Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development
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Unemployment, Employment, and Wage Rates Continued to Improve for Aboriginals in 2018
No full textEmployment, unemployment and wage rates improved for Aboriginals in Canada in 2018, while their participation rate decreased. For non-Aboriginals unemployment and wage rates also improved; however, their employment rate was unchanged, and their participation rate decreased. All four of these employment measures, which are employment, unemployment, participation, and wages, rates are and historically have been more favourable for non-Aboriginals than for Aboriginals. The differences in employment and wage rates are partially explained by the education level completed. The measures of employment are examined by gender, age, province, economic sector, education, and for Métis, First Nations, and Inuit
The Emerging Indigenous Language Economy: Labour Market Demand for Indigenous Language Skills in the Upper Great Lakes
No full textLanguage revitalization is necessarily intertwined with economic spheres, as Grenoble and Whaley have expressed that the economic wellbeing of a community influences its ability to engage in such efforts (2006, p. 44). Conversely, health researchers assert that cultural continuity, in which language is inextricably linked, is a prerequisite to self-sufficiency and community sustainability (Oster, Grier, Lightning, Mayan, & Troth, 2014). Nonetheless, the place of Indigenous language(s) within labour market research has often focused on the need for greater access to dominant-language education (MacIsaac & Patrinos, 1995) or the impact on wage differentials (Chiswick, Patrinos, & Hurst, 2000) while research on Indigenous language revitalization in Canada has been largely silent on the relationship to economic spheres, and community economic development literature has engaged with notions of culture more broadly. Drawing on interviews and focus groups from a selection of Anishinaabe communities in Northern Ontario, Canada, this research identifies existing needs for Anishinaabe language speakers within the regional labour market, showcasing the oft-overlooked economic demand for Indigenous language skills. Support for this project was provided by the Ontario Human Capital Research and Innovation Fund from the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities
International Indigenous Business and Trade and the Role of Culture: A Comparison between Aotearoa Maori and Alaska Native Enterprises
No full textIndigenous enterprises are increasingly engaging in international business and trade, mainly in agriculture, forestry, fishing, and tourism, to grow Indigenous economies. The experiences of the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand (the Maori) and of Alaska provide a context and case through which to explore cross-cultural exchanges in business. In this conceptual paper, we review literature on the role of culture in international business and trade, focusing on indigeneity in international Indigenous business. We find that when commonality and mutual respect are established in cross-cultural exchanges in business, there is said to be cultural congruity. When material cultural differences inhibit cross-cultural business, there is cultural discordance. Specific examples are used to show how Indigenous firms in Aotearoa New Zealand and in Alaska compare. This paper provides scope for other Indigenous peoples to explore how their cultures influence firm-level performance and international trade
Leadership and Followership
No full textLEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWERSHIP While the focus of understanding leadership has typically been understanding who a leader is, what characteristics are possessed by the leader, what a leader does, and the match between leadership behaviour and the situation, a more recent trend in the leadership literature is to understand that leadership does not function in isolation - rather, it is part of a dyadic relationship with followership. The leader comes to rely on those who provide this support, which in turn can provide a positive exchange for both leader and follower. [...]followership can actually direct leadership through its expectations and can also, in part, explain leadership behaviours and effectiveness (Wang, Van Iddekinge, Zhang, & Bishoff, 2018). Sometimes leadership is given based on an expectation that there will be a reward provided for following a particular individual; or alternatively, in some cases, leadership is given through fear that there will be punishment or retribution if followership is not provided. [...]expectations inherent in particular situations can impact who is chosen to be a leader and the extent to which others are willing to follow that individual. LEARNING ABOUT LEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWERSHIP While every individual holds implicit ideas of what leadership is and is not, and what makes leadership a success or a failure, examining leadership through the lens of research helps to establish more generalized views of leadership, and can also aid in understanding how followership develops, and the role of followership in developing leadership
2018 Economic Developer of the Year Award Winners
No full textCando Economic Developer of the Year Award Winner Individual Category Tom Many Heads Siksika Resource Development Ltd., Alberta Since becoming the CEO of the Siksika Resource Development Ltd. (SRDL) in 2010, Tom Many Heads has played an instrumental role with various business ventures on his First Nation. [...]officials with the SRDL are going full steam ahead with their plans to have the Siksika Nation become the first First Nation in Canada to have a medical marijuana production facility on its own land. Several other businesses, including a food court and a Ford car dealership, are located in the centre. Cando Economic Developer of the Year Award Winner Indigenous Private Sector Business Category Yukon Motel & Restaurant Teslin, Yukon A dozen years ago, while working as a conservation officer and trying to raise three young children in addition to being pregnant again, an opportunity arose that drastically changed the work career of Juanita Kremer and that of her husband, Steve, as well
Indigenous Collaboration for Leadership Development: A Canadian Example
No full textThe purpose of this study is to describe how a Canadian provincial government department (Alberta Sport Council) collaborated with Indigenous communities, other government inter-agencies, corporate sponsors, and private business contractors in the creation, implementation, and measurement of the impact of an Indigenous youth leadership development program (also known as the Alberta\u27s Future Leaders program or AFL). Based on the analysis of provincial government departments reports, input by government staff in previous reports, Indigenous youth leadership development program evaluations, reviews by the youth leadership development program creators and facilitators, and university research reports on the program, a collaborative consultative process emerged. The Dynamic Facilitating Process Model evolved to systematically describe the collaborative process that took place that recognized and promoted Indigenous consultation, consent, and involvement supporting Indigenous communities\u27 priorities and protocols. The six phases in the Dynamic Facilitating Process that emerged are (1) Defining, (2) Designing, (3) Implementing, (4) Measuring, (5) Maintaining, and (6) Refining. Each of the phases in the model is clearly described with supporting collaborative examples with the different partners. Special attention was given to measure the impact of the youth leadership development program on Indigenous youth participants and to describe the impact of the youth leadership development program in Indigenous communities. This applied research and resulting model can serve as a guide for other governments and their inter-agencies, businesses, or other organizations that wish to engage in a positive collaborative process with Indigenous communities