Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting
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2059 research outputs found
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The Role of Productivity on the Relationship between Strategic Performance and Profit
No full textThe research aimed to know the extent to which productivity linked to profit contributes to evaluating strategic performance as one of the financial methods of the company (Iraqi Engineering Works). The investigator employed the applied analytical methodology in the practical domain, as assessing the impact of productivity changes on existing profits was used to measure productivity linked to profit (productivity Neutral) (PQ) (for materials and labour) as one of the ways to evaluate changes in productivity for the years (2022-2023). The research concluded that the major role that profit-related productivity plays in improving the strategic performance of the economic unit is by using current inputs that provide a more accurate measurement of profit-related productivity than what is often known using Input prices for the base period to evaluate changes in productivity
Assessing the Effects of Financial Inclusion on Agricultural Production in Nigeria: Insights and Implications (1999-2022)
No full textThe research examined the effect of financial inclusion on agricultural production in Nigeria from 1991 to 2022. Specifically, the study determined the effects of commercial bank loans and advances to the agricultural sector, deposits from rural branches of commercial banks, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund and interest rates on agricultural output in Nigeria. Annual secondary data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Index Mundi Database. The data was analysed using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Error Correction Model. The result showed that in the long run and short run, the independent variables agricultural credit guarantee scheme fund, commercial banks loans and advances to agricultural sector and interest rate had significant effect on agricultural output (PV < 0.05), whereas deposits of rural branches of commercial banks did not have significant effect on agricultural output (PV > 0.05) both in the long and short runs. The study recommended that loans from agricultural credit guarantee scheme funds be used for the agricultural purposes that they are aimed at so as to reduce the negative effect it had on agriculture within the study period
The Economic Toll of Financial Crimes: Analyzing the $3.1 Trillion Impact on Global Markets
No full textThe main aim of the study was to analyze the economic impact of financial crimes on global markets, with a particular focus on the estimated $3.1 trillion annual loss attributed to illicit activities such as money laundering, terrorist financing, and fraud. The study specifically assessed the financial and economic consequences of financial crimes on global market. The study adopted ex-post facto research design. Secondary data for the study were collected from macrotrends.com, Nasdaq Verafin 2024 Global Financial Crime Report, statista.com, the U.S. Treasury and other financial institutions reports over a ten year period from 2014 to 2023. The data were first descriptively analysed, after which Jarque-bera test was conducted to ascertain normality of the residuals. Ramsey RESET test was done to assess the linearity of the model. Breusch-Godfrey LM Test was used to assess Serial Correlation while Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test was used to check whether the model suffered from heteroskedasticity. The hypotheses were tested using estimates from Ordinary Least Square regression since all the assumptions of the OLS model were met. Hence, the decision rule for the test of hypotheses was to accept the alternate hypothesis if the p-value is less than 0.05, otherwise, accept the null hypothesis. It was found that losses from financial and economic crimes negatively and significantly affected the global GDP (b = -6.146909; p-value = 0.0434). Thus, the financial and economic consequences of financial crimes are significantly detrimental to the performance of the global market. The study recommends that governments and international financial institutions should strengthen global financial regulations and improve cross-border collaboration to track and combat illicit financial flows by implementing stricter controls on money laundering, terrorist financing, and fraud that can reduce the economic distortions caused by financial crimes
Understanding the Digital Generation: The Role of Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness and Satisfaction in Users’ Acceptance Intention of the Ruangguru Application among Generations Y, Z and Alpha
No full textThe rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed consumer behaviour in the education sector, influencing how users engage with online learning platforms such as Ruangguru. However, user acceptance of these platforms remains inconsistent, necessitating a deeper understanding of the factors driving adoption. This study examines the impact of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on acceptance intention while also exploring the role of satisfaction in shaping user engagement. Using an online survey, data were collected from 200 respondents who had previously used Ruangguru and analyzed through PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 4 software. The findings reveal that while perceived ease of use does not directly influence acceptance intention, it significantly enhances perceived usefulness and satisfaction. Perceived usefulness, in turn, has a strong positive impact on both satisfaction and acceptance intention. These insights contribute to marketing literature on consumer adoption of digital services, particularly in the context of online learning. From a practical perspective, this study underscores the importance of feature innovation, service quality improvement, and user experience optimization to enhance consumer satisfaction, drive engagement, and strengthen brand loyalty in the competitive digital education market
Enhancing Loan Performance through Effective Credit Risk Management: Evidence from Commercial Banks in Uganda
No full textBackground and Purpose: Credit risk management is a critical determinant of the stability and performance of commercial banks. Despite its importance, poor lending practices and inadequate risk management have led to the collapse of numerous banks worldwide, including notable cases such as Northern Rock Bank in the UK and Crane Bank in Uganda. This study examines the relationship between credit risk management practices and loan performance, with a focus on identifying gaps and proposing strategies to enhance banking stability.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted a cross-sectional research design, collecting data from 219 respondents, including credit clients, staff, and managers of a commercial bank in Uganda. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from self-administered questionnaires and qualitative insights from face-to-face interviews. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data, providing a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing loan performance and risk management practices.
Findings: The results reveal that timely repayments and effective tracking mechanisms are key strengths in loan performance, with borrowers generally making payments on time (mean = 4.37, SD = 0.98). However, gaps were identified in risk mitigation strategies, particularly in minimizing losses from defaults (mean = 2.87, SD = 0.83) and supporting borrowers facing financial difficulties (mean = 3.41, SD = 0.87). Risk management practices, such as client appraisal, were found to be structured but could benefit from enhanced scenario-based planning (mean = 3.76, SD = 0.93) and the use of advanced tools like SWOT analysis (mean = 3.66, SD = 0.87). A strong positive correlation was observed between client appraisal and loan performance (r = 0.87, p < 0.001), underscoring the importance of thorough risk assessment in improving loan outcomes.
Practical Implications: The study recommends strengthening risk mitigation strategies, improving borrower support systems, and leveraging technology to enhance risk assessment frameworks. Banks should also foster a culture of proactive risk management through staff training, collaborative approaches, and regular monitoring of risk management practices. These measures will help banks reduce non-performing loans, improve resilience, and achieve sustainable growth.
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the growing body of literature on credit risk management by providing empirical evidence from a developing economy context. It offers actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners, highlighting the need for continuous improvement in risk management practices to ensure banking stability and performance. The findings underscore the interconnectedness of risk management and loan performance, providing a roadmap for banks to enhance their operational efficiency and financial resilience
Analyzing Financial Stability and Performance of Indian Banks through Capital Adequacy and Debt-equity Ratios: A Comprehensive Statistical Analysis
No full textAims: This study analyzes the financial stability of selected Indian banks using Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Debt-Equity Ratio (DER) over five financial years (2019-2024).
Study Design: This study applied statistical techniques, including descriptive statistics for measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (standard deviation, variance) for the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Debt-Equity Ratio (DER). Line charts were created to visualize trends. For hypothesis testing, ANOVA was conducted to compare the mean CAR and DER across different banks, with Bonferroni tests used for specific pairwise comparisons.
Duration of Study: 2019-2020 to 2023- 2024.
Methodology: This study used secondary data from bank annual reports, regulatory filings from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and MoneyControl.com.This study applied statistical techniques, including descriptive statistics for measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (standard deviation, variance) for the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Debt-Equity Ratio (DER). For hypothesis testing, ANOVA was conducted to compare the mean CAR and DER across different banks, with Bonferroni tests used for specific pairwise comparisons
Results: The findings indicate that Kotak Mahindra Bank and HDFC Bank maintain strong CAR with low variability, ensuring stability. In contrast, Union Bank and SBI exhibit lower CAR and higher variability, indicating potential risks. SBI and Axis Bank manage leverage effectively, while Union Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank show significant DER fluctuations. ANOVA results suggest no significant differences in CAR and DER across banks, highlighting overall stability
Conclusion: This study emphasizes the significance of financial stability and performance evaluation in the banking sector, focusing on key ratios like the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Debt-Equity Ratio (DER). It finds that private sector banks, such as Kotak Mahindra Bank and HDFC Bank, outperform public sector banks, which exhibit higher variability in performance. While ANOVA tests show no significant difference in capital adequacy levels across banks, the notable variability in DER highlights the need for improved debt management
Predicting Consumer Choices Using Brain Signals and a Hybrid Gray Wolf–Cheetah Algorithm
No full textThe diversity of customer decision-making and product preferences combine to form a marketer\u27s nightmare. In this work, we introduce a new neuromarketing method for predicting consumer choices based on brain signals. Participants were 25 healthy volunteers (1838 years old) who observed 14 items while their electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. In this paper, a hybrid feature selection method is proposed on the basis of the parallel population strategy of the Gray Wolf Optimizer and the Cheetah Optimization Algorithm. In contrast to the existing approaches, with this hybrid model the exploration ability of the GWO is combined with the exploitation rate of Cheetah Algorithm, where the convergence rate and the feature relevance on both of them are improved simultaneously. Spectra high order, a method capturing non-linear and complex pattern in EEG signals, was applied for the initial feature extraction, resulting 742 features. The proposed algorithm further yielded a reduced set of 174 key features. It was found that the average prediction accuracy of the model in predicting users’ product choices was 76.84%, 4.92% higher than that of baseline methods. These findings show the promise of this method in improving targeted advertising and creating a more personalized consumer experience
Examining the Relationship between Audit Committee Attributes and Financial Performance of Listed Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria
No full textThis study investigated the relationship between the characteristics of audit committees and financial performance of Nigerian manufacturing firms. Data was gathered from the annual financial statements of the chosen manufacturing enterprises and statistics from the Nigerian Exchange Group\u27s (NGX) fact book covering the ten-year period from 2014 to 2023; the study population consisted of all production-based companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group as of December 31, 2023. The research used both descriptive and inferential analytical methods, with Pearson\u27s correlation analysis and a panel estimation technique acting as the inferential analysis method. A Hausman test was conducted to identify the most appropriate panel estimation technique for the study. According to the regression analysis, the relationship between audit committee independence and the financial performance of Nigerian firms is weak and statistically insignificant. The regression coefficient for audit committee independence within the fixed effect analysis was -0.0928, with a t-statistic of -0.4180 and a p-value of 0.6769 (p>0.05). Similar findings were made by the same analysis, which showed a negative and statistically insignificant association between audit committee meetings and return on equity (regression coefficient = -0.3218, t-statistic = -0.6311, p-value = 0.5296, p > 0.05). A negative and insignificant link with return on equity was further demonstrated by the fixed effect analysis\u27s regression coefficient for audit committee size, which was -0.8195, t-statistic of -1.0200, and p-value of 0.3105 (p>0.05). The study concludes that the companies\u27 return on equity is not significantly impacted by the attributes of their audit committees. The study recommends, among others, that manufacturing companies keep their audit committees independent. This is because accurate and reliable financial statements are necessary to attracts investors, keep stakeholders\u27 trust, and facilitate well-informed decision-making
Factors Influencing Customs Delays at Kribi Port: A Case Study of Containerized Goods
No full textThis research investigates the customs clearance procedure for containerized cargo at the Port of Kribi, Cameroon, using a quantitative explanatory approach to determine delay factors, evaluate their socio-economic consequences, and recommend policy-sensitive changes. Data collection was achieved through 359 valid responses from a stratified random sample of participants which included customs brokers, shipping lines, customs officers, import-export agents, SGS Cameroon, and port administrators which formed an 87% response rate. Descriptive results identified major delay factors which include insufficient financial resources, limited scanning equipment, red tape, poor interagency collaboration, and lack of agency cooperation. A chi-square test of independence showed a significant relationship between stakeholder group and perceived cause of delay (χ² = 84.76, df = 24, p < .001) thus confirming the research hypothesis while Cramér’s V 0.243 indicated small to moderate effect size suggesting differing perceptions across stakeholder groups. Such inefficiencies lead to increased delays in clearance time, increased demurrage costs, higher operational expenses, reduced customer satisfaction, and a decrease in the port’s competitiveness. For these issues, the study proposes full digitization of the customs and port system, enhancement of training for identified key players, and aligning customs policies to international benchmarks of trade facilitation as areas of design interventions
Trends and Patterns of Migration Remittances in Kerala: An Insight from Kerala Migration Survey
No full textIn Kerala, major chunk of state income obtained through migration and remittance. Remittance received by the state has manyfold socio-economic consequences. This paper verifies trends and patterns of remittance in Kerala by using Kerala Migration Survey (KMS) as prime data source. This paper realized steady increase in remittance from 2003 to 2018, but Gini ratio (0.26) revealed moderate regional disparity in remittance. The remittance inflow widens the gap between migrant and non-migrant households in terms of income and consumption expenditure. Similarly, utilization of remittance revealed that investment is more on real estate rather than productive activities