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« Favoriser la garde alternée », prise de position sur l’initiative parlementaire Kamerzin 21.449
Full text linkChroniqueFaisant suite à l’initiative parlementaire 21.449 « Favoriser la garde alternée en cas d’autorité parentale conjointe » visant à promouvoir un aménagement plus égalitaire de la prise en charge des enfants après une séparation ou un divorce des parents, la Commission des affaires juridiques du Conseil national a adopté, lors de sa séance du 23 mai 2025, un avant-projet de modification du code civil (Favoriser la garde alternée) et décidé de le mettre en consultation. La Commission a proposé deux variantes de mise en œuvre.
Dans le cadre de la procédure de consultation, la Chaire de droit des familles de l’Université de Neuchâtel adressé une prise de position à la Commission des affaires juridiques du Conseil national qui s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet de recherche SNSF SINERGIA PROJECT (FamyCH) Family Custody Arrangements and Child Well-Being in Switzerland 2023-2027 (legal team)
Designing landscapes of affordances for ageing in place
Full text linkAbstract. This paper aims to contribute theoretically, methodologically, and empirically to research and interventions regarding ageing in place. Theoretically, the paper contributes by drawing on the literature on landscapes of care and landscapes of affordances to suggest a multiscalar and more-than-human approach to ageing in place. Methodologically, we argue that studying ageing in place requires a participatory and translational methodology. Participatory methods are, on one hand, a prerequisite for an understanding of how older adults live their daily lives and particularly use a “landscape of affordances” in their social and material environment. A translational process, on the other hand, is necessary to elaborate research results incrementally across the different stages that lead to interventions on the ground. Finally, empirically, we draw on results of a study based on go-along interviews, photographic observations, and biographic interviews. In its empirical part, our paper describes the difficulties and gains of the different aspects of this participatory and translational process. In summary, the paper both develops the conceptual underpinnings of “ageing in place” and informs the methodologies of applied research in this domain.
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Volition ascription to the addressee in a diachronic perspective
Full text linkAbstract
Pragmatic studies have recently shown that volition ascription to the addressee corresponds to specific strategies and deserves more attention. This paper discusses a series of post-volitional developments attested by second-person forms of the Latin verb uolo (‘I want’). Whilst these grammaticalisation phenomena — some of which are also attested cross-linguistically — have mainly been dealt with separately, this paper shows that they can be treated in a unified manner, as all originally employ volition ascription as a conversational strategy. In Latin, uolo constructions featuring the verb in the second person allowed the speaker to offer the addressee options to choose from or, in the case of prohibitive sentences, to preclude them from a specific choice. In this way, this paper sheds new light on volition ascription strategies as a pragmatic device and their diachronic developments in Latin as well as cross-linguistically.</jats:p
Beyond narratives of decline versus success: retirement through the lens of a diary
No full textRetirement is rarely conceptualised in terms of learning and development. However, as the end of professional activity approaches, many people begin to reflect deeply on the past, present, and future of their lives. This potentially profound reflection involves a complex process of learning and development to which research has paid too little attention. This article places the voice of a retiree at the centre of the study and provides a nuanced understanding of retirement, sensitive to the changes and difficulties of narrative sense-making activity in this transition, with all its ambiguities and complexities. The article analyses the 24-year diary of a man who goes through retirement, exploring the narrative sense-making dynamics by which this diarist interprets his retirement: initially it is mentioned with a combination of desire, idealisation, fear, and insecurity; then it is experienced as a deep personal crisis with depression; and afterward it is reinterpreted in a nuanced, positive, and constructive way. The analysis reveals the intertwining of cultural and personal dimensions in narrative sense-making. Sense-making around retirement is not passive or merely descriptive of the event, but instead is an integral part of what the process of retirement itself can become
Digital Risks and Family Dynamics: Adolescents’ Perceptions of How Communication Styles Shape Risky Social Media Behavior
No full textThis thesis examines how family communication styles influence adolescents’ engagement in risky social media behaviours. Draw-ing from Family Communication Patterns Theory (Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2002), Baumrind’s Parenting Styles Framework (1991), and the Biopsychosocial Model of Adolescent Risk-Taking (Sales & Irwin, 2009), it explores how family dynamics, internalized norms, and external influences shape online behaviour. These frameworks emphasize the importance of communication orienta-tion, parenting responsiveness and control, and the interplay of developmental, social, and individual factors. The study investi-gates how adolescents describe family communication around online risks, whether open communication fosters digital literacy, and the effects of restrictive styles on disclosure and secrecy. It also examines the role of peer norms in digital decision-making. Research questions are operationalized through qualitative focus groups, enabling an exploration of how theoretical constructs are reflected in lived experiences. The analysis attends to how participants describe and attribute meaning to these constructs within family relationships and digital practices. This approach preserves the conceptual integrity of the models while extending them into an adolescent-centred and meaning-focused qualitative exploration
Immunité diplomatique : l’engagement d’une domestique, une «activité commerciale» ? : commentaire de l’arrêt du Tribunal fédéral 4A_170/2024
No full textRésumé et commentaire, Tribunal fédéral – 4A_170/2024, destiné à la publication, Ire Cour de droit civil, Arrêt du 25 septembre 202
Giant transposons promote strain heterogeneity in a major fungal pathogen
Full text linkFungal infections are difficult to prevent and treat in large part due to strain heterogeneity, which confounds diagnostic predictability. Yet, the genetic mechanisms driving strain-to-strain variation remain poorly understood. Here, we determined the extent to which Starships—giant transposons capable of mobilizing numerous fungal genes—generate genetic and phenotypic variability in the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. We analyzed 519 diverse strains, including 11 newly sequenced with long-read technology and multiple isolates of the same reference strain, to reveal 20 distinct Starships that are generating genomic heterogeneity over timescales relevant for experimental reproducibility. Starship-mobilized genes encode diverse functions, including known biofilm-related virulence factors and biosynthetic gene clusters, and many are differentially expressed during infection and antifungal exposure in a strain-specific manner. These findings support a new model of fungal evolution wherein Starships help generate variation in genome structure, gene content, and expression among fungal strains. Together, our results demonstrate that Starships are a previously hidden mechanism generating genotypic and, in turn, phenotypic heterogeneity in a major human fungal pathogen
Global diversification of the common moonwort ferns (Botrychium lunaria group, Ophioglossaceae) was mainly driven by Pleistocene climatic shifts
Full text linkBackground and Aims
The cosmopolitan Botrychium lunaria group belongs to the most species-rich genus of the family Ophioglossaceae and was considered to consist of two species until molecular studies in North America and northern Europe led to the recognition of multiple new taxa. Recently, additional genetic lineages were found scattered in Europe, emphasizing our poor understanding of the global diversity of the B. lunaria group, although the processes involved in the diversification of the group remain unexplored.
Methods
We conducted the first global phylogenetic study of the group, including 533 ingroup accessions sequenced for four plastid loci. We compared results of Bayesian and maximum likelihood-based methods. We used the phylogenetic relationship we recovered to estimate the timing of divergence with BEAST. We explored ecological segregation between species with climatic variables (CHELSA database) and soil pH measurements. The ploidy level and genome size were estimated with flow cytometry.
Key Results
We recovered nine well-supported clades, although relationships between clades were inconsistent between Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses. We treated each clade at the species level, except for one clade including two ploidy levels and one including two recognized diploid species, one of which appeared as a subclade (Botrychium nordicum) of the other (B. lunaria), resulting in the recognition of 11 species, 4 of which are unnamed. In contrast to previous studies, we found species diversity to be distributed equally across the Northern Hemisphere, with six to eight species per continent. We estimated the stem age of the B. lunaria group at 2.5–5.3 Myr, with most species 1.5–2.6 Myr old and subclades 0.2–1.0 Myr old. Diversification thus coincided with Pleistocene climatic fluctuations that strongly affected the areas inhabited by the group, suggesting that diversification was driven by climatically induced cycles of extinction, dispersal and migration. Furthermore, ecological differentiation between species suggests that these complex population dynamics were associated with adaptations to specific environmental conditions. We found limited evidence that speciation is driven by polyploidization and hybridization.
Conclusions
The B. lunaria group radiation was most probably driven by the Pleistocene climatic shifts. For the first time, we show that ecological drivers might have played a role in the diversification of this group, rather than polyploidization. Furthermore, the B. lunaria group has greater species-level diversity than previously assumed, and we suspect that further cryptic species might await discovery, especially in the B. neolunaria clade
Changement de sexe d’une mineure de 16 ans dans le registre de l’état civil : rôle de l’officier d’état civil
Full text linkRésumé et analyse, Tribunal fédéral – 5A_623/2024, destiné à la publication, IIe Cour de droit civil, Arrêt du 6 novembre 2024 (f