Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth
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Enhancing value through residual biomass from Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Get PDFThe utilization of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in agro-industrial processes generates a variety of wastes, including biomass from the distillation of aromatic plants and leftover components of medicinal plants. These biomasses have the potential to be recycled and turned into products with additional value hence they shouldn\u27t be classified as trash. These wastes, especially the underutilized parts of medicinal plants and distillation byproducts, can be enhanced by processing, extraction, hydrolysis, pyrolysis, and fermentation. They are great resources for the extraction of phytochemicals that are useful in medicine, cosmetics, and fragrance, such as phenolic antioxidants. Additionally, the leftover biomass can be used as organic mulch or animal feed. They may also be converted into composts, charcoal, and bio-sorbents, which are effective ways to improve soil and purify wastewater. The use of these leftovers is examined in this article, ranging from industrial applications to technological development at the laboratory scale. Opportunities in the MAPs industry may be unlocked by effectively recycling the leftover biomass from MAPs, which also provides practical waste disposal options and financial advantages
A Review of Computational and Theoretical Studies on Anti-Perovskite Solids
No full textAnti-perovskite materials are really turning heads lately, and it’s no wonder why. Their unique structural inversion, unlike traditional perovskites, leads to some truly remarkable properties in terms of electronics, thermal behavior, and magnetism. With a general formula of A₃BX, these materials are known for boasting high ionic conductivity and less thermal conductivity; they show potential for topological and superconducting behaviors. This makes them perfect candidates for all sorts of applications, from solid-state batteries to thermoelectrics, spintronics, and even quantum computing. Researchers have made great strides using computational and theoretical studies especially with density functional theory (DFT) to predict how stable these structures are, along with their electronic configurations and overall functional properties. High-throughput screening, phonon dispersion analysis, and machine learning techniques are also helping push the discovery of new anti-perovskite compounds along faster than ever. Yet, there are still hurdles to overcome, like accurately modeling electron correlation effects and lattice anharmonicity, not to mention the limited experimental validation. Still, the collaboration between computational predictions and experimental work opens up exciting possibilities for designing tailored anti-perovskites. With their multifunctional traits, they really could be game-changers for future energy and electronic technologies
NUTRITIONAL STUDIES ON FISH CATLA CATLA FOUND IN GANGA RIVER WITH HYDROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES
Get PDFFinding out what other people have said and thought about a certain subject and then putting that information into writing is what a literature review is all about. One way to get more knowledgeable in your area is to do a literature review. Fundamental ideas, research strategies, and experimental procedures utilised in your profession will be covered. Discover real-world challenges. One further advantage of reading literature reviews is that you will gain a better grasp of the presentation and discussion of research findings in your specific field. Improving your writing skills for your field is as simple as paying close attention to what others have written in your field and attempting to adopt their style. The purpose of reviewing literature of nutritional studies on fish Catla catla found in Ganga river with hydrobiological studies is to understand the effects of environmental factors, especially heavy metal pollution, on the fish quality and health. Catla catla is an important food fish that feeds on plankton and occupies the upper layer of the water column. It is widely distributed in India and other South Asian countries. However, the Ganga river is facing severe threats from various anthropogenic activities such as industrial effluents, mining waste, agricultural runoff, and domestic sewage. These sources introduce heavy metals such as nickel and thallium into the water, of which can build up in fish tissues, leading to histopathological alterations, immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress. As a result, keeping an eye on the river water and fish samples for heavy metal levels is crucial, as is determining the fish\u27s nutritional profile in terms of calories, ash, protein, carbohydrates, and lipids. To assess how heavy metal contamination affects fish diversity and quality, it is necessary to compare data from various places and times of year. Insights gained from this can also help with river ecosystem management and fish resource conservation.Even if writing a literature review isn\u27t required for your class or major project, it\u27s still a good idea to do so that you\u27re up-to-date on the discussions surrounding your subject of choice. It can help you become more equipped to construct an argument that is uniquely yours
TOXIC IMPACT OF CYFLUTHRIN ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF SPOTTED SNAKEHEAD, CHANNA PUNCTATUS (BLOCH)
Get PDFSynthetic pyrethroids, such as cyfluthrin, are frequently included in pesticides because of their effectiveness in controlling pests. In spite of the fact that it has a negligible impact on mammals, the substance is extremely poisonous, which indicates that it poses a significant risk to aquatic species that are not the intended targets, particularly fish. Examination of haematological parameters was carried out after 15 and 30 days of exposure to cyfluthrin at a dose that was 10% of the lethal limit (LC50). There was a significant decrease in TEC, Hb concentration, haematocrit percentage, and MCV along with an increase in TLC and MCHC in the groups that were treated to the substance, as demonstrated by the findings. Cyfluthrin has been shown to have a considerable toxicological effect on Channa punctatus, which results in significant changes in haematological indicators, as demonstrated by the findings of this study.
A Critical Review on Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats after Assessment of Sodium Arsenite
Get PDFIn toxicological research, hepatotoxicity is a major worry, especially when looking at environmental contaminants like sodium arsenite. The health of people and animals is seriously endangered by sodium arsenite, a very poisonous substance that results from both natural and industrial processes and is found in air, water, and the soil. The hepatotoxic effects of sodium arsenite in Albino rats, a commonly utilized model organism for liver toxicity research, are extensively examined in this paper. With a focus on the consequences for the environment and public health, the paper summarizes previous research findings to clarify the impact of sodium arsenite on hepatic tissue in terms of biochemical, histological, and antioxidant indices. A detailed review of research indicates that sodium arsenite causes notable changes in indicators of liver function. Furthermore, exposure to sodium arsenite has been demonstrated to alter the liver histological architecture, resulting in inflammatory cell infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation, and hepatocyte destruction. The significance of dosage, exposure time, and delivery method in assessing the degree of hepatotoxic effects is also emphasized in this review. The administration methods, oral, intraperitoneal, or inhaled, have a major impact on sodium arsenite distribution and bioavailability, which in turn affects how hazardous it is. In conclusion, a great deal of research in albino rat models has shown that sodium arsenite is a serious hazard to liver health. We can more effectively handle the problems caused by this environmental toxin and protect the health of people and animals by improving our knowledge of sodium arsenite-induced hepatotoxicity
Quantitative Analysis of Clarithromycin Antibiotic Degradation by Selected Bacterial Isolates
No full textClarithromycin is a widely used macrolide antibiotic that frequently accumulates in the environment, leading to potential ecological risks and the promotion of antibiotic resistance. The present study aimed to isolate and characterize bacterial strains capable of degrading Clarithromycin from soil samples. Selected bacterial isolates were enriched, acclimatized to increasing concentrations of Clarithromycin, and assessed for their degradation efficiency under optimized environmental conditions. Quantitative analysis was performed using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, measuring antibiotic degradation over a 7-day incubation period. The most efficient isolates demonstrated significant degradation potential, with environmental factors like pH and temperature influencing the degradation kinetics. This study highlights the potential application of native soil bacteria for the bioremediation of Clarithromycin-contaminated environments and provides a basis for further molecular and biochemical investigations
Effects of Hydropriming on Seedling Growth Parameters of Cicer arietinum (Chickpea)
Get PDFHydropriming, a simple and cost-effective seed priming technique that plays a significant role in improving germination and early seedling growth under suboptimal conditions. This study investigates the effects of hydropriming on various growth parameters of Cicer arietinum (chickpea), a major leguminous crop cultivated in semi-arid regions. Seeds were subjected to hydropriming for varying durations (6, 12, and 24 hours), and compared to untreated controls. Observations on germination percentage, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, and vigour index were recorded. The results indicate that hydropriming significantly enhances early growth performance, especially at 12 hours of treatment. The findings support hydropriming as a promising pre-sowing technique for improving chickpea establishment and productivity
Concentration of Pollutants and their Toxic Impact in the Residents of Firozabad City: India
No full textTo learn about the toxicity of size-segregated particulate matter (PM) in human respiratory tracts, sensors in the glass industrial city of Firozabad monitored the mass and number of PM in real-time. The mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were 40.89 and 68.15 µg/m³, respectively. The average concentration of PM10 was 1.65 times higher from the PM2.5. PM2.5 concentration in winter, summer and monsoon season at Firozabad city was observed as 50.44 µg/m³, 33.91 µg/m³, and 38.33 µg/m³, while PM10 was 65.26 µg/m³, 73.51 µg/m³, and 65.69 µg/m3. NOₓ concentration was highest during the winter season 23.27 ppb. Ozone concentration was observed highest in winter season (23.94). From the correlation analysis it was found that PM2.5 showed strong correlation with the NOx (0.828) followed by Ozone (0.708) and Rh (0.759) while PM10 showed strong correlation with WS (0.994), followed by WD (0.980). Acute exposure to PM10 at industrial sites in Firozabad may cause health concerns in a vulnerable population, according to this study\u27s findings. The exposure levels of children at the Firozabad sampling location were 122.1×10-1 and 4.30×10-1, respectively, for adults and children. All of the readings were higher above the safe limit, which is ELCR≥10-6
GLOBAL WARMING: CAUSES AND IMPACT ON HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT AND THE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Get PDFAs atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons rise, the Earth\u27s surface temperature rises, a phenomenon known as global warming. A buildup of atmospheric pollutants like carbon dioxide (CO2) and others absorbs solar radiation and sunlight that has reflected off the Earth\u27s surface, leading to global warming. Pollutants like these, which may cling to Earth\u27s atmosphere for decades or even centuries, prevent the radiation from escaping into space, leading to an increase in global temperatures. Greenhouse gases are those that trap heat; the term "greenhouse effect" describes the impact of gases such carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapour, and synthetic fluorinated gases. Many species of plants and animals will see their habitats disappear as a result of the climatic shift. Many species go extinct because animals are forced to leave their native habitats. This is just one more way that biodiversity is being negatively affected by global warming. The term "biodiversity" refers to the wide range of species and their variations found in many habitats, such as those found on land, in water, and in deserts. A planet\u27s biodiversity is a measure of its abundance and variety of living forms. It is the planet\u27s most intricate and significant feature. Life could hardly persist in a world devoid of biodiversity. One measure of biological diversity is the variety of species present in an environment, as well as the frequency with which each species occurs. Various degrees of organismal organization are also mirrored in it. Biodiversity is important for the environment and the economy. Food, shelter, fuel, clothes, and a host of other necessities are all provided for by it. Tourism is another source of revenue for it. Therefore, in order to maintain a livelihood throughout time, it is crucial to possess a solid understanding of biodiversity. In spite of biodiversity\u27s advantages, the risks to species and ecosystems are growing at an alarming rate, and almost all of these problems stem from human waste of biological resources, which is in turn caused by climate change, pollution, and incompetent institutions. Preserving biodiversity is crucial for achieving equity both within and between generations. Reforestation, botanical gardens, national parks, biosphere reserves, germplasm banks, and the use of breeding and tissue culture techniques as well as social forestry to reduce pressure on forest resource extraction are some of the current biodiversity conservation measures
Role of Nano Catalysts In Green Chemistry
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This study explores the role of nano catalysts in enhancing catalytic performance through their unique properties and applications in sustainable chemistry. Nano catalysts, defined as materials operating at the nanometer scale, typically between 1 and 100 nanometers, exhibit significantly increased surface area and altered electronic properties, leading to improved reaction rates and efficiencies. The investigation highlights the critical properties of nano catalysts, such as their high surface area-to-volume ratio, controlled shapes, and tunable surface functionalities, which contribute to their effectiveness in various catalytic processes. Different types of nano catalysts, including metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, and carbon-based nano materials, are examined for their distinct advantages and applications. Metal nanoparticles, like gold and platinum, offer enhanced catalytic activity due to their unique electronic behaviors, while metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide, provide stability in photocatalytic applications. Additionally, carbon-based nano materials, including carbon nanotubes and graphene, are recognized for their exceptional electrical conductivity and surface area, making them suitable for energy conversion and environmental remediation