Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth
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GC-MS Analysis of Phytochemical Compounds Present in the Leaf Extracts of Plant Maytenus emarginata
Get PDFThe evergreen tree Maytenus emarginata also referred to as the thorny staff tree, can withstand a variety of desert stressors. This work serves as a foundation for identifying the active ingredients in leaves and further isolating the chemical because their therapeutic potential has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study is to screen for phytochemicals in Maytenus emarginata leaves and use GC-MS analysis to further analyze the components found in the leaves. Based on their polarity—petroleum ether, distilled water, and methanol—the leaves were extracted one after the other. The methanol extracts, petroleum ether, and distilled water all contained the phyto-constituents that were investigated. Different chemicals were found in the petroleum ether and methanol extract according to the GC-MS analysis. The biological activity and significance of the chemicals found are based on GC-MS analysis
A Study of Toxic Heavy Metals in released Treated/Untreated Waste Water from Slaughterhouses of Khurja, Uttar Pradesh
Get PDFIt has a high amount of wastewater from blood and other animal tissues, cleaning agents, and machinery contaminants carrying toxic heavy metals, significant sources of human hazards, and environmental risks. The heavy metals used are cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, and arsenic. Heavy metals cause severe health problems, such as kidney and neurological diseases, cancer, reproductive problems, and respiratory illnesses. Exposure pathways The three major pathways of exposure encompassed include ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Even treated wastewater poses risks due to incomplete metal removal, formation of toxic by-products, and contamination of receiving water bodies. Untreated wastewater poses even greater dangers due to the exposures through direct contact with harmful metals and transmission of waterborne diseases. The case studies are critical and emphasize this situation around the world and, most importantly, at developing countries. Advanced treatment technologies and close monitoring are relevant to mitigate these risks
Impact of Light Pollution on Moth Navigation
Get PDFMoths are vital nocturnal pollinators whose navigational systems are finely tuned to natural light cues such as the moon and stars. However, the rapid proliferation of artificial light sources due to urbanization—commonly referred to as light pollution—has severely disrupted these natural behaviors. This research paper explores the detrimental impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on moth navigation through both field experiments and a comprehensive literature review. Our findings reveal that artificial lighting, particularly in the blue and white light spectrum, causes significant disorientation in moth flight paths, reduces their ability to locate mates and forage for nectar, and ultimately hampers pollination processes. These disruptions not only threaten moth populations but also compromise the ecological networks dependent on their pollination services, including nocturnal flowering plants and species that rely on them for food. The study highlights species-specific vulnerabilities, the ecological consequences of decreased pollination, and proposes mitigation strategies such as the use of red-spectrum lighting and reduced night-time illumination. Overall, the paper emphasizes the urgent need for environmentally conscious lighting practices to preserve nocturnal biodiversity and maintain ecological balance
Pharmacological Evaluation of Bark Extract of Cinnamonum zeylanicum With Cinchona officinalis For Its Synergistic Action on Antihelmintic Activity
Get PDFThe present investigation aimed to assess the pharmacological potential of a mixed bark aqueous extract (MBAE) prepared from Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cinchona officinalis for its synergistic anthelmintic activity. Barks of both plants were sourced from local markets in Vijayawada and Nuzvid, shade-dried, powdered, and extracted with distilled water. The extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis using standard procedures. Anthelmintic activity of MBAE was evaluated against Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuma) collected from a local vermicomposting unit in Nuzvid. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and phytosterols. Statistical evaluation using one-way ANOVA (Graph Pad Prism) indicated highly significant results (P < 0.0001). MBAE reduced the time to paralysis and death in earthworms more effectively than the standard reference drug, albendazole. These findings suggest that the synergistic action of C. zeylanicum and C. officinalis, likely due to their polyphenolic constituents, plays an important role in enhancing anthelmintic activity
SRTM and GIS-Based Geomorphic Analysis of Tons River Basin: A Geographical Case Study
Get PDFTons River Basin is approximately 16,860 sqkm in extent and 264 km in length; It is situated in the Kaimur Range (Upper Vindhyan) at an elevation of 610 meters. The morphometric features were used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the Tons River basin\u27s evolution. Data from SRTM, DEM, and Lands are used to generate the drainage network. Upstream in the drainage basin, the trellis pattern is more prominent, whereas in the middle and downstream, the dendritic pattern is more prevalent. Based on the drainage density, it appears that the basin has a subsurface that is permeable and is covered in dense vegetation. With a smaller drainage area, a larger form factor value indicates a higher flow peak. Results from the Tons River Basin\u27s relief ratio and roughness number show that the soil is easily washed away. According to the results of the present investigation, the Tons River Basin has a low risk of flooding, a low rate of soil erosion, and an abundant supply of surface water. This study has the potential to improve water resource use and pave the way for future growth in the Tons River basin. Finding a connection between the hydrologic characteristics of the basin and morphometric drainage parameters was the goal of these GIS-based studies. Therefore, the present investigation aims to hydrologically characterise the Tons River Basin and quantify its morphometric features (linear, areal, and relief aspects). Basin management, soil and water resource planning, and other related fields can benefit from this helpful data.
A Review on Migratory Birds of Uttar Pradesh
No full textUttar Pradesh, with its diverse wetland ecosystems, serves as an essential wintering ground for various migratory birds. Thousands of kilometers separate breeding territories from the winter destinations that migratory birds travel to find both food sources and suitable breeding locations. The manuscript examines the wide range of migratory birds commonly found in Uttar Pradesh throughout their journeys as well as their environmental importance together with their protection strategies and endangering factors. The importance of wetlands including Keoladeo National Park (Bharatpur) together with Sur Sarovar and Dudhwa National Park is explained for promoting bird biodiversity. The study includes extensive research on how birds travel and the environmental influence of worldwide climate shifts on bird communities
Enhancing the Concept of Successive Differentiation: Simple Innovative Teaching Methods in Higher Engineering Mathematics
Get PDFThis research investigates novel pedagogical approaches for reinforcing the understanding of successive differentiation in advanced engineering mathematics. Emphasizing simplicity and efficacy, the suggested methodologies incorporate interactive simulations, applications in real-world contexts, and collaborative problem-solving. Utilizing visual aids and technology-based tools enhances the overall learning experience, making it more engaging and applicable. Increasing the understanding of difficult ideas and helping students concentrating in higher engineering mathematics retain them better is the main objective
Assessment of Behavioural Changes in Wild Drosophila Fed on Normal and High Caloric Diet under Stress of Beta-Cyfluthrin
No full textBeta-cyfluthrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, affects the nervous system by altering voltage-gated sodium channels, leading to prolonged neuronal excitation. In Drosophila melanogaster, exposure to beta-cyfluthrin—even at sub-lethal doses—has been shown to induce significant behavioural changes. One prominent effect is impaired locomotion, typically observed through reduced climbing ability, which suggests neuro-muscular dysfunction. Feeding behaviour is also altered; exposed flies often consume less food, potentially due to chemosensory disruption or systemic stress. Reproductive behaviour suffers as well, with both male courtship activity and female receptivity declining after exposure, indicating effects on pheromone signaling and mating motivation. Cognitive functions are impacted, as flies show reduced performance in learning and memory assays, likely due to impaired synaptic transmission in brain regions such as the mushroom bodies. Additionally, treated flies display increased grooming and periods of hyperactivity followed by lethargy—signs consistent with neurotoxic stress. These behavioural disruptions can significantly reduce overall fitness and reproduction, highlighting the ecological risks associated with widespread beta-cyfluthrin use. Drosophila serves as an effective model to evaluate such sub-lethal toxicological impacts, and further studies are warranted to explore long-term effects and underlying molecular mechanisms. The increasing use of synthetic insecticides such as beta-cyfluthrin in agricultural and domestic environments poses significant risks to non-target organisms, including wild insect populations. Among these, Drosophila melanogaster a widely used model organism in behavioural and toxicological studies—offers critical insights into the interaction between diet, environmental toxicants, and neurobehavioural outcomes. This study investigates the behavioural responses of wild Drosophila fed on either a normal diet or a high caloric diet when exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of beta-cyfluthrin, a type II synthetic pyrethroid known for its neurotoxic properties. Wild Drosophila specimens were collected from natural habitats and acclimatized under controlled laboratory conditions. The high caloric diet was formulated by enriching the standard cornmeal-agar medium with additional glucose, simulating energy-dense food sources often found in anthropogenic settings. Beta-cyfluthrin exposure was administered through ingestion by incorporating a sub-lethal concentration into the feeding medium over a 48-hour period
Anthocyanins: Natural Pigments with Multifaceted Health Benefits for Humans
Get PDFAnthocyanins are water-soluble flavonoid pigments found in fruits, vegetables, flowers, and grains, known for their red, purple, and blue colors. They belong to the phenolic class and are typically found in glycosylated forms, providing UV protection and defense against biotic and abiotic stress. Anthocyanins have health-promoting properties due to their strong antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Primary dietary sources include berries, grapes, red cabbage, eggplant, black rice, and purple sweet potatoes. However, their stability is often limited by environmental conditions like light, temperature, and pH, making them challenging for food and nutraceutical applications. Anthocyanins are structurally diverse due to variations in their aglycone backbone, glycosylation patterns, and acylation with organic acids. Glycosylation enhances anthocyanin water solubility and stabilizes the flavylium cation, while acylation increases pigment stability against light and pH fluctuations. Extracted anthocyanins offer numerous health benefits and eco-friendly applications, but challenges like low stability and limited bioavailability need to be addressed through advanced processing, formulation, and biotechnological approaches
A Survey For Observation and Identification of Wetlands Dependent Bird’s Species in Dhanauri Wetland, Dhanauri, Gautam Budhh Nagar
Get PDFIn this survey we are going to discuss about the conservation of aquatic and semi aquatic birds and their habitats. Mostly these birds are found near water bodies like river bank, lakes, ponds and wetlands in which wetlands are sub- merged watery lands, filled with riverine water or rain water. Wetlands are good places or habitats for the semi- aquatic birds like Storkes, Herons and some species of Gulliformes etc. as these water bodies provide them good shelter and foraging area and an adapted ecosystem according to wetland dependent birds. But now days the size of wetlands is shrinking day by day due to most part of land uses for agricultural purposes and for establishing industries etc. The population of these concern bird species is decreasing due to loss of their habitat and also due to contamination of wetlands due to pollution. The survival of any individual depends upon its habitat and the environmental circumstances of habitat. If the habitat is in good and healthy condition, the leading species and migratory species will survive in better ways. We chose the Dhanauri Wetland as a survey area where we found some migratory and resident birds like Sarus, Black necked stork, Woolly necked stork, Common Purple moorhen and Indian Pond heron. These all birds are aquatic, inhibit wetland or we can say that have wetland dependent life. So conservation of wetland site for survival of these elegant birds is very important and necessary step. Due to the decrease in their population ( Storks, herons and moorhens ) ,IUCN listed those birds in Red List as their conservation status- vulnerable, endangered and near threatened. Dhanauri wetland serves as a good foraging and nestling place for wetland dependent birds, now should be listed as a Ramser site