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THE ROLE OF PROCYANIDINS IN GRAPES AND WINES: EFFECTS ON QUALITY AND COMPOSITION
Get PDFProanthocyanidins in grapes and wine are oligomers and polymers of flavan-3-ols, predominantly connected through C4–C8 and/or C4–C6 bonds (B-type). These compounds significantly influence red wine’s sensory profile, particularly its color and mouthfeel. In addition, proanthocyanidins are recognized for their antioxidant and radical-scavenging properties, capable of neutralizing reactive oxygen species and preventing cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. These properties give them an important role in protecting health, with beneficial effects on the body by reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The aim of the article is to explore the role of proanthocyanidins in grapes and wine, focusing on their contributions to wine’s sensory characteristics such as color, astringency, and mouthfeel. It aims to examine the factors influencing their composition, the transformations they undergo during winemaking and aging, and their broader implications for wine quality, stability, and health benefits. The objectives of the study are to investigate the physical, chemical, and biochemical properties of procyanidins, as well as the influence of factors such as grape variety, ripeness, health status, climatic conditions, viticultural techniques, grape processing methods, wine stabilization, and aging techniques on their content
A GRAPH CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORK AND RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK ENSEMBLE FOR EXTRACTIVE TEXT SUMMARISATION IN THE HAUSA LANGUAGE
Get PDFAutomatic Text Summarisation (ATS) is crucial for managing information overload, especially in low-resource languages like Hausa. This study proposes a hybrid extractive approach that combines Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to improve sentence ranking accuracy. By integrating GCN’s structural learning with RNN’s sequential modeling, the method overcomes limitations of existing graph-based techniques. The research was conducted in Visual Studio IDE using Python 3.12.4, with key libraries like NLTK, Pandas, and NetworkX. A pre-processed Hausa news dataset was tokenised, normalised, and vectorised using TF-IDF and a pre-trained Hausa FastText model to build a sentence similarity graph. GCNs propagated sentence embeddings, while RNNs refined rankings by capturing sequential dependencies. Experiments on 113 Hausa news articles showed the GCN-RNN model outperformed Modified PageRank, achieving higher ROUGE-1 precision (90.00) and balanced F1-scores. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test confirmed significant improvements. Despite added computational overhead, the approach remains feasible for moderate datasets, with scalability as a key future focus. This study offers a robust and contextually coherent approach to Hausa text summarisation, advancing extractive summarisation techniques and multilingual ATS research. Future work will focus on optimising model efficiency and scalability while exploring transformer-based architectures for further enhancements
CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE DIRECTIONS IN THE USE OF THE GRAIN CROPS TRITICALE
Get PDFTriticale is a young crop that combines the main qualities of its ancestors - rye and wheat. This grain crop has a higher quality amino acid composition, which allows its use as raw material not only for special-purpose food products, but also for the feed industry. It is also less demanding of weather conditions and is resistant to various diseases, which allows increasing the grain harvest per hectare of crops. Breeding triticale varieties that combine high protein content with good biological quality is an important task for researchers. First of all, triticale is a grain crop, which allows expanding the range of foods and improving their nutritional value, since these products are in demand among consumers. Deficiency of protein and dietary fiber in the population's diet is still a pressing problem today. Triticale, in turn, can solve a number of problems associated with malnutrition, which makes research in this area promising and worthy of attention
QUANTUM COMPUTING FOR MULTI-QUBIT SYSTEMS USING SCHWINGER REPRESENTATION OF ANGULAR MOMENTUM
Get PDFThis paper deals with the features of quantum computing for a system containing a relatively large number of qubits n, which is characterized by a half-integer effective spin S in the Schwinger representation of paired bosons. It was shown that for n = 70, the number of boson states corresponding to lowest 2S + 1 excited energy levels of each of the two harmonic oscillators implementing the two-boson representation of the effective spin S is N = 1070 = 1.18 x 1021. Under such conditions, it can be assumed with great precision that for n ≥ 70 all boson states of both harmonic oscillators participate in the implementation of the two-boson representation of the effective spin S. This allows one to apply the quantum field theory methods when performing quantum computations for multi-qubit systems. Another advantage of the Schwinger representation of paired bosons compared to the spinor representation when performing quantum computations for multi-qubit systems is that in the first case the form of the spin projection operators of the effective spin S does not depend on the number of qubits n
CYBER SECURITY PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN CYBERCOR
Get PDFOne of the main development challenges facing the Republic of Moldova is its vulnerability to state security threats and risks. In the context of the objectives for developing the digital economy and digitalizing public services, measures to counter cyber threats and risks become imperative. Law No. 48/2023 on cyber security stipulates the implementation of requirements, measures, and mechanisms to ensure a sufficiently high level of security for networks and information systems in the Republic of Moldova, capable of guaranteeing the protection of the vital interests of individuals and legal entities, society, and the state, as well as the national interests of the Republic of Moldova. In this regard, the human resources' preparation level plays a primary role and is a priority. Developing cybersecurity skills among staff is an indispensable part of the process of ensuring the cybersecurity of systems and information resources. The creation of the National Institute for Cybersecurity Innovation CYBERCOR aims ultimately to ensure the necessary level of cybersecurity competencies among personnel, strengthening the security of networks and information systems. The appropriate professional development of public authority staff at any level and employees of other legal entities, public or private, will enable the prevention and counteraction of cyber threats and risks
BEYOND THE MOUNTAINS: UNVEILING THE EASE OF LIVING IN THE HIMALAYAN STATE OF UTTARAKHAND IN INDIA
Get PDFThis paper challenges the conventional equation of economic prosperity with human well-being and explores alternative parameters for assessing the ease of living in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand in India. Recognizing the limitations of relying solely on economic indicators like GDP, the study examines access to basic amenities and public services across different districts of the state. Contrary to the prevailing narrative of "lack of facilities" driving out-migration from the mountainous districts, the analysis reveals that these regions may offer a comparable, if not superior, quality of life in certain aspects, particularly concerning healthcare and infant mortality rates. This finding underscores the need for a more holistic approach to development that prioritizes human well-being in its entirety, encompassing access to healthcare, education, transportation, and essential infrastructure. By examining well-being indicators beyond economic metrics, this research aims to unveil a more nuanced understanding of the ease of living in Uttarakhand and inform policy decisions that promote sustainable development, reduce out-migration pressures, and improve the quality of life for all residents, ultimately contributing to a more balanced and equitable society
FRONT-OF-PACK LABELING OF FOOD PRODUCTS: EVOLUTION, CHARACTERISTICS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Get PDFIn the dynamic landscape of the food industry, front-of-pack labeling serves as a crucial tool for "dialogue" between producers and consumers. This mechanism helps to quickly and efficiently identify nutritional characteristics and serves as an effective tool for promoting healthy eating practices through an accessible and universal language. In this context, an exploratory study was conducted by analyzing scientific works on food labeling systems, including their evolution, the characteristics of different labeling typologies, the evaluation methods as well as the challenges and prospects for the development of food labels in the future. Each labeling typology had different attributes that represent an essential tool for supporting consumers in making food choices and in promoting a healthy lifestyle, both at the individual level and in terms of public health. To establish an integrated labeling system for food products, future research should focus on improving the universal applicability of labeled items and environmental sustainability, to make labels more digital and modern in the context of ongoing social and climate change
DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Get PDFThe article deals with the development trends of the road freight transport sector in the Republic of Moldova with a particular focus on road haulage for hire and reward. The importance of the sector for the national economy in terms of its contribution to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment was emphasised. The evaluation of the development trends of the sector was facilitated by the presentation and interpretation of statistical data reflecting the road haulage industry's situation for a period of five years (2018-2023). The given period reflected the situation before the pandemic, the influence of the pandemic on the situation in the sector, and the trends of recovery and development after the pandemic. The efficiency of enterprises in the sector was appraised through the utilisation of indicators encompassing sales revenue, inventory, profit, profitability, and labour productivity. The study also considered an evaluation of the state of the vehicle fleet, its technical condition, and the level of staffing. The analysis also identified the fundamental challenges confronting the sector, which impeded progress
STATE-BUILDING: AN OVERLOOKED APPROACH FOR REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN THE HORN OF AFRICA
Get PDFThe study perceives the ‘state’ as a collection of various institutions that execute core functions that are all basic for the survival of a certain political community. Based on this definition, state-building refers to the process of constructing new institutions, reconstructing old institutions, and consolidating the existing state institutions for the protection of social cohesion and the promotion of economic development and political stability within a given state. Accordingly, the principal objective of this study is to examine the symbiosis between state-building and regional integration in the Horn of Africa by taking the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Member States as a Case Study. The researchers argue that any attempt at regional integration will never be achieved in regions that consist of weak, failed, or fragile states. Unlike other regions in Africa and elsewhere, regional integration in the Horn of Africa is at an early stage, as the region is dominated by fragile and insecure states. The study used both primary and secondary data to reveal the symbiosis between state-building and regional integration
THE PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION OF NOVICE TEACHERS DURING THE TRANSITION FROM UNIVERSITY TO THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
Get PDFThe study was conducted based on recent research in the field that emphasizes the importance of the transition phenomenon in the teaching career. The study addressed the issue of adaptation of novice teachers, and findings were noted regarding the transition of young specialists in the process of adapting to the conditions of the educational system. Transition represents a series of changes that novices perceive, moving from the student level where they have assimilated knowledge to the teacher level where they translate the theoretical part into practice, apply knowledge and skills in student groups. The study hypothesized that determining the level of professional adaptation to changes of novices during the transition period in the school environment and covering their needs can optimize the professional adaptation process. The purpose of the research was to determine the level of adaptation to changes of novice teachers during the transition period in the school environment. 97 young specialists participated in the study. It was found that the needs expressed by beginners in the process of professional adaptation in the school environment are multiple and require the provision of solutions to optimize the professional adaptation process. The conclusions of the study highlighted results regarding the analysis of the level of professional adaptation at the beginning of the teaching career and recommendations regarding the implementation of measures to prevent maladaptation, optimize the professional adaptation process and facilitate the transition phenomenon of beginners in the school environment