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Review of Dessì, Rosa Maria, and Didier Méhu (eds) . Images, signes et paroles dans l’Occident médiéval. Collection d' études médiévales de Nice. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2022
No full textMandat DIAF – Portrait social de l’agriculture fribourgeoise Volet « Indicateurs sociaux ». Rapport d’étude
No full textPour qui sont faites les prisons ?
Get PDFOscillant aux alentours de 75 détenu·e·s pour 100'000 habitant·e·s, le taux d’incarcération suisse est relativement bas en comparaison internationale. La part de la population suisse qui fera l’expérience de l’enfermement au cours de sa vie diminue tendanciellement depuis plus d’un siècle et est actuellement de l’ordre de 1 %. Néanmoins, il est deux groupes sociaux qui sont fortement surreprésentés parmi les détenu·e·s et qui apparaissent donc comme particulièrement visés par les institutions pénales : les personnes socio-économiquement précarisées, issues des classes les plus pauvres de la société, et les immigré·e·s dit·e·s « indésirables », illégalisé·e·s par l’absence d’un permis de séjour.fals
Rapid and In-situ Detection of Biological Agents via Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Cloud-Powered Neural Networks
Get PDFThe contagious nature of certain biological agents and the difficulty in treating infections render them a significant threat to public health and safety. In situations involving chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents, effective detection is of paramount importance to prevent the undetected spread of these agents and enable swift and targeted responses tailored to the specific threat. Although portable detection tools are effective for chemical and nuclear detection, current biological detection methods face several challenges, including limited mobility, extended processing times, and varying accuracy. In the context of biological threats, where agents such as anthrax can be rapidly dispersed due to environmental factors and human activities, rapid detection is of paramount importance. It is imperative to develop field-applicable detection devices that are highly selective, capable of differentiating between biological and non-biological agents, as well as benign and harmful microorganisms. This study examines the potential of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in conjunction with machine learning as a rapid in-situ biological detection method. The objective is to distinguish between biological agents and common white powders that are used as confounding agents in suspect letters. The non-pathogenic surrogates employed are safe and representative of typical biological warfare agents. The near-infrared (NIR) spectra of lyophilized bacterial and fungal surrogates, along with common white powders, were subjected to analysis and processing through the application of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). This resulted in the successful classification of the samples into distinct groups. The classification model demonstrated high accuracy in its prediction, thereby emphasizing the potential of the method for field detection of solid biological agents. These promising results suggest that NIR spectroscopy combined with machine learning could be further investigated as a rapid in-situ tool for biological detection in CBRN contexts
Dance religious convers(at)ions: post‐exotic ethnography of the circulation of sabar and <i>Baye Fall</i> aesthetics in France and Switzerland
Get PDFThis article draws on an ethnography of the transmission of Senegalese sabar dancing in France and Switzerland to discuss how the religious pathways of sabar enthusiasts bear witness to many modes of adoption or rejection of Mouride and Baye Fall aesthetics. I focus on several portraits of students in order to highlight three modalities of the relationship with Baye Fall aesthetics, faith, and religious knowledge, ranging from the dissociation between dance and religious meaning to conversion and immersion into Baye Fallism. I defend the importance of elaborating post-exotic anthropological tools – such as the ideas of ethnophilia or religious conversations – in order to grasp the nexus of affects, embodied experiences, and intimate relationships that are conducive to and mediate the religious pathways of sabar enthusiasts
Corpus linguistics meets historical linguistics and construction grammar: how far have we come, and where do we go from here?
Get PDFThis paper aims to give an overview of corpus-based research that investigates processes of language change from the theoretical perspective of Construction Grammar. Starting in the early 2000s, a dynamic community of researchers has come together in order to contribute to this effort. Among the different lines of work that have characterized this enterprise, this paper discusses the respective roles of qualitative approaches, diachronic collostructional analysis, multivariate techniques, distributional semantic models, and analyses of network structure. The paper tries to contextualize these approaches and to offer pointers for future research
Le «codébiteur solidaire» du locataire dans un bail d’habitation : engagement solidaire ou cautionnement déguisé ?
No full textRésumé et analyse, Tribunal cantonal neuchâtelois – CACIV.2023.82, Cour d’appel civile, Arrêt du 11 décembre 202
Enhancing tree performance through species mixing: Review of a quarter-century of TreeDivNet experiments reveals research gaps and practical insights
Get PDFPurpose of Review International ambitions for massive afforestation and restoration are high. To make these investments sustainable and resilient under future climate change, science is calling for a shift from planting monocultures to mixed forests. But what is the scientific basis for promoting diverse plantations, and what is the feasibility of their establishment and management? As the largest global network of tree diversity experiments, TreeDivNet is uniquely positioned to answer these pressing questions. Building on 428 peer-reviewed TreeDivNet studies, combined with the results of a questionnaire completed by managers of 32 TreeDivNet sites, we aimed to answer the following questions: (i) How and where have TreeDivNet experiments enabled the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance (including productivity, survival, and pathogen damage) to be studied, and what has been learned? (ii) What are the remaining key knowledge gaps in our understanding of the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance? and (iii) What practical insights can be gained from the TreeDivNet experiments for operational, real-world forest plantations? Recent Findings We developed a conceptual framework that identifies the variety of pathways through which target tree performance is related to local neighbourhood diversity and mapped the research efforts for each of those pathways. Experimental research on forest mixtures has focused primarily on direct tree diversity effects on productivity, with generally positive effects of species and functional diversity on productivity. Fewer studies focused on indirect effects mediated via biotic growing conditions (e.g. soil microbes and herbivores) and resource availability and uptake. Most studies examining light uptake found positive effects of species diversity. For pests and diseases, the evidence points mostly towards lower levels of infection for target trees when growing in mixed plantations. Tree diversity effects on the abiotic growing conditions (e.g. microclimate, soil properties) and resource-use efficiency have been less well studied to date. The majority of tree diversity experiments are situated in temperate forests, while (sub)tropical forests, and boreal forests in particular, remain underrepresented.
Summary TreeDivNet provides evidence in favour of mixing tree species to increase tree productivity while identifying a variety of different processes that drive these diversity effects. The design, scale, age, and management of TreeDivNet experiments reflect their focus on fundamental research questions pertaining to tree diversity-ecosystem function relationships and this scientific focus complicates translation of findings into direct practical management guidelines. Future research could focus on (i) filling the knowledge gaps related to underlying processes of tree diversity effects to better design plantation schemes, (ii) identifying optimal species mixtures, and (iii) developing practical approaches to make experimental mixed plantings more management oriented.tru