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Reaching the Top? Profiles of Impression Management and Career Success
No full textEmployees use impression management (IM) tactics to influence their image at work. Whereas findings regarding the effects of IM on interview outcomes and performance evaluations are extensive, our understanding of the career implications of IM is both limited and inconclusive. In this two-study paper, we used latent profile analysis to better understand the relationship between the use of five IM tactics in combination—ingratiation, self-promotion, exemplification, intimidation, and supplication—and multiple indicators of objective career success (i.e., salary, promotions, and supervisor-rated reward recommendations) and subjective career success. Four different IM profiles were identified in a sample of 237 employees in Study 1 and which were replicated in Study 2 with 268 employees. In Study 1, we found that the highest levels of salaries and promotions (reflecting objective career success) were associated with a passive use of IM (i.e., employing all five IM strategies at low frequency), thereby running counter to our initial expectations. In contrast, the highest level of subjective career success was associated with a positive use of IM (i.e., a pattern employing the three positive strategies ingratiation, self-promotion and exemplification at higher levels). In Study 2, we found positive use of IM to be associated with the highest level of supervisor-rated reward recommendations as a further indicator of objective career success (followed by passives with the second highest reward recommendations). Our findings highlight the importance of viewing objective and subjective career success as qualitatively different constructs and suggest benefits of employing passive IM use for objective career success
Contextual and personal resources in unemployed job search: An intra-individual perspective
Get PDFDrawing from conservation of resources (COR) theory and the equifinality principle, we challenge the prominent “the-more-resources-the-better” understanding by examining both the additive and interactive effects of contextual (i.e., networking behaviors and social support) and personal (i.e., job search self-efficacy) resources on job seeking. Specifically, based on COR theory's resource gain corollary, we propose that higher levels of each resource are positively related to job search intensity and the number of interviews obtained (an additive effect). However, based on the equifinality principle that various resources can contribute to the same goal, we propose that each type of resource can compensate for low levels of the other (an interactive effect). In a four-wave study following 89 unemployed job seekers over 6 months, we find positive intraindividual relationships between networking behaviors and job search self-efficacy with job search intensity. We find that networking behaviors and job search self-efficacy are also positively related to the number of job interviews obtained and indirectly related through job search intensity for networking behaviors. In line with our predictions, high levels of either networking behaviors or job search self-efficacy compensate for low levels of the other resource when predicting job search intensity and the number of interviews obtained
Créer un objet nouveau en classe. Un dispositif d'innovation pédagogique et d'observation
No full textIntroducing the Output of GoogleTranslate to Teach Beginners: Practical Workshops for Ukrainian Refugees Learning French
Get PDFLe dispositif didactique analysé et décrit dans cet article suit un objectif double : amener les participant·e·s à développer leur apprentissage en autonomie et leur littéracie en traduction automatique neuronale (TAN). Ces outils sont massivement utilisés par les migrant·e·s, mais pas toujours à bon escient. Il est donc crucial de cadrer et de thématiser leur utilisation dans les classes de langues, même au niveau débutant. Plusieurs types d’exercices ont été créés : 1. Pour introduire ces outils à la fois comme de bons modèles et des bases pour la communication ; 2. Pour montrer que la TAN a des limites (ne représente pas toute la langue ; peut proposer un output fautif) ; et 3. Pour fixer un cadre et des situations où l’utilisation de cette technologie n’est pas utile. L’évaluation de ce dispositif a montré son succès relatif, même si une introduction théorique à la TAN aurait pu permettre un meilleur développement de la littéracie en TAN des participant·e·s.tru
Better Luck Next Time: About Robust Recourse in Binary Allocation Problems
No full textIn this work, we present the problem of algorithmic recourse for the setting of binary allocation problems. In this setting, the optimal allocation does not depend only on the prediction model and the individual’s features, but also on the current available resources, utility function used by the decision maker and other individuals currently applying for the resource. We provide a method for generating counterfactual explanations under separable utilities that are monotonically increasing with prediction scores. Here, we assume that we can translate probabilities of “success” together with some other parameters into utility, such that the problem can be phrased as a knapsack problem and solved by known allocation policies: optimal 0–1 knapsack and greedy. We use the two policies respectively in the use cases of loans and college admissions. Moreover, we address the problem of recourse invalidation due to changes in allocation variables, under an unchanged prediction model, by presenting a method for robust recourse under variables’ distributions. Finally, we empirically compare our method with perturbation-robust recourse and show that our method can provide higher validity at a lower cost
Optimisation of arene-ruthenium complexes for photodynamic therapy
No full textMembers of the jury:
Prof. Dr Bruno Therrien – PhD thesis director, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Prof. Dr Stephan H. von Reuss – Internal examiner, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland
Prof. Dr Bernhard Spingler – External examiner, University of Zurich, Switzerland
Thesis defended on the 26th of November 2024
No thesis : 3197Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-stage treatment that requires three elements: light, a photosensitiser (PS) and oxygen so as to destroy cancerous and precancerous cells. When the PS is exposed to specific wavelengths of light, it becomes activated from a ground to an excited state. As it returns to the ground state, it releases energy, which is transferred to oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), like singlet oxygen and free radicals. These ROS mediate cellular toxicity. PDT is used to treat a variety of diseases, including acne, psoriasis, age-related macular degeneration, and several types of cancer. PDT can be limited by different factors, like non-homogeneous distribution of the PS within the tumour after administration, low availability of oxygen within the tissue that is targeted by PDT (hypoxia), high nutrients’ supply at the tumour site, the interval between the PS administration and the tissue’s exposure to light, the selected site of the PDT action within a cell (mitochondria, plasma membrane, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, or nuclei), prolonged light sensitivity of the treated area, or even the cost of the PS, to name some of them. Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are able to trap singlet oxygen 1O2. Some of the endoperoxides (EPOs), thus obtained, exhibit the exceptional feature of releasing oxygen, frequently in the excited singlet state, upon heating or UV irradiation.1 Anthracene is such an example of a highly reversible photochromic system and has already been investigated for its ability to form EPOs and transport oxygen to cancer sites.1,2 Thus, offering a strategy to overcome one limitation of PDT treatments. Therefore, with the aim to optimise the PDT efficiency, we have focused our research on developing new and more performant PDT agents that can deal with hypoxia on the tumour site with EPOs’ onsite generation, and that can target different tissue types based on the wavelength in which each PS absorbs. In this thesis, we present the development of functionalised, monocationic, anthracenyl-areneruthenium complexes and their derivatives with porphyrins, and further functionalised arenes for ruthenium complexes and dimers. In addition, new PDT agents have been synthesised incorporating different porphyrins (TPyP, DPhDPyP, and TPhMPyP) coordinated to arene ruthenium units. All new complexes have to be tested in vitro by biologists, and some of the results are presented here
"Je serai artiste !". Des Helvètes à Paris dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle
Get PDFUniNE, FLSH, Institut d'histoire, soutenue le 17 décembre 2024Au cours du XIXe siècle, Paris représente une étape incontournable dans la carrière artistique. Cette injonction à la mobilité, alimentée par une image mystifiée de la ville, de ses musées et de ses ateliers, pousse des centaines d’artistes suisses à y séjourner pour des périodes plus ou moins longues. Éloignés de leur famille, ces artistes produisent de nombreux écrits intimes, correspondances ou journaux intimes, qui n’ont, jusqu’à présent, que rarement été exploités par l’historiographie.
Or, la lecture des sources issues du for privé permet d’éclairer tout un pan de l’expérience parisienne rendue invisible par l’intérêt porté aux ateliers, aux maîtres et aux institutions. La vision, souvent idéalisée de la vie parisienne avant le départ, nourrie en partie par des clichés bohèmes, se révèle être plus complexe une fois sur place et rarement aussi idyllique qu’espérée. Les préoccupations quotidiennes prennent rapidement le pas sur l’apprentissage artistique, confrontant les jeunes artistes à de nouvelles difficultés telles que le dépaysement, l’acculturation, la gestion des finances ou encore les sociabilités. Ainsi, l’expérience parisienne dépasse en réalité l’acquisition de compétences artistiques, devenant également un apprentissage social marquant le passage à l’âge adulte.During the nineteenth century, Paris was an essential step in artist’s career. This injunction to mobility, fuelled by a mystified image of the city, its museums, and its studios, prompted hundreds of Swiss artists to stay there for varying periods of time. Away from their families, these artists produced a wealth of intimate writings, such as letters and diaries, which until now have rarely been exploited by historiography.
However, reading private sources sheds lights on a whole aspect of the Parisian experience that has been made invisible by the focus on studios, masters, and institutions. The vision of Parisian life before departure, often idealized and partly fuelled by bohemian clichés, turns out to be more complex once there, and rarely as idyllic as expected. Everyday preoccupations quickly overshadow artistic learning, confronting young artists with new difficulties such as disorientation, acculturation, financial management, and social interactions. In this way, the Parisian experience goes beyond the acquisition of artistic skills, to become a social apprenticeship that marks the transition to adulthood
Glowing belowground : investigating the evolution and biological functions of "Photorhabdus" bioluminescence
Get PDFThesis director : Dr. Ricardo A.R. Machado, University of Neuchâtel
Thesis co-director : Prof. Ted C.J. Turlings, University of Neuchâtel
Thesis Committee members : Prof. Pilar Junier, University of Neuchâtel, Prof. Matthias Erb, University of Bern
Defended on the 31st of May 2024
No de thèse : 3123Photorhabdus est un genre de bactéries vivant en symbiose avec des nématodes appartenant au genre Heterorhabditis. Ensemble, ils parasitent et tuent de petits arthropodes, y compris des insectes herbivores. Au cours du processus d'infection, les bactéries Photorhabdus produisent de la bioluminescence, rendant l'organisme parasité bioluminescent à son tour. La bioluminescence est une caractéristique répandue présente chez plus de 800 genres d'organismes et qui a évolué indépendamment au moins 94 fois au cours de l'évolution. Les bactéries Photorhabdus sont uniques car elles sont les seules bactéries terrestres connues à posséder cette capacité. Bien que la bioluminescence ait captivé les scientifiques pendant de nombreuses décennies, on sait peu de choses sur les fonctions biologiques de cette caractéristique dans les écosystèmes terrestres. Il a été postulé que la bioluminescence chez Photorhabdus résulte d'événements ancestraux de transfert horizontal de gènes. Diverses hypothèses ont été proposées concernant ses fonctions potentielles et certaines suggèrent qu'il pourrait s'agir d'un trait disparaissant sans rôle particulier. Dans cette thèse, j'ai adopté une approche interdisciplinaire pour étudier l'évolution et les fonctions biologiques de la bioluminescence chez Photorhabdus. Les principales conclusions de cette thèse incluent : (i) la bioluminescence de Photorhabdus présente une grande variabilité inter- et intra-spécifique ; (ii) la bioluminescence de Photorhabdus est un trait dynamique qui peut évoluer rapidement dans des conditions de laboratoire ; (iii) la bioluminescence ne diminue ni ne disparaît dans le genre Photorhabdus à travers des événements de spéciation successifs ; (iv) la bioluminescence est régulée par un réseau de gènes à composants multiples chez Photorhabdus ; (v) la bioluminescence est nécessaire à la symbiose entre les bactéries Photorhabdus et les nématodes Heterorhabditis ; (vi) la bioluminescence de Photorhabdus pourrait prévenir la concurrence chez les nématodes entomopathogènes ; (vii) les plantes produisent des métabolites secondaires de défense en réponse à l'exposition des racines à la bioluminescence de Photorhabdus. Cette thèse met en évidence les rôles cruciaux joués par la bioluminescence de Photorhabdus dans la relation symbiotique avec les nématodes Heterorhabditis, ainsi que ses fonctions régulatrices au sein des écosystèmes terrestres.
ABSTRACT
Photorhabdus is a genus of bacteria living in symbiosis with soil-dwelling nematodes belonging to the genus Heterorhabditis. Together, they parasitize and kill small arthropods, including herbivorous insects belowground. Photorhabdus bacteria have the singular capacity to chemically produce and emit cyan light, a phenomenon known as bioluminescence. During the infection process, Photorhabdus bacteria produce bioluminescence resulting in the glow of the parasitized organism. Bioluminescence is a widespread trait present in more than 800 genera of organisms that has evolved independently at least 94 times through evolution. Nonetheless, Photorhabdus bacteria are unique as they are the only known terrestrial bacteria to possess this capability. While bioluminescence has captivated scientists for many decades, little is known about the biological functions of this trait in soil ecosystems. Photorhabdus bioluminescence is thought to originate from ancient horizontal gene transfer events. Various hypotheses have been proposed regarding its potential functions and some suggest that it may be a disappearing trait with no particular role. In this thesis, I took an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the evolution and biological functions of Photorhabdus bioluminescence. The main findings from this thesis include: (i) Photorhabdus bioluminescence displays a great inter- and intra-specific variability across the genus; (ii) Photorhabdus bioluminescence is an evolutionary dynamic trait that can rapidly evolve under laboratory conditions in a strain-specific manner; (iii) bioluminescence neither decreases nor disappears in the Photorhabdus genus through subsequent speciation events; (iv) bioluminescence is regulated by a multi-component network of genes in Photorhabdus; (v) bioluminescence is required for successful symbiosis between Photorhabdus bacteria and Heterorhabditis nematodes; (vi) Photorhabdus bioluminescence might prevent competitions in entomopathogenic nematodes; (vii) plants produce defensive secondary metabolites in response to root exposure to Photorhabdus bioluminescence. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the biological functions of belowground bioluminescence. It highlights the crucial roles played by Photorhabdus bioluminescence in the symbiotic relationship with Heterorhabditis nematodes, as well as its regulatory functions within soil ecosystems
Data integration and automated geological modeling of Quaternary aquifers
No full textThesis advisor: Philippe Renard, Université de Neuchâtel, CH
Examiners: Luca Colombera, Università di Pavia, I
Marijke Huysmans, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B
Dany Lauzon, Polytechnique Montréal, CA
Julien Straubhaar, Université de Neuchâtel, CH
Philip Wehrens, Swisstopo, CH
Defended on the 30th of May 2024
No de thèse : 3119Cette thèse a pour sujet d’étude la modélisation de l’hétérogénéité des aquifères et formations géologiques du Quaternaire. Plus particulièrement, elle cherche à intégrer au mieux les données géologiques existantes au sein des procédures de modélisation et à trouver des façons de les automatiser au maximum. Différents axes de recherches sont investigués afin de répondre à ces problématiques.
Dans un premier temps, une revue littéraire des méthodes de modélisation de faciès, caractérisant largement l’hétérogénéité du sous-sol, est réalisée afin d’avoir une vue aussi complète que possible sur les algorithmes et méthodes existantes. Le but était aussi de proposer une classification récente et actualisée de ces méthodes dans le but d’aider à la sélection d’une méthode en fonction des situations. Les potentielles lacunes en matière de recherche dans ce domaine sont également identifiées. A la suite de cela, une proposition d’une approche hiérarchique, semi-automatique et stochastique, appelée ArchPy est proposée. Elle permet de facilement combiner l’expertise géologique, représentée sous la forme d’une pile stratigraphique, et les différentes données géologiques. Cette approche hiérarchique opère en trois étapes: unité stratigraphique, faciès et propriétés pétrophysiques. Elles représentent différentes échelles de complexité géologique et permettent d’atteindre une grande complexité en terme d’hétérogénéité. ArchPy a ensuite été utilisé sur différents sites géologiques afin de démontrer ses capacités de modélisation. Cependant, ArchPy est confronté à certains problèmes qui limitent son automatisation. En particulier, la difficulté associée à la construction de la pile stratigraphique a conduit à la proposition d’un nouvel algorithme pour déterminer automatiquement la pile stratigraphique sur la base des données lithologiques des forages. Une méthode est également proposée afin de résoudre le problème récurrent des informations stratigraphiques manquantes dans les données de forages. Une fois l’approche ArchPy mise en place, il est nécessaire d’affiner sa deuxième étape - la modélisation des faciès - qui est particulièrement délicate à modéliser en fonction du contexte géologique. Dans ce but, une nouvelle méthode de modélisation des faciès, appelée EROSim, permet de mieux représenter les structures sédimentaires. Cette méthode a la particularité qu’elle utilise des surfaces pour représenter les différents évènements géologiques pouvant affecter l’hétérogénéité d’une formation sédimentaire. Les outils et méthodes présentées montrent l’intérêt et le bénéfice des méthodes stochastiques, automatisées et en
accès libre pour la modélisation géologique. ArchPy pose notamment les bases d’une boite à outils de modélisation géologique stochastique ayant un large panel d’utilisations, tel que la réalisation de modèles géologiques complexes ou le couplage dans des processus d’inversion. Cette thèse participe ainsi au développement d’une modélisation géologique devenant de plus en plus accessible et libre d’accès, pour le bien commun de la communauté géoscientifique, et au-delà.
ABSTRACT
The subject of this thesis is the modeling of heterogeneity in Quaternary aquifers and geological formations. More specifically, it seeks to integrate existing geological data into modeling procedures and find ways of automating them as far as possible. Various lines of research are being investigated to address these challenges. First, a literature review of facies modeling methods, characterizing the heterogeneity of the subsurface, is carried out in order to gain an overview as complete as possible of existing algorithms and methods. The aim was also to propose a recent and up-to-date classification of these methods, to help in the selection of a method according to the situation. Potential research gaps in this field are also identified. Second, an approach and module is developed to tackle the challenges of the thesis. The result is the proposal of a hierarchical, semi-automatic and stochastic approach, called ArchPy, which makesit easy to combine geological expertise, represented in the form of a stratigraphic pile, and various geological data. This hierarchical approach operatesin three stages: stratigraphic unit, facies and petrophysical properties. These represent different scales of geological complexity, and enable a high degree of heterogeneity to be achieved. In order to demonstrate ArchPy’s usefulness, it is then applied to different geological sites and improved at several pointsdepending on the situation. However, ArchPy faces some issues that limits its automation. In particular, the difficulty associated with the construction of the stratigraphic pile led to the proposition of a new algorithm to automatically determine the stratigraphic pile based on borehole records. A method is also proposed to solve the recurrent problem of missing stratigraphic information in drilling data. Once ArchPy approach is set up, it is necessary to refine its second step - facies modeling - which is particularly to accurately model depending on the geological context. To this aim, a novel facies modeling methods, called EROSim, to better represent sedimentary structures is proposed. This method is distinctive because it employs surfaces to represent various geological events that can impact the heterogeneity of a sedimentary formation. The presented tools and methods showcase the advantages and usefulness of stochastic, automated, and open-access methods for geological modeling. Specifically, ArchPy establishes the groundwork for a stochastic geological modeling toolbox with a broad range of applications, including the creation of intricate geological models or coupling in inversion processes. This thesis contributes to the development of geological modeling, which is becoming more accessible and available to the geoscientific community and beyond
On a Galois property of fields generated by the torsion of an abelian variety
No full textIn this article, we study a certain Galois property of subextensions of k(A_tors), the minimal field of definition of all torsion points of an abelian variety A defined over a number field k. Concretely, we show that each subfield of k(A_tors) that is Galois over k (of possibly infinite degree) and whose Galois group has finite exponent is contained in an abelian extension of some finite extension of k. As an immediate corollary of this result and a theorem of Bombieri and Zannier, we deduce that each such field has the Northcott property, that is, does not contain any infinite set of algebraic numbers of bounded height