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Does Lexical Coordination Affect Epistemic and Practical Trust? The Role of Conceptual Pacts.
No full textThe present study investigated whether humans are more likely to trust people who are coordinated with them. We examined a well-known type of linguistic coordination, lexical entrainment, typically involving the elaboration of "conceptual pacts," or partner-specific agreements on how to conceptualize objects. In two experiments, we manipulated lexical entrainment in a referential communication task and measured the effect of this manipulation on epistemic and practical trust. Our results showed that participants were more likely to trust a coordinated partner than an uncoordinated one, but only when the latter broke previously established conceptual pacts
Evaluation des Pilotprojekts STEPS der isa – Fachstelle Migration
No full textDas Pilotprojekt STEPS – Schritte zum Berufsziel der isa – Fachstelle Migration im Kanton Bern beriet zwischen 2020 und 2023 insgesamt 170 erwachsene Personen mit Migrationserfahrung beim Berufseinstieg oder -wechsel. Das Schweizerische Forum für Migrations- und Bevölkerungsstudien (SFM) der Universität Neuchâtel wurde beauftragt, eine Evaluation von STEPS durchzuführen. Diese Evaluation hat aufgezeigt, dass für ein solches Pilotprojekt eine Nachfrage vorhanden ist und dass die Beratungen durch die befragten Klient·inn·en überwiegend positiv beurteilt werden. Der auf individuelle Bedürfnisse abgestimmte Ansatz von STEPS konnte Migrant·inn·en konkret und mit vielfältigen Methoden auf dem Weg zur Anerkennung von ausländischen Diplomen oder zu einem Schweizer Berufsabschluss unterstützen und durch seine Ressourcen- und Chancenorientierung auch zur sozialen Anerkennung beitragen. Allerdings erwies sich die Zusammenarbeit zwischen STEPS und weiteren Angeboten in der Anerkennungs-, Bildungs- und Berufsberatung im Kanton Bern auch im Kontext der Covid-19 Pandemie und aufgrund unterschiedlicher institutioneller Logiken als Herausforderung. Die Erfahrungen aus dem Pilotprojekt zeigen aber wichtige Lücken und Handlungsmöglichkeiten auf, welche nicht nur in Bezug auf ein migrantisches Zielpublikum sondern auch allgemein für die Beratungstätigkeit in den Bereichen Bildung und Beruf von Bedeutung sein können
Change laboratory as a tool to address moral-ethical tensions in the work of early childhood education professionals
Get PDFOur study contributes to research on moral-ethical tensions in the work of early childhood educators by applying cultural-historical activity theory, and Change Laboratory (CL) intervention. We argue that studying and resolving moral-ethical tensions cannot be done without addressing the underlying contradictions which pertain to particular cultural-historical context and local practices. This requires a shift of focus from individual educators’ perspective to the whole system of their collaborative activity. In result, we identify two historical developments which produce the moral-ethical tensions in educators' work, and we explore how the educators invented expansive solutions to address these tensions in the CL sessions
Going beyond the single item: deriving and evaluating a composite subjective wellbeing measure in the Swiss Household Panel
Get PDFThe Swiss Household Panel (SHP) is an invaluable source of knowledge about wellbeing at the population level and its changes over time in Switzerland, allowing for cross-country comparisons. However, researchers using SHP data have been inconsistent in their choice and use of wellbeing indicators, making comparability of findings across studies difficult. With this guide, our aim was to derive an aggregate measure that maximises the SHP’s potential
to examine multiple dimensions of wellbeing and examine its validity and reliability. This will help researchers to make more informed decisions when using wellbeing measures in the SHP. This study was theoretically guided by the seminal work of Ed Diener on subjective wellbeing. Due to the availability of the measures over time, we focused on affect (emotional measures) and life satisfaction (cognitive measures).
We assessed the factorial structure and internal reliability of the wellbeing indicators available in the SHP and tested their measurement invariance across age groups, periods, gender, questionnaire languages, and survey modes. We demonstrated that combining single items in the SHP can derive a psychometrically robust wellbeing measure.Although an overall score of wellbeing combining all items into one indicator showed satisfactory internal reliability, such a one-dimensional measure should be used with caution, as our findings suggest that wellbeing as it is operationalized using the items available in the SHP is not a unidimensionalconstruct. Instead, we recommend using two subscales that should be analyzed separately: 1) positive affect and life satisfaction, and 2) negative affect. However, caution is needed when age or language groups are compared, as certain items behaved differently across groups. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to developing a wellbeing measure that combines single items from different batteries and rigorously assesses its statistical properties. In this way, it can inform researchers using the SHP data on how to move beyond using separate items to construct a wellbeing measure consisting of two dimensions. Furthermore, bringing more consistency to analyzing wellbeing using the SHP will facilitate comparability and help interpret effect sizes
Helper or hindrance: How new CEOs’ networks affect post-succession strategic change in turnaround versus non-turnaround context
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic and wellbeing in Switzerland-worse for young people?
Get PDFThe key objective of our study was to describe the population-average trajectories of wellbeing, spanning the period of 2017-2022, comparing young people with other age groups. Moreover, we aimed to identify subgroups of young people who experienced disproportionate changes in wellbeing.
We used longitudinal data from six waves (2017-2022) of the Swiss Household Panel. Participants were at least 14 years old in 2017 and had at least one valid composite measure of wellbeing between 2017 and 2022 (n individuals = 11,224; n observations = 49,032). The data were typically collected with telephone or web interviewing. The age of participants ranged from 14 to 102, with a roughly equal distribution of men (51.1%) and women (48.9%). We conceptualized wellbeing as positive affect and life satisfaction, negative affect, stress and psychosomatic symptoms. We described the trajectories of wellbeing using piecewise growth curve analysis. We included sociodemographic characteristics to further describe wellbeing trajectories across subgroups of young people. These comprised (1) gender, (2) migration status, (3) partnership status, (4) living with parents, (5) education/employment status, (6) household income.
Young people (age 14-25) experienced a steady decline in positive affect and life satisfaction throughout the entire period, with the greatest change occurring before the pandemic (2017-2019). The trajectories in this outcome were largely stable in other age groups. Moreover, young individuals showed a more pronounced increase in negative affect, particularly in the pre-pandemic years, compared to older groups. Negative affect increased during the pandemic, followed by a subsequent decline post-pandemic, observed similarly across all age groups. Among young people specifically, the trajectory of stress was similar to the one of negative affect. However, issues such as sleep problems, weakness, weariness, and headaches continued to increase in this population from 2017 to 2022. We also found evidence for a greater increase in negative affect during the pandemic in young women and those not in employment or education.
Given the fact that the decline in young people's wellbeing in Switzerland started two years before the pandemic, our study emphasises the importance of consideing their wellbeing within a broader systemic context beyond pandemic-related changes.tru
L’émergence du possible dans le cadre des transitions de genre : une étude exploratoire en psychologie socioculturelle
Get PDFDans une société oscillant entre invisibilité (Namaste, 2000) et oppression (Medico et al., 2020), comment les personnes trans parviennent-elles à se penser et s’imaginer dans un autre genre ? A travers une recherche exploratoire d’inspiration phénoménologique, et en se basant sur les travaux en psychologie socioculturelle développés autour de l’imagination et du possible (Zittoun & Gillespie, 2016 ; Glăveanu, 2021), j’examine la manière dont le possible émerge dans les parcours de transition de genre. A partir de données empiriques issues d’entretiens avec des personnes concernées, je propose un modèle composé de quatre processus centrés sur la notion de reconnaissance. Je soutiens qu’à travers ces différentes dimensions s’élabore une reconfiguration de l’impossible en possible, et peut aboutir finalement à des actions concrètes dans la vie des personnes concernées. Les apports de cette recherche permettent 1) de consolider les connaissances académiques concernant le rôle de l’imagination dans les trajectoires trans ; 2) de renforcer l’intervention clinique transaffirmative (Medico & Pullen-Sansfaçon, 2017) ; 3) de proposer des pistes d’exploration du genre pour les personnes concernées
Das Nothilferegime und die Rechte des Kindes Rechtsgutachten und Studie zur Vereinbarkeit mit der schweizerischen Bundesverfassung und der Kinderrechtskonvention
Get PDFBandits Meet Mechanism Design to Combat Clickbait in Online Recommendation
Get PDFWe study a strategic variant of the multi-armed bandit problem, which we coin the strategic click-bandit. This model is motivated by applications in online recommendation where the choice of recommended items depends on both the click-through rates and the post-click rewards. Like in classical bandits, rewards follow a fixed unknown distribution. However, we assume that the click-rate of each arm is chosen strategically by the arm (e.g., a host on Airbnb) in order to maximize the number of times it gets clicked. The algorithm designer does not know the post-click rewards nor the arms' actions (i.e., strategically chosen click-rates) in advance, and must learn both values over time. To solve this problem, we design an incentive-aware learning algorithm, UCB-S, which achieves two goals simultaneously: (a) incentivizing desirable arm behavior under uncertainty; (b) minimizing regret by learning unknown parameters. We approximately characterize all Nash equilibria of the arms under UCB-S and show a regret bound uniformly in every equilibrium. We also show that incentive-unaware algorithms generally fail to achieve low regret in the strategic click-bandit. Finally, we support our theoretical results by simulations of strategic arm behavior which confirm the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed incentive desig