Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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Artificial Intelligence-driven Supply Chain Optimization for Sustainable Last-mile Delivery in Smart Cities: An Electric Vehicle Routing Approach
No full textThere has been a rise in demand for affordable, sustainable last-mile delivery services in smart cities due to the upsurge in e-commerce and urbanization. Aside from many challenges to the traditional logistic infrastructure are environmental pollution, excessive operating costs, and traffic congestion in the roads. The research presented herein proposes an optimization model for artificial intelligence-enabled electric vehicles towards enhancing service reliability, reducing carbon emissions, and saving time on delivery. The EVRP solution model in accordance with city-specific parameters such as battery capacity, charging station availability, and prevailing traffic conditions has been developed by integrating Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and metaheuristic approaches, i.e., Genetic. The model performance was validated with actual delivery data sets on a simulated Lagos smart city network. Based on findings, relative to traditional routing methodologies, the AI-informed optimization model saved CO2 emissions by 31.4%, delivery time by 22.5%, and overall distance travelled by 17.8%. Additionally, the proposed system had flexibility with changing demand patterns and traffic flow, enhancing urban logistics resilience. These findings illustrate how electric vehicle routing using artificial intelligence can support policy initiatives in low-carbon smart cities, enhance business productivity, and promote environmental sustainability. Policymakers, logistics firms, and urban planners seeking to establish sustainable last-mile delivery networks in rapidly emerging cities will find this study helpful
Factors Influencing the Usage of Life-Saving Equipment among Commercial Boat Users and Operators in Southern Nigeria
No full textThe likelihood of harmful events such as boat capsizing, injury, and drowning increases in a non-usage of life-saving equipment (LSE) and studies revealed that most drowning victims are generally low lifejacket users. The study assessed the factors influencing the usage of life-saving equipment among commercial boat users and operators in southern Nigeria. The study adopted the use of questionnaire in data gathering among commercial boat operators and users (commuters) from various jetties (12) which cut-across six (6) Southern States in Nigeria, where commercial boating activities is most predominant. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential (linear regression analysis) statistics. The outcome revealed that 38.7% of the operators uses the life-saving equipment due to compliance with work ethics while safety (30.1%) and prevention of drowning of the boat users (44.4%) were indicated as the factor influencing their usage of LSE. There was a weak correlation between determinant factors and compliance to life-saving equipment usage among boat users (R=0.128, R2 =0.016). Although compliance is compulsory across the studied jetties, there is need for an increased LSE awareness creation among the commuters to improve safety awareness and enforcement practice to ensure increase compliance among operators.
 
Comparative Evaluation of Systemic and Hair Growth Pathways for the Detection and Assessment of Chronic Stress
No full textHair could be a new route index that could be used to diagnose chronic stress in individuals who have gone through chronic stress with or without obvious clinical sequelae. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare between systemic and hair growth pathway in the detection and assessment of chronic stress. This study was designed to compare the effect of chronic stress and during recovery phase on various stress biomarkers between two measurement routes; hair and serum. A total of 30 female albino rats weighing 100 -170g was used. These experimental animals were divided into three (3) Groups. Group one (1) was control group n=10, Group two (2), =10 was experimental group exposed to physical stressor and Group three (3) n=10 was experimental group exposed to chemical stressor. Serum was collected at the end of each experimental procedure and hair was shaved, washed and dissolved for analysis. Stress biomarkers analyzed were cortisol, Ghrelin, Prolactin, DHEA, C-reactive Protein, Sodium, Potassium and calcium. Data was analyzed using Independent Sample T-Test, One Way Anova followed by Post Hoc. Values were considered significant at P=0.05. In this study, hair growth pathway detected chronic stress when compared with the baseline during physical restraint with sodium (262.45mmol: l:301.19mmol/L). Also, chronic stress was assessed during chemical stress using hair route with calcium ,C-reactive Protein Prolactin, Ghrelin, DHEA(P=0.05).Equivalently, serum detected chronic stress when compared with baseline during physical stress with Ghrelin(4.50ng/ml:0.78ng/ml) and during chemical stress in Cortisol ,Ghrelin (P=0.05) In conclusion, this work has revealed that chronic stress could be assessed and detected with Hair Growth Pathway using these stress biomarkers-Sodium, Calcium, C-reactive Protein, Prolactin, Cortisol and DHEA. Therefore, hair Growth Pathway could provide a novel simpler methodology and could be used in assessment and detection of chronic stress
Implementation of the Study Assignment Policy for State Civil Apparatus in the Gorontalo Provincial Government
No full textThis study aims to determine and analyse the level of compliance, smooth routine functions, performance and desired impact on the implementation of the study assignment policy for ASN in the Gorontalo Provincial Government. This research uses qualitative research methods and for data collection researchers combine interviews, documentation and observation. To analyse the data, researchers used the opinion of Miles and Huberman, namely data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusions. The results showed that (1) The level of ASN compliance with the study assignment policy still faces significant challenges, policy implementers, especially BKD Gorontalo Province, have shown a fairly good understanding of the study assignment policy. BKD attempts to comply with regulations by drafting SOPs and providing socialisation. However, there is non-compliance in monitoring and evaluating ASNs who undergo independent study assignments, as well as the lack of understanding of some ASNs about the study assignment policy, including the requirements that must be met. (2) Routine functions carried out by BKD employees are relatively smooth with the support of updated SOPs based on the latest regulations. The main obstacle lies in the limited number of employees handling study assignments, although this number is considered adequate based on workload analysis. (3) The desired performance and impact are in line with expectations. The study assignment policy has a positive impact on improving ASN competence and organisational development. Support in the form of scholarships and end-of-study assistance has helped ASN complete their education. However, policy implementation has not been optimal, especially in terms of delays in issuing study assignment decrees and budget limitations to support the smooth running of the programme
Experiment on the Application of Polychromatic, Monochromatic, and Achromatic Educational Materials and Their Effect on Memory Recall
No full textThis study investigates the impact of polychromatic, monochromatic, and achromatic-based educational materials on memory recall. Specifically, it aims to evaluate which method notably influences retention. The research, conducted with 45 college students, utilized true experiment research design measured in a between-subject approach, where participants were equally and randomly distributed to three groups: polychromatic, monochromatic, and achromatic. A structured memory recall test was administered after participants engaged with the study materials under their assigned conditions. Descriptive Statistics revealed that using polychromatic educational materials yields the highest average score in memory recall (M = 10.3, SD = 2.09). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant difference between the conditions (F=4.08, p=0.024). However, the post-hoc comparison test showed that only the use of polychromatic educational materials in contrast with the use of achromatic yielded a statistically significant difference (p = 0.020, d = 1.030) compared to the use of monochromatic against achromatic-based educational materials (p = 0.179, d = 0.660) and the use of polychromatic opposed to the use of monochromatic educational materials (p = 0.573, d = 0.370). Findings emphasized the significant role of color in facilitating memory recall, which is supported by existing literature. Limitations of the study include the colors of the materials used to highlight the information in the given passage, the setting where the experiment was conducted, and the number of participants involved. Moreover, the study contributes to the limited literature in the context of color psychology and provides insights for developing effective learning strategies
Perceived Impact of Academic Stress on the Mental Health of Engineering Students in Nigerian Universities
No full textAim: University students are a vulnerable population at risk of mental illness. Engineering students represent a sub-population of university students experiencing high academic stress and poor mental health outcomes. Despite the documented impact of academic stress on mental health and learning outcomes globally, engineering students in Nigerian tertiary institutions remain an under-researched group. Little is known about the unique contextual factors that contribute to academic stress and the perceived impact of academic stress on well-being among this group. This cross-sectional survey study examined the prevalence and impact of academic stress on the mental health of engineering students in 12 Nigerian universities, focusing on their unique experiences and the factors that contribute to stress.
Five hundred students from Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Mining, Computer, and Agricultural Engineering departments at 12 universities across two geopolitical regions in Nigeria (Southwest and North Central). These students were invited to complete an anonymous survey. The surveys were distributed in person and online. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20, and descriptive statistics and T-tests were performed.
Transportation to and from class emerged as a major source of stress, with 85.05% of respondents indicating it as a significant challenge. Over 80% of respondents reported that course-related factors such as struggles to understand lecture materials and lecturers’ teaching styles are stressful. Financial concerns were also prevalent, with over 70% of respondents identifying them as a key stressor. When asked about the overall stress level of their academic program, 44.86% rated it as extremely stressful, 35.51% as moderately stressful, 12.15% as mildly stressful, and 7.48% as not stressful. Furthermore, 26.17% of respondents reported that academic stress had a severe impact on their well-being.
The high prevalence of stress underscores the pressing need for targeted interventions that address the root causes of stress in this population. It is crucial for educators, academic administrators, and mental health professionals to recognize the stressors that engineering students in Nigeria face and offer appropriate support. By addressing these issues, school administrators can enhance student well-being and learning outcomes
Exploring the Antihyperlipidemic Properties of Piper nigrum
No full textHumans have used herbal medicine to address medical conditions since the inception of civilization. This study seeks to assess the effectiveness of Piper nigrum as an anti-hyperlipidemic drug and its influence on lipid profiles. We utilized the model to evaluate the effectiveness of the plant antihyperlipidemic activity. SGPT and SGOT levels were statistically significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in groups 6 and 5, respectively, at doses of 900 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg. No groups demonstrated statistically significant results in the renal function test. Despite a slight reduction in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and overall cholesterol, no group exhibited statistically significant outcomes. However, the elevated dosage of 900 mg/kg showed the most significant reduction in these metrics. The ethanolic extract of this plant demonstrates significant antihyperlipidemic effects, and further research may aid in the advancement of alternative medical uses
Critical Factors Influencing Electronic Health Record Adoption in U.S. Hospitals: An Empirical Analysis Using the Technology-Organization- Environment Framework
No full textThere is a growing agreement that electronic health record (EHR) can play a key role in improving healthcare quality and efficiency. Despite the benefits associated with the use of EHR, the adoption of EHR is low in the United States. The main aim of this study is to identify the critical factors affecting the hospitals’ adoption of EHR. This study identifies seven critical factors that are key to the adoption of EHR by using the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework. Moreover, we propose a research framework that provides future research opportunities that can offer further insights into the study of adoption of EHR
Histopathological Effects of Industrial Effluents on Lung Tissues of Wistar Rats
No full textBackground: Environmental pollution from industrial effluent discharge poses a significant health risk, particularly through inhalation and ingestion. This study aimed to evaluate the histological effects of treated and untreated effluents from selected chemical and petrochemical industry in Rivers State, Nigeria on the lung tissues of Wistar rats.
Methods: A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n=8 per group). Group 1 served as the control, while Groups 2–5 were administered 100% effluent samples (10 mL/kg body weight) of untreated refinery effluent, treated refinery effluent, treated Notore effluent, and untreated Notore effluent, respectively, via oral gavage for 28 days. Animals were sacrificed on days 3 and 28 to assess acute and chronic effects. Lung tissues were extracted, fixed in 10% buffered formal saline, and processed for histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining.
Results: Histological examination revealed significant inflammatory responses in treated groups. Day 3 samples showed inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar congestion, and mild epithelial distortions. Day 28 samples demonstrated severe inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar rupture, congestion, and bronchial epithelial distortion, with more pronounced effects in the untreated effluent groups.
Conclusion: Findings indicate that exposure to industrial effluents, particularly untreated samples, induces severe lung tissue damage over time. This study underscores the health risks of industrial effluent pollution and the need for stringent effluent treatment and regulatory enforcement to mitigate environmental and public health hazards
Implication of Poor Awareness of Sex Education on Teenagers in Udenu Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria
No full textAims: The purpose of this work is to study the implication of poor sex education on teenagers in Udenu local government area of Enugu state.
Study Design: The researcher adopted a descriptive survey research design.
Place and duration of study: The study was conducted in five randomly selected secondary schools in Udenu local government area of Enugu state, Nigeria, between July 2024 and February, 2025.
Methodology: The sample consisted of 290 students and 10 teachers from randomly selected schools. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The researchers access knowledge/opinion regarding sex education through the questionnaire. Four-point Likert scale rating of strongly disagree (SD), disagree (D), agree (A) and strongly agree (SA) with values of 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively was used for the research.
Results: The research shows that there is a mixed knowledge on the teaching of sex education in secondary schools in Udenu local government area of Enugu state. Furthermore, the finding also shows that resistance to implementation of sex education in the curriculum due to societal taboos, religious belief, limited support from parents, leading to reduced acceptance and effectiveness of programs, inconsistent policies and curriculum making unequal access to sex education and insufficient materials or funding, hindering comprehensive education are some of the challenges to adoption and teaching of sex education in schools. teenagers need to be equipped with adequate knowledge of sex education if they are to negotiate sexual relationship safely and responsibly. The finding also showed that early marriage, teenage pregnancy, contacting of sexually transmitted infection are the implications of lack of knowledge of sex education on the teenagers, the effect of which they suffer at a later part of their life.
Conclusion: The research suggested that in order to solve this problem of poor awareness of sex education on teenagers, the government, teachers, and parents should ensure that sex education is given to the students, right from their family to school and the society at large