Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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Design and Fabrication of Canoe Pulling Machine for Small-Scale Fishery in Ghana
No full textThe canoe puller was designed and constructed to aid fishermen pull their canoe. The mechanise pulling was achieved by designing and fabricating the machine required to pull the canoe offshore. This study sought to ease the minds and strength of the fishermen who think the only means of pulling the canoe is using their hands and strength. The concept design for the canoe-pulling machine was based on general evaluation criteria such as components, materials, cost, safety, maintenance, and accessibility, which enabled the researcher to arrive at the final project design. The construction was done to aid in pulling the canoe to ensure that persons (fishermen) who are done with their daily activities will not go through the hell of struggling to pull the canoe with their hands and strength. The maximum von misses’ stress recorded was 24.16 MPa while deformation was 28.5 mm. The mass, area, and volume of the designed canoe puller were 111.39 kg, 2.53 m2, and 14.99 m3 respectively. The design and construction of the canoe puller eliminate dependence of manpower for canoe pulling
Psychosocial Challenges in Mortuary Practice in Kenya
No full textThe primary goal of the study was to identify psychosocial challenges in Kenyan mortuary practice. Among other stressors, mortuary professionals experience psychosocial difficulties include depression, compassion fatigue, burning out, anguish and death anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, occupational stress, and heightened stress. The current study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The research employed a cross-sectional retrospective design. Mortuary employees in Nairobi County, Mombasa County, Kisumu County, Nakuru County, Machakos County, Kakamega County, and Meru County were the focus of the study. The study findings indicate that the majority of participants fell within the 31-40 age group, which constituted 36% of the total study population. This suggests that individuals in this age range are likely to be more actively engaged in the profession or field under study, possibly due to career growth, stability, or experience. The stigma imposed on mortuary workers may be related to the nature of the profession and the diverse belief among the people that treating the dead is unclean employment. The implications of this finding are that mortuary personnel may confront human resource issues, with employers developing attitudes about this cadre
The Influence of Strategic Capacity Building on Performance of National Non-Governmental Organizations in Rukungiri District, Uganda
No full textThe performance of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) largely depends on their capacity-building efforts, which enhance institutional effectiveness and service delivery. This study examined the influence of capacity building strategies on the performance of National Non-Governmental Organizations (NNGOs) in Rukungiri District, Uganda. Guided by the Human Capital Theory, a quantitative research approach was adopted using a correlational research design. The study targeted 180 respondents, including NNGO staff, government officials, and key stakeholders, from which a sample of 124 was selected. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaires based on a five-point Likert scale, with stratified, proportional, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select respondents. Simple linear regression analysis revealed that capacity building had a statistically significant positive effect on NNGO performance (t = 4.796, p = 0.000; p<0.05). This finding implies that enhancing capacity-building initiatives leads to measurable improvements in organizational performance, reinforcing the critical role of strategic investments in human capital and institutional development. A strong correlation was observed between capacity-building dimensions and NGO performance (r = 0.636, p < 0.01), highlighting the importance of staff development, systems improvement, and institutional strengthening in driving performance outcomes. The study concludes that investing in capacity-building strategies is essential for improving NNGO effectiveness. It recommends strengthening staff training and integrating capacity-building strategies into NNGO operations. These findings contribute to existing knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the impact of capacity building on NNGO performance in the Ugandan context
Investigation on the Shear Performance of Concrete Beams Reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars
No full textThis paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the shear behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars. A total of six (6) RC beam specimens of dimensions 120 mm x 200 mm x 2000 mm were cast, consisting of five (5) full GFRP RC beams and one (1) full steel RC beam. The beams comprised normal concrete of strength of 23.4 N/mm² and 30.4 N/mm², reinforcement of 0.7% and 1.13% GFRP main tensile bars and a constant 0.7% GFRP compression reinforcement. A constant 0.65% shear reinforcement ratio (200 mm GFRP stirrup spacing) and a fixed shear span-to-depth ratio of 3.78 were maintained. The mechanical properties of GFRP and steel bars were evaluated, with nominal diameters of 10 mm for stirrups and 12 mm for longitudinal reinforcement. The investigation sought to evaluate the effects of these test variables on the shear performance of the RC beams subjected to a four-point monotonic loading. Experimental results showed that all GFRP RC beams with a 200 mm stirrup spacing failed in diagonal shear, while the control steel RC beam failed in concrete crushing after yielding of the longitudinal tension steel bars, as predicted by the theoretical analysis. ACI provided conservative shear predictions with an estimated average experimental-to-predicted shear capacity ratio (VExp/VPred) of 1.44, a standard deviation (SD) of 0.17 and a coefficient of variation (COV) of 11.79%. With equivalent test variables, GFRP RC beams exhibited lower shear capacities in comparison to the control steel RC beam due to the reduced dowel action of the GFRP bars and their lower modulus of elasticity, which compromised post-cracking transverse stiffness and shear resistance. The study also examined the impact of strain energy absorption in GFRP RC beams on ductility and energy dissipation in relation to the observed failure modes
Cybersecurity Threats and Financial Performance of Listed Commercial Banks in Nigeria
No full textThe study examined the effect of cybersecurity threat on financial performance of listed commercial banks in Nigeria. The study specifically examined the extent to which financial loss from cybersecurity threat affects the earnings per share of listed commercial banks in Nigeria. This study adopted an ex-post facto research design. The population of the study comprises all fourteen (14) listed commercial banks on the Nigerian Exchange Limited. From this population, a sample of ten (10) listed commercial banks were selected using judgmental sampling technique. Data for the study were obtained from secondary sources, particularly the audited annual financial statements of the sampled banks, Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation annual reports and Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System fraud reports from 2012 to 2023. In addition to the descriptive analysis of the data using measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion, hypothesis testing was conducted using robust least square regression. The study found that financial losses from cybersecurity threats have a negative effect on the earnings per share of listed commercial banks in Nigeria (β = -0.013024, p = 0.0000). In conclusion, cybersecurity risks are not just technical or operational challenges but also crucial financial concerns that directly affect the bottom line. The study recommends that the management of listed commercial banks in Nigeria prioritize investment in robust cybersecurity frameworks by implementing advanced security measures and proactive risk management strategies to minimize financial losses resulting from cyber incidents, safeguarding the bank\u27s financial performance
Preserving Identities and Accessing Global Knowledge: The Educational Paradox in Indigenous and Living Language Contexts
No full textThis article explores the educational paradox faced by Indigenous communities: the challenge of preserving their cultural and linguistic identities while integrating into a global knowledge society. Based on the case of the Northeast Regional Complex of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), the study highlights intercultural educational strategies that avoid assimilationist practices by promoting epistemic equity. Programs such as General and Community Medicine include Indigenous languages and traditional health practices alongside scientific training, fostering horizontal dialogue between knowledge systems. The article underscores the importance of moving beyond folkloric inclusion toward structural curricular changes, interculturally sensitive teacher training, and collaboration with Indigenous communities. It advocates for an educational model rooted in epistemic integration, where Indigenous knowledge is validated and empowered rather than subordinated. Recent studies highlight the need to move beyond the colonial cognitive frameworks that have historically marginalized Indigenous cultures, recognizing them as dynamic and legitimate forms of knowledge that enrich educational and scientific processes. The authors consider that by promoting linguistic revitalization, critical interculturality, and global competencies, including English proficiency, the model will enable all students, especially those from Indigenous communities, to share multiple perspectives from distinct epistemic worlds without renouncing their identities. The BUAP experience demonstrates that it is possible to reconcile the preservation of identity while fulfilling the global commitment to higher education. BUAP is an example of how educational institutions can educate students capable of navigating local and global contexts without sacrificing their cultural heritage, which contributes to the broader goals of educational equity and the decolonization of knowledge
Assessment of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Piper nigrum Leaf Extract in Wistar Rat Models
No full textPiper nigrum L. (black pepper), a commonly utilized traditional herbal medicine, possesses possible anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties attributed to its alkaloids, especially piperine. This study assessed the effectiveness of a 70% ethanolic extract of dried leaves of Piper nigrum in male Wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema. In contrast, the analgesic function was examined by acetic acid-induced writhes and tail-flick tests at dosages of 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg. The 750 mg/kg doses showed statistically significant inhibition of edema (p < 0.05) at 3 and 4 hours following carrageenan injection, demonstrating effects equivalent to ibuprofen. Only the maximum 1000 mg/kg test dose exhibited statistically significant analgesia (p < 0.05) in the writhing test. However, the tail-flick test demonstrated dose-dependent efficacy, with the 750 mg/kg dose being statistically significant (p < 0.05) at 2 and 4 hours. Phytochemical research revealed the presence of piperine and chabamide, which are likely to suppress the release of prostaglandins, mainly through piperine. Consequently, the findings reinforced the ethnopharmacological assertion regarding Piper nigrum, suggesting that its leaf extract may be a viable natural alternative to synthetic analgesics with reduced side effects. It warrants further investigation to contextualize chabamide\u27s efficacy in optimizing therapeutic applications
Outcomes-Based Education Assessment Practices of Junior High School Teachers in Mapanas Agro-Industrial High School: Basis for a Training Program Design
No full textAims: The study aimed to examine the assessment practices of Junior High School teachers at Mapanas Agro-Industrial High School within the Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) framework, identify implementation challenges, and leverage these findings to design a contextualized training program.
Study Design: This study employed a descriptive-correlational research design.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at Mapanas Agro-Industrial High School in Northern Samar during the School Year 2024–2025.
Methodology: Utilizing total enumeration, the study included 31 Junior High School teachers. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire designed to assess the alignment of assessment practices with OBE principles and gauge perceived training needs. Descriptive statistics summarized assessment practices, while multiple regression analysis identified potential predictors of training needs.
Results: Findings indicated that teachers reported very high levels of positive attitude and perception toward OBE assessment, consistently applying key OBE practices such as defining learning outcomes, utilizing rubrics, and integrating technology. They also perceived their existing assessment methods as very highly effective. However, teachers concurrently identified significant challenges, notably limited access to OBE-aligned resources, large class sizes, and inadequate administrative support. While the regression model for predicting training needs was not statistically significant, perceived assessment effectiveness approached significance, suggesting that teachers who viewed their current methods as effective might still seek further structured OBE training to bridge perceived gaps.
Conclusion: Junior High School teachers at Mapanas Agro-Industrial High School demonstrated a strong commitment to and high proficiency in OBE-aligned assessment practices, yet they faced notable systemic and resource-related implementation challenges. A targeted and practical training program was strongly recommended. This program aimed to emphasize differentiating assessments, integrating technology, and fostering collaborative planning to enhance teacher competency and ensure the sustainable and effective implementation of OBE in rural educational settings
Smart Irrigation in Nigeria: A Panacea to Curbing Hunger and Food Insecurity
No full textNigeria has enormous agricultural potential, covering an area of over 923,768 square kilometres. However, despite Nigeria\u27s economy heavily relying on agriculture and petroleum, poverty and hunger still exist. The primary causes of famine and food shortage in Nigeria are insecurity and conflict, poor farming methods, erratic weather patterns, insufficient water management plans, inadequate infrastructure, inadequate government regulations and low agricultural investment. Other concerns include inequality and poverty, food waste and losses after harvest. This project proposes designing an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled irrigation system that comprises a lithium battery, ESP8266 microcontroller, solar panel, capacitive moisture sensor, and the Blynk smartphone app. The solar panel charges the lithium battery that powers the system, and the charge controller regulates charging and prevents overcharging and deep discharge. The ESP8266 microcontroller evaluates the real-time data gathered from the soil by the moisture sensor to determine whether to activate the DC pump to irrigate the area. The device efficiently irrigates crops based on monitored moisture levels, saving water and increasing agricultural productivity. The Internet of Things (IoT) combines smart sensors, networked devices and cloud computing to continuously gather, process and analyze data, allowing for automation and real-time monitoring, removing human intervention and enabling remote system control, predictive maintenance and instantaneous decision-making. Industry sectors such as agriculture can benefit from IoT\u27s automated responses and data-driven insights to improve safety, increase productivity and optimize operations
Performance Analysis of a Solar-powered Absorption Refrigeration System for Small-scale Farmers in the Global South
No full textA solar absorption refrigeration system powered by a solar Photovoltaic (PV) module has been successfully built and tested for its performance. The solar panels selected for the absorption refrigeration system are rated at 150 W. From the experiment conducted on the solar-powered absorption refrigeration system, results show that the lowest evaporating temperature of 10.1 °C was achieved after 12 hours of operation from the initial conditions. It was found that a heat input of 785 W, with a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.65, yields a cooling capacity of 510 W. Another observation was that the system operated at an evaporating temperature ranging between 10.8 °C and 10.1 °C. The overall performance (COP) of the solar-powered absorption refrigeration system is 0.65. Further analysis indicated that the inclusion of energy storage not only enhances cooling but also increases the system’s throughput, allowing it to be used during nighttime hours