Journal of Science Innovations and Nature of Earth
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Population Genetics of Economically Important Fish Species of Uttar Pradesh, India
Full text linkPopulation genetics provides a powerful framework for understanding the evolutionary stability, adaptive potential and long-term sustainability of commercially important fish species. In Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous inland fisheries state, riverine systems such as the Ganga, Gomti, Yamuna, Rapti and Ghaghara support millions of livelihoods through capture fisheries and seed resources for aquaculture. Economically valuable species including Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Wallago attu and Clarias batrachus dominate harvests. However, escalating pressures from overfishing, dam construction, river pollution, habitat fragmentation and hatchery-based mass stocking have increasingly altered the genetic architecture of natural populations. This paper synthesizes population genetic investigations conducted in and around Uttar Pradesh up to 2024 using molecular markers such as microsatellites, RAPD and mitochondrial DNA. The analysis reveals declining allelic richness, disrupted population structuring, bottleneck signatures and rising genetic homogenization due to artificial seed introgression. These trends threaten the long-term productivity, disease resistance and climate resilience of native stocks. The study emphasizes the urgent need for river-specific genetic monitoring, broodstock conservation programs and genetically informed fisheries governance
Digital India at the Grassroots: The Changing Landscape of Public Service Delivery through Common Service Centres
Full text linkThe Digital India Mission identifies Common Service Centres (CSCs) as pivotal institutions for last-mile digital governance and citizen–state engagement. This paper conducts a critical review of related literature, policy frameworks, and government reports to evaluate the role, performance, and challenges of CSCs in facilitating public service delivery across rural and semi-urban India. Employing a structured literature review methodology, the study synthesises insights across four key dimensions: digital infrastructure, human–digital capability, governance and accountability, and citizens’ experiences at CSCs. The findings reveal persistent challenges, including deficits in digital literacy, uneven infrastructural development, bureaucratic inefficiencies, gender and socioeconomic disparities, and regional imbalances that affect CSC functionality and inclusivity. The analysis further indicates that CSCs operate as dual spaces both empowering and exclusionary shaped by mediated access, local governance structures, and social hierarchies. To conceptualise these dynamics, the paper proposes a framework situating CSCs within broader socio-technical systems of governance, capability development, and market interaction. The study concludes with targeted policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the efficiency and equity of digital public service delivery. These include strengthening institutional accountability, promoting digital capacity building, and ensuring inclusive access to digital infrastructure in marginalised regions
Overview Study on Characterisation Chemistry and Pharmacology of Digitalis Glycosides
Full text linkMedicinal plants influence human health worldwide and are an integral part of the ecology and environment. Pharmacologically, they have been used to address a number of different ailments in the past. The healing value of plants is attributed to the amount of active chemicals present in their different portions. This review aims to present a current assessment of cardiac glycosides present in African medicinal plants as potentially beneficial treatments. Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Research Gate, Web of Sciences, ScienceDirect, and SciFinder were among the online resources used in the literature review. The keywords "natural goods," "pharmacology," "isolated compounds," "cardiac glycosides," "African medicinal plants," and "bioactivity" were employed. Cardiac glycosides have been identified since ancient times and isolated from plants and animals. By strengthening myocardial contractions and reducing their frequency, cardiac glycosides have been employed as drugs to treat heart disorders. As a growing amount of research has. Demonstrated, the biological consequences of these drugs go beyond their capacity to inhibit sodium-potassium pump function. Endogenous and external cardiac glycosides can affect the immune system, bodily defense, carcinogenesis, and hormone regulation, among other processes regulated by these transcription factors, by their interaction with nuclear receptors. Digoxin\u27s proven efficacy, cost, and global accessibility ensure its continued relevance even in the face of newer pharmacological drugs. African medicinal plants have produced several cardiac glycosides with well-established pharmacological characteristics, such as neurotoxic, antiviral, enzyme-inhibitory, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, they can be thought of as starting combinatorial chemistry structures, which produce fresh molecules with the intended features, including medications. Particularly common cardiac glycosides are found in the Asclepiadaceae and Apocynaceae families.
Heavy Metal Concentration in Contaminated Water Caused By a Release of Industrial Pollutants and City Waste
Full text linkThis study investigates the effects of urban trash and industrial pollutants on the concentrations of heavy metals in contaminated water sources. It makes the point that led, cadmium, mercury, and chromium (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) concentrations in aquatic ecosystems are substantially increased by industrial operations and ill-designed waste management systems. This study determines the sources of these metals and measures their quantities in different water samples using sophisticated physicochemical methods of investigation. It also assesses the possible effects of these heavy metals on ecosystems and human health, highlighting the grave dangers that their presence poses to the environment and public health. This emphasizes how urgently improved waste management and pollution control are needed in order to lessen the negative effects of heavy metal contamination. Effective management techniques will be essential to lowering these hazards and safeguarding the public\u27s health and the environment
Impact of Smokeless Tobacco Product Consumption on Certain Haematological Parameters in Albino Rats
Full text linkThe tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum) has historically been utilized as chewing tobacco globally. Snuff is a form of tobacco processed into small particles and packaged in cans or pouches. This study aimed to investigate the impact of snuff tobacco on certain hematological indicators in albino rats. Albino rats with a weight range of 100 to 150 grams were utilized in the study. The oral LD50 for tobacco snuff was established at 3 mg per 100 g of rat body mass. Group A served as the control and received no treatment, whereas group B was administered snuff in milligrams per body weight orally using a gavage tube daily for 28 days. Blood samples were collected under chloroform anesthesia and analyzed for total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and absolute values. Total Erythrocyte count (TEC) was significantly decreased in group B (5.41±0.04 million/mm3) as compared to the control (6.33±0.3 million/mm3). Total Leucocyte Count was significantly increased in group B (9.0±0.21 x109/L) respectively as compared to the control group A (7.2±0.28 x109/L). Haemoglobin concentration was significantly decreased. Smokeless tobacco may possibly affect all the Haematological parameters
The Impact of Mobile Towers on The Health of Residential and Commercial Sector living People, Aligarh
Full text linkThe study has mobile connectivity has grown in demand and therefore mobile towers are being installed everywhere including residential areas. This paper looks at the health effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) that is released by these towers especially to those individuals who live or work around this installation. Proceeding with a qualitative and analytical method of research, the work is based on the secondary data, observational analysis, and scientific literature with the help of which it can investigate the range of proximity of the towers to the human habitats and how it affects them and their health. The analysis has found out that a considerable of mobile towers are situated or built in the heavily populated residential and business places whereas 75 % of them are found within a 100-meter radius of sensitive places like schools, hospitals, and residential apartments. Synthesis using literature sources showed that sleep disturbances (33%), headaches (29%) and fatigue (21%) were the most frequently reported instances of health problems associated with long-term exposure to EMR. There was a significant difference between the incidences of health effects in exposed areas where there was a high level of density and proximity to residential areas: tower density was found to be significantly high. This research should draw attention of possible health hazards of mobile tower radiations, which demands stringent city planning, social-level understanding, and another empirical study to make policy designs with health protection
Environmental Concerns and Initiatives for their Protection
No full textEnvironmental concerns have escalated in recent decades due to increasing human activities that lead to pollution, habitat destruction, climate change, and loss of biodiversity. Major environmental issues include air and water pollution, deforestation, soil degradation, and the depletion of natural resources. These challenges pose significant threats to ecosystems, human health, and global sustainability. In response, various global, regional, and local initiatives have been implemented to mitigate environmental degradation. These include international agreements like the Paris Climate Accord, national policies promoting renewable energy and waste management, and local conservation programs. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community-based groups, and individuals also play critical roles in promoting sustainable practices and raising awareness. Technological advancements, environmental education, and stricter regulations are key drivers for protecting natural ecosystems. This paper discusses the primary environmental concerns, analyzes current protective measures, and explores innovative strategies to enhance environmental sustainability for future generations
Systematic review on food additives and impact on human health
No full textA lot of people have been exposed to food additive compounds used to keep flavor, improve taste, and make food look better because processed food consumption has been on the rise around the world. While these medications are typically deemed safe when used within recommended dosages, new studies have brought up concerns over their potential impact on human health in the long run. Artificial sweeteners, colorants, emulsifiers, and flavor enhancers are some of the common additives whose effects are discussed in this article. Sodium nitrite, titanium dioxide, and monosodium glutamate (MSG) are among the chemicals linked to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, allergic reactions, behavioral abnormalities, and changes in gut flora, according to the research. Many people are worried about the long-term effects of these newest additions, especially those who are already at a higher risk, such as youngsters and those with health issues. New regulatory criteria are needed, and there are gaps in additive safety testing and limitations in current toxicological studies. Greater public knowledge, clearer food labels, and longer, more rigorous human research are all essential to reduce hazards and safeguard consumer health
A Review on Protective Effect of Aloevera Barbedensis on Heamatologiacal Parameters of Albino Rat after Diazinon Intoxication
Full text linkThe widespread use of diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, has sparked serious worries because of its harmful effects on both humans and animals. Diazinon mainly works by blocking acetylcholinesterase, which leads to an overload of cholinergic activity, oxidative stress, and disturbances in blood parameters. Being exposed to it can result in conditions like anemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, and other blood-related issues, which can hinder oxygen transport, weaken immune function, and upset the body\u27s overall balance. Therefore, monitoring hematological parameters is crucial for evaluating toxicity. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), a medicinal plant packed with polysaccharides, flavonoids, anthraquinones, vitamins, and enzymes, shows impressive antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and protective qualities. Research suggests that taking Aloe vera can help restore red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit, while also normalizing white blood cell and platelet counts, thus reducing the harmful effects of diazinon on blood health. Its ability to modulate the immune system also supports bone marrow function and boosts overall immune defense
A Review on Geographical distribution of Aedes mosquito species in India
No full textThe majority of arboviral infections in the modern age are transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, the most common mosquito genus. Changes in precipitation and temperature are driving the fast spread of breeding grounds for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which is a big health risk on a global scale. Using bioclimatic characteristics, this review study projected the geographical expansion of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in India. The goal of collecting 19 bioclimatic variables and 583 Aedes occurrences\u27 reference coordinates at a scale of about 1 km was to train Species Distribution Models (SDMs) for every species.The basic distributions of climatic niches for the species were predicted using maximum entropy modelling.Global climate models for 2021–2040 and 2081-2100 were used independently to estimate future events. The models have a respectable level of performance (AUC > 0.77).Higher annual mean temperatures and lower diurnal temperatures were ideal for both species, and their suitability increased with precipitation. Compared to Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti was expected to have a wider range in the present and the future. Diseases caused by these viruses include yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika, and Mayaro. Dengue and chikungunya are believed to be transmitted in India by mosquitoes of the Aedes species. Dengue fever and chikungunya are two of the country\u27s most serious public health issues. Dengue fever has plagued southern Indian states since 1991, posing a public health concern and hardship for those afflicted. The 2006 chikungunya epidemic was worst in southern India. Dengue fever was reported in 24 of India\u27s 34 states and 3 union territories in 2017. Among these states, the most cases were found: Bengal, Punjab, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala are the states in question. The four serotypes of dengue virus—DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4—are distributed throughout the nation, however their prevalence varies with the passage of time and geographical regions. The dengue and chikungunya vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, need to have their geographic distribution and seasonal variation recorded so that systematic surveillance, organisation, and implementation may be carried out. Consequently, the Public health officials may be able to prevent a dengue epidemic by monitoring the countries and state\u27s endemic situation. An optimal strategy for dengue surveillance across the country and in endemic areas could involve mapping the seasonal fluctuation and spatial distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus with the use of remote sensing and GIS technologies. This will make it easier for public health professionals to manage the epidemiological situation in the regions of the country where dengue is prevalent, as well as to plan, execute, and choose an appropriate control strategy for the preventative measures.