTC origin time, latitude, longitude, and depth when available), and duration magnitude (Md). This dataset refers to seismic events, mainly located in the island of Vulcano, with duration magnitude between 1.8 and 2.5, recorded from July to September 1988.
• N_earthquakes_and_strain_release_per_day_seismic_swarm_1988.csv: Daily number of earthquakes, and strain release. A column reports the cumulative value of strain release over time. This dataset refers to seismic events with magnitude between 1.8 and 2.5, recorded from July to September 1988.
Note that our catalog also includes datasets from Falsaperla (2021, 2022) concerning seismic events at Vulcano in 1988. Detailed descriptions of seismic activity during the 1985 and 1988 volcanic unrests can be found in e.g., Falsaperla and Neri, 1986; Chiodini et al., 1992; Falsaperla, 2021.
Acknowledgements
We thank all the technical and scientific staff who contributed in various forms to the acquisition of information over the years. We also sincerely thank Graziella Barberi for her availability and expertise in contributing to the data collection.
This catalog has been developed in the framework of the Pianeta Dinamico 2023-2025 WUnderVul Project, Progetto Dipartimentale INGV.The data in this catalog have many sources. The oldest data are from paper documents, namely forms and reports compiled for monitoring purposes in the 1980s. We also collected information from periodic bulletins, articles and in recent years from the INGV national database (https://terremoti.ingv.it/). A list of the references for the entire collection can be found in our Bibliography_of_the_data_sources.pdf file.
Our computation of the strain release is obtained from the value of the root mean square of the energy, using the magnitude–energy relationship computed for Italian earthquakes by Di Filippo and Marcelli (1950).The region of interest for this catalog is the island of Vulcano, Italy. The reference station for counting seismic events from 1985 to 1999 was VCR (named IVCR since 2004) with coordinates N38.41°, E14.96°. For the earthquakes with magnitude > 2.5, the reference epicentral map has the following coordinates: latitude from N38.265° to 38.540°, longitude from E14.780° to 15.130°.
The data were acquired continuously by the permanent seismic network equipped with 1s corner-period seismometers up to June 2007 (e.g., Chiodini et al., 1992). Successively, the sensors were replaced with digital three-component broadband seismometers, with flat responses in the 0.01 - 40s period range. Until 2000 the network was run by Istituto Internazionale di Vulcanologia (IIV) of the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. From 2001 onwards, the permanent stations belong to the national seismic network of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Lava flow hazard map from flank eruptions at Etna
No full textThe new lava flow hazard map from flank eruptions at Mt. Etna volcano obtained by using a probabilistic approach.The methodology includes different stages: (i) the definition of the classes of the expected eruptions, effusion rate curves and their occurrence probability; (ii) assessment of the spatiotemporal probability of future vent opening; (iii) running of lava flows emplacements considering a large number of eruptive scenarios with the GPUFLOW model; (iv) computation of the long-term probability for each point of the area interested by simulated lava flows
Etna Focal Mechanisms Database (2002-2021) (EFMD_2002_2021)
No full textWe computed focal solutions of earthquakes (1.3≤ML≤4.8) recorded by the seismic network managed by the INGV, that occurred in the Mt. Etna area in the period between 2002 and 2021.We collected basic data (locations and first polarities) from available datasets and published studies (Barberi et al., 2004; Alparone et al., 2012, 2013; Scarfì et al., 2013, 2016; Musumeci et al., 2014; De Guidi et al., 2015) and processed them by calculating the ray-tracing in the 3D velocity model of Firetto Carlino et al. (2021). By using FPFIT software (Reasenberg and Oppenheimer, 1985), we obtained 577 focal solutions with an average uncertainty on the orientation of the nodal planes of about 10°. These focal mechanisms can be considered representative of the kinematics characterizing Mt. Etna, since they are distributed in all the main seismogenically active areas of the region.The table shows the origin time, location and focal parameters of the analysed earthquakes. Specifically: No= identification number; Date (day-month-year); origin time (hour, minute and second); latitude north and longitude east; depth in km; magnitude; Strike, Dip and Rake of the first and second nodal plane; Strike and Dip of the P- and T-axes
Magnetic Etna 2019 (EMFC_2019)
No full textThe data represent the total intensity (F) of the Earth's magnetic field (or geomagnetic field) acquired continuously by the stations of the Etna permanent network from XX to YY. All the stations are located along a South-North profile that crosses the summit area of Etna and are equipped with Overhauser effect scalar magnetometers with a sensitivity of 0.01 nT. The network also includes a reference station located in Cesarò on the Nebrodi Mountains. The data are synchronized by a GPS and is acquired with a sampling rate of 5-10 seconds. Time series of geomagnetic data allow to observe and evaluate the anomalous variations of the magnetic field associated with the modifications of the stress field and of the thermodynamic state produced by magma rising in the more superficial layers of the volcano. The continuous data analysis therefore contributes to the evaluation of the spatio-temporal evolution of the dynamics in progress.Data file content, for each row:
Month-Day-Year Hour:Min:Sec F1 F2 G Q V U T
Where:
F1 is the total field intensity (nT);
F2 is the total field intensity of the northern sensor of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
G is the GEM Systems gradient between sensors of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
Q is the GEM Systems quality field (a-z or 0-99) ;
V is battery voltage (0.01171875*V+11.0 volt);
U is relative umidity (0.390625*U %);
T is Temperature (-0.3125*T+40 c°)
F2 or G are present only for gradiometric configuration
Time is in UTC.
Examples:
02-11-15 11:03:00 48759.88 a 176 199 005
02-11-2015 11:03:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 48769.88 99 176 199 005
05-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 0148.74 99 176 199 00
Magnetic Etna 2021 (EMFC_2021)
No full textThe data represent the total intensity (F) of the Earth's magnetic field (or geomagnetic field) acquired continuously by the stations of the Etna permanent network from XX to YY. All the stations are located along a South-North profile that crosses the summit area of Etna and are equipped with Overhauser effect scalar magnetometers with a sensitivity of 0.01 nT. The network also includes a reference station located in Cesarò on the Nebrodi Mountains. The data are synchronized by a GPS and is acquired with a sampling rate of 5-10 seconds. Time series of geomagnetic data allow to observe and evaluate the anomalous variations of the magnetic field associated with the modifications of the stress field and of the thermodynamic state produced by magma rising in the more superficial layers of the volcano. The continuous data analysis therefore contributes to the evaluation of the spatio-temporal evolution of the dynamics in progress.Data file content, for each row:
Month-Day-Year Hour:Min:Sec F1 F2 G Q V U T
Where:
F1 is the total field intensity (nT);
F2 is the total field intensity of the northern sensor of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
G is the GEM Systems gradient between sensors of a gradiometric configuration (nT);
Q is the GEM Systems quality field (a-z or 0-99) ;
V is battery voltage (0.01171875*V+11.0 volt);
U is relative umidity (0.390625*U %);
T is Temperature (-0.3125*T+40 c°)
F2 or G are present only for gradiometric configuration
Time is in UTC.
Examples:
02-11-15 11:03:00 48759.88 a 176 199 005
02-11-2015 11:03:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 99 176 199 005
03-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 48769.88 99 176 199 005
05-01-2023 00:00:00 48759.88 0148.74 99 176 199 00