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Class Stratification in Rural India:A Socio-Historical Analysis
Full text linkThe present paper has the objective of making a historical analysis ofthe system of class stratification in the rural society of India. In doing so, thepaper discusses the patterns of class stratification in pre-colonial or medievalrural society in India, the impact of the British rule on the agrarian classstratification and the emerging trends in class stratification in postindependencerural India. The rural society of medieval India as a wholehad five classes: supra-local feudal landlords or overlords, sub-feudal landlords, occupancy raiyats/tenants, sharecroppers and rural artisans, andagricultural labourers. By the end of the British rule the rural society inIndia had a stratification system consisting of seven classes: zamindarlandlords, tenant-landlords, entrepreneur farmers, owner-cultivators andregistered tenants, sharecroppers, artisans, and agrarian labourers. The majortrends of the class structure of rural India, that have been noticed after theindependence are: the replacement of the zamindars by the new landlords,emergence of the capitalist cultivators, decrease in the number of tenants andconsequent increase in the number of owner cultivators, continued existenceof tenancy and sharecropping, increase in the number of agricultural labourers,and decline of traditional artisan
Statelessness and Protection: The Case of Rohingya
Full text linkThe term Rohingya represents statelessness and human rights crisis. Since Myanmar’sCitizenship Act of 1982 stripped them of their citizenship, they have suffered severediscrimination, brutal persecution, and prolonged statelessness, both inside and outsideMyanmar. Rohingya fled military clearance operations in Myanmar and were turned awayby the neighboring countries. Those who crossed the borders faced detention andpersecution in host countries. This case study was conducted to examine the factorsthat led to the mass exile of Rohingya, the challenges they face in their country of arrival,and the possible ways to end the statelessness of Rohingya. The study analysed theproblems of Rohingya refugees marked by severe insecurity, poverty, illiteracy,documentation requirements, endless discrimination, and detention. The results revealedthat the Rohingya lack state protection because there are insufficient policies at thenational and international levels to ensure their inclusion in the country of arrival.Furthermore, it discussed the need for an inclusive political process in Myanmar
The Scourge of Poverty in The 21st Century: The Case of Africa
Full text linkAbout 220 million people or half the population of Sub-SaharanAfrica live in poverty, with projections indicating a figure of about 400million by the year 2010. Poverty in Africa has been characterised bydeclining per capita income, poor economic growth, low employmentand inadequate access to social service. It has been exacerbated bythe HIV/AIDS pandemic, the erosion of social security nets as countriesadjust their economies in the wake of globalisation, political instability,ethnic conflict and genocide. Utilising Africa as a case study, this paperargues that conventional theories of development, which have beenused to explain poverty such as the modernisation theory, have failed.It therefore calls for the promotion of direct attacks on widespreadpoverty where African governments and the people themselves play acritical role in poverty alleviation programmes. The paper also arguesthat over-reliance on outsiders, generally known as the dependencysyndrome, is escalating poverty in Africa, and proposes that Africansshould be more enterprising if poverty is to be reduced in the foreseeablefuture
Technology innovation in the Nigerian banking system prospects and challenges
Full text linkThe banking system in Nigeria is gradually moving away from transactions “across the counter”to the fingertips of the customers with the adoption of modern technology. However, every developmentcomes with its “pros and cons” because as technology innovation has improved service delivery andprofitability of banks in Nigeria, crimes are also at a high side. To activating the minds of bank operatorsabout the importance of technology adoption and its shortcomings, this paper aims to examine the prospectsand challenges of technology innovation in the Nigerian banking syste
Self-determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness
Full text linkSelf-determination theory (SDT) is one of the relatively recent (about two decades) theories ofmotivation and wellness. Propounded by Prof Edward Deci and Prof Richard Ryan, SDT focuseson volitional (doing things willingly) behavior and strategies to sustain this behavior in severalsetting – sports, education, health care, corporate, etc. Unlike earlier theories of motivation, whichfocused on how to control behavior through manipulating external contingencies (rewards andpunishments), SDT looks at the two forms of volitional behavior – intrinsic motivation (doingthings for the sheer pleasure and enjoyment) and internalization (doing things as we understandthe value of the outcome/activity). This paper gives an overview of the basic concepts of SDT andrecommends strategies, from the insights drawn from SDT to HR practitioners on how tomotivate theirworkforce employed in Indian software services sector
Towards a Supply Chain 4.0 on the post-COVID-19 pandemic: a conceptual and strategic discussion for more resilient supply chains
Full text linkThis paper aims to present a grounded and strategic discussion regarding Supply Chain 4.0 as amanagement system orientation for the post-COVID-19 period as well as propose some research directionsthereof
Life dissatisfaction among students: exploring the role of intrapersonal conflict, insufficient efforts and academic stress
Full text linkThe study focuses on academic stress among the students due to insufficient efforts andintrapersonal conflicts amid the COVID-19 situation. The purpose of this study is to measure the mediatingrole of academic stress between life dissatisfaction and adequate steps and intrapersonal conflicts
