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Algorithmic Empathy: On Two Paradigms of Digital Generative Literature and the Need for a Critique of AI Works
Get PDFSoft Law in EU Migration Cooperation with Associated Countries – A Comparative Perspective
Get PDFThe war in Syria transformed the temporary stay of refugees in Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon into a protracted situation. These countries represent strategic partners to the EU in the governance of transit migration. The EU adopted three non-binding bilateral arrangements: The Turkey Statement, the Jordan Compact and the Lebanon Compact. This thesis pursued the following research question: What are the legal effects of the Turkey Statement, the Jordan Compact and the Lebanon Compact on the relations between the EU and these three associated countries in terms of migration and how do they impact the situation of Syrian refugees hosted in these countries? The Compacts had facilitating and strengthening legal effects on the association links with the EU. In contrast, the Turkey Statement had transformative and multilevel legal effects that contributed to an informalization of relations. This study provided one approach to the lack of legal research on the external dimension of EU governance
Zwischen „fremden Händeln“ und der „Weltpolizei“. Der Diskurs um die Beteiligung der Schweiz an friedenserhaltenden Operationen nach 1945
Get PDFAfter initially supporting selected peacekeeping missions as a means of distancing itself from the UN as an institution, Switzerland slowly adopted a more progressive position during the Cold War, which led to an increase in participation in the 1990s. The source material – parliamentary protocols since 1945 – shows that among the political parties in Switzerland, the political right was oftentimes the lone opponent to more involvement in such missions, as there was relatively little other opposition to an intensification of traditional peacekeeping activities. However, attempts to relativize national neutrality concepts met broad resistance, as did attempts by the government to take too many (or too large) steps at once. The examined parliamentary discussions focus on obligations under international law, national legal provisions and political priorities – and the famous Swiss neutrality is used in both political and judicial terms as an argument by all sides
Working Paper 33: A worm’s-eye view of wildlife trafficking in Uganda: The path of least resistance
Get PDFThis Working Paper is a key output of the Basel Institute's Green Corruption programme, a multi-disciplinary engagement that targets environmental degradation through tested anti-corruption, asset recovery and governance methods. The research is funded by PMI Impact as part of a wider project on intelligence-led on financial crime in illegal wildlife trade (IWT).
The fight against wildlife trafficking is a global one. Wildlife trafficking constitutes the fourth-largest form of illicit trade flow in the world. Its prevalence is often explained in economic terms: it is a “low-risk, high-profit” trade. Global efforts are therefore directed at increasing the “costs” of wildlife trafficking and reducing the rewards.
However, rational cost-benefit calculations by individuals seeking personal economic gain do not fully explain why wildlife trafficking is so prevalent. Nor, therefore, will it be solved by passing new laws and strengthening law enforcement alone. Scholars as well as development and law enforcement practitioners increasingly recognise the importance of considering the way in which the local context and socio-cultural structures (so-called behavioural drivers) influence the behaviours of individuals and their propensity to engage in wildlife trafficking.
This social context is not only an anchor for decision-making but also influences the strategies through which wildlife trafficking is organised. Individuals are part of informal networks. Social connections in and between the networks facilitate the transportation of wildlife products from poachers to buyers across vast geographical spaces. Public officials can be part of such networks too. In such cases those individuals, rather than enforcing the law, use their position to cover up the trafficking of wildlife products out of parks, cities and ports in East Africa.
This approach of emphasising context-sensitive behavioural drivers anchors the research activities that the Public Governance division is leading in Uganda as part of the wider programme of work of the Institute. Uganda is a hub for wildlife trafficking in East Africa. High volumes of wild animal products are transported into, through and out of Uganda using various methods and strategies. Taking a worm’s-eye perspective, the research aims to provide further understanding on:
Why wildlife trafficking happens, by focusing on the economic and behavioural drivers of wildlife trafficking and the role of the broader governance environment in generating increased corruption risks in public offices mandated to prevent and combat wildlife trafficking.
How wildlife trafficking happens, by focusing on the role and strategies employed by informal networks of poachers, middlemen and buyers to transport high volumes of wildlife products into, through and out of Uganda.
The findings are based on 47 interviews with Ugandan-based and international anti-IWT experts (IGOs, NGOs, academics and public officials) and 8 focus group discussions with wildlife conservation and anti-corruption experts in Kampala, members of reformed poachers’ networks in Western Uganda, and individuals living around a wildlife habitat in Northern Uganda. Together, these provide context-specific insights on the drivers and facilitators of wildlife trafficking in Uganda. The present report synthesises their observations and aims to contribute to the development of evidence-informed approaches to curbing the trade
Tätigkeitsbericht für das Jahr 2019
Get PDFDer Tätigkeitsbericht des Kantonsarchäologen bietet einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Kennzahlen und die Arbeiten in den verschiedenen Abteilungen der Archäologischen Bodenforschung im Jahr 2019
Correspondance de Leonhard Euler avec M.J.A.N. Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet et A.R.J. Turgot
No full textLa correspondance directe entre Euler et Condorcet comprend sept lettres rédigées par les deux savants en 1775 et 1776. Elle est complétée par une annexe de huit lettres échangées avec des disciples d’Euler entre 1775 et 1784 qui fournissent de précieuses informations supplémentaires. La correspondance d’Euler avec Turgot ne comprend que deux lettres dont cependant la première est étroitement liée à la première lettre de Condorcet à Euler et constitue ainsi un complément important.
La correspondance avec Condorcet est éditée par Christian Gilain, professeur émérite d’histoire des sciences mathématiques (Paris), en collaboration avec Vanja Hug (Bâle), docteur en histoire et coéditrice du volume IVA 7. Christian Gilain en a rédigée l’introduction ainsi que les notes. Il a aussi corrigé et complété la première version de la lettre 1, jadis préparée par René Taton. De plus, ses recherches sur Condorcet l’ont amené à redater quelques-unes des lettres. En collaboration, Christian Gilain et Vanja Hug ont complété les références bibliographiques – en tenant compte de la littérature secondaire actuelle – et vérifié les transcriptions des lettres autographes, qui furent établies au début des années 1990 sur la base de photocopies de mauvaise qualité.
En ce qui concerne la correspondance entre Euler et Turgot, l’introduction et la première lettre furent préparées par René Taton. Cette version initiale a été substantiellement modifiée par Christian Gilain, pour le choix du texte de base, et par Vanja Hug, qui a amélioré les annotations et partiellement remanié l’introduction. Elle a aussi ajouté une deuxième lettre de Turgot à Leonhard Euler et établi une première annotation
Die Entwicklung der unteren Talstadt vom Randgebiet zum urbanen Zentrum Basels
Get PDFDer Neubau des Verwaltungsgebäudes für das Amt für Umwelt und Energie (AUE) in der Spiegelgasse sowie die Werkleitungsbauten und die Oberflächensanierung auf dem Marktplatz machten 2019 zwei Rettungsgrabungen nötig. Diese brachten neue Erkenntnisse zu Bedeutung und Entwicklung der im 10. Jahrhundert noch an der Peripherie der mittelalterlichen Stadt Basel gelegenen Talstadt und Einblicke in ihre Entwicklung zum urbanen Zentrum Basels
The Structure of (Information) Infrastructure: Origins, History, and Theory of the Flow Chart
Get PDFA Legal Conquest of the Arctic? China, the European Nordic Countries and Multilateralism
Get PDFChina published its first White Paper on the Arctic region in 2018, announcing its vision of integrating it as a Polar Silk Road under its Belt and Road Initiative framework. This marked the beginning of an increasingly assertive Chinese presence in the Arctic and indicated that the region has gained strategic significance in Beijing’s foreign policy agenda. This master’s thesis examined whether the inclusion of the Arctic in the framework of China’s Belt and Road Initiative has influenced the Chinese foreign policy approach towards the Arctic countries. If the inclusion of the Arctic did indeed have an impact, this could help to assess the overall influence of the Belt and Road Initiative on China’s foreign policy and gain a better understanding of how China operates in its context