Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development
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Understanding Manitoba’s Growing Indigenous Economy
No full text[...]control over traditional lands allows Indigenous peoples to decide what economic endeavours are best suited to sustained success. [...]not only has infrastructure spending provided viable economic opportunities for Indigenous peoples across Manitoba, the developmental success of Indigenous economies constitutes a vital part of the larger Manitoba economy. Stemming from this is a joint effort to establish a Development Corporation that would funnel profit generated by NCN into "capital, business development, and NCN government run programs" (Ashton et al., 2019, p. 157). The Mystery Lake Hotel, Trappers Tavern, and gas station are the primary sources of revenue, supported by the training provided by NCN to community members in hospitality, management, and accounting (Ashton et al., 2019)
Discovering the Meaning of Leadership: A Canadian First Nations Exploration
No full textFirst Nations Canadians are in a unique cultural context, with values resulting from both traditional, heritage influences and Eurocentric Canadian influences. Different patterns of endorsing heritage versus mainstream values have resulted. This research examined leadership preferences in First Nations individuals. Linking acculturation patterns to descriptors of leadership attributes that enhance or inhibit outstanding leadership, characteristics of leadership prototypes were developed for members of four acculturative strategy groups. These leadership prototypes were then compared with existing academic leadership theories
A Case Study on How Indigenous Community Leadership is “Weeding” Through Emerging Economies
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Price of the Soil: Property Values of Leaseholds and Certificates of Possession
No full textThis paper presents the empirical analysis of property values across a sample of 228 leaseholds and 79 Certificates of Possession (CP) on 34 First Nation Reserves. The property values were benchmarked against a sample of 338 fee simple property sales in 34 comparable non-Indigenous communities. The results were that leaseholds were discounted 17-75% (with a mean of 24%) and CPs were discounted 65-98% (with a mean of 88%). Data across 14 factors was used to analyze trends in property values. Three trends were noteworthy: (1) Leasehold values were higher in communities where the community housing score (estimate of the quality of housing) was higher; (2) CP values were higher in communities where the ratio of informality was lower (estimate of the proportion of properties held by formalized rights under the Indian Act); and (3) Property values were higher when Chief and Council remuneration was higher. The steep discounts observed here must spur research into the viability of existing land tenure/registration systems on First Nation Reserves and into the merits of new institutions to serve First Nations
Insurgent Economics: Reflections on Community-Based Research and First Nations–Settler Entity Economic Relationships
No full textLast year JAED published a paper I wrote (Sommers, 2017) in which I made use of Kevin Bruyneel’s (2007) work on the “third space of sovereignty” to examine how Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation manages to both participate in capitalism (in Bruyneel’s words, “demand rights and resources from the liberal-democratic state”) and assert its sovereignty (“challenge the imposition of colonial rule”). I had written the paper in late 2015 for a class at the University of Alberta, and, four months later, in early 2016, a Community Service Learning (CSL) project prompted me to think further about the potential of Indigenous economic activity to advance Indigenous sovereignty and challenge the imposition of colonial rule.
In this article, I will borrow from Adam Gaudry’s principles of “insurgent research” (2011: 36), which I studied while completing my CSL project, to present my argument that First Nation–settler entity economic relationships2 can become “insurgent economic relationships” — relationships that are mutually beneficial economically to First Nations and settler entities, but also serve to further Indigenous sovereignty and challenge the imposition of colonial rule. In the context of this paper, I will imagine the “insurgent” aspect of these insurgent economic relationships in terms of Shalene Jobin’s discussion of the Plains Cree nation; in other words, I will assume that the First Nation’s “aspirations” within an insurgent FNSEER are to fight “for space within colonial structures while re-establishing their own governing processes” (Jobin, 2013: 601–602). The purpose of this article is not necessarily to outline how a FNSEER should actually be negotiated in the “real world”, but rather to imagine hypothetically how a FNSEER might be used to further Indigenous sovereignty. I will conclude the paper with some comments regarding why settler corporations might be amenable to an insurgent FNSEER
Employment and Wages in 2017: A Good Year for Aboriginals and Non-Aboriginals in Canada
No full textEmployment, unemployment and wage rates improved for Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals in Canada in 2017. Participation rates remained the same for Aboriginals and slightly increased for non-Aboriginals. All four of these rates, employment, unemployment, participation and wages, are currently and historically more favourable for non-Aboriginals than for Aboriginals. However, when examined by the educational level completed, wage and employment rates are similar. Measures of employment are examined by gender, age, province, economic sector, and education, and for Métis, First Nations and Inuit
