Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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The Influence of Social Facilitation on Test Performance
No full textAims: This study explores social facilitation\u27s influence on first-year undergraduate students\u27 test performances.
Place and Duration of Study: University of Mindanao Digos College, Department of Arts and Sciences, BS in Psychology Program
Methodology: The study utilized a true experimental design with between-subject approach in allocating the participants. The participants were selected through a short survey, and receiving an academic distinction award with honors upon their senior high school graduation was the primary qualification regardless of gender and age. They were randomly assigned to either solo study or group study conditions. Twenty students (17 females; 3 males) undergo the solo study condition, and another twenty students (18 females; 2 male) undergo the peer group study condition. Both groups received identical posttest and pretest questionnaires to ensure the validity of the result.
Results: Results showed no statistically significant difference in test performance between the two study methods (p <.05), as indicated by the Mann-Whitney U test. Solo study participants demonstrated a slightly higher mean improvement (M = 6.00) compared to group study participants (M = 5.50), but the effect size (i = 0.212) indicated minimal difference.
Conclusion: Both study methods are equally essential to improving college students\u27 test performance. Results stated no statistically significant difference between the peer study group and solo study condition. However, the study\u27s limitations include a small sample size (N = 40) and a homogeneous group of participants (first-year psychology students who excelled academically in senior high school), restricting the generalizability of the findings.
Rising Damp in Buildings: Causes, Impacts, and Mitigation Strategies in Krofrom and Ampabame New Sites
No full textRising damp is one of the common problems in buildings which affects the durability of the buildings and the health of the people living in it. This study investigates the causes, effects and mitigation measures of rising damp in buildings within Krofrom and Ampabame new sites. Rising damp is particularly a problem in domestic structures where damp-proof courses (DPCs) or membranes are often absent due to poor construction management, and lack of information. An explorative research approach was adopted to collect data from 150 buildings through direct observation, questionnaires, interviews, and laboratory analysis of the soil samples. The results showed that 66.7% of the buildings were affected by rising dampness, which caused some typical defects including mold growth (58%), peeling paint (62%), efflorescence (45%), and wet patches (76%). Laboratory analysis indicated that the soil had relatively high levels of moisture with an average of 18.5% at shallow depths. The effect of rising damp included higher maintenance costs, deterioration of the structure, and health problems, with 65% of the tenants experiencing symptoms of respiratory diseases. The study revealed that conventional treatments such as paint, waterproofing, and drainage were effective for only the short term. The most effective solution was the installation of new damp-proof courses, which decreased the level of dampness by 85%, however, the main drawbacks were the high costs and technological complexities. Thus, there should be stricter rules regarding building, more available information and subsidies for materials that are resistant to moisture. Also, further studies should be made on the development of environmentally friendly and economic measures for moisture management. Treating rising damp needs the involvement of policy makers, builders, and the public to increase the durability of buildings and improve the quality of life of occupants
Forecasting Student Enrollment Trends in Hotel Catering and Institutional Management at Kumasi Technical University
No full textThis study considered the trends in enrollment for two major programs at Kumasi Technical University: The Higher National Diploma and the Bachelor of Technology in Hospitality and Catering Management. The research study employed descriptive statistics, stationarity tests, and ARIMA modeling to analyze past enrollment data and provide a forecast of future trends. It shows that the HND program has a higher and more stable enrollment base, with an average of 85.6 students, whereas the BTECH program is rather variable, with lower enrollment figures at an average of 28.2 students. The results of the test show that both the HND and BTECH time series data are stationary and therefore could be modelled for forecasting future trends using ARIMA models. Based on this, one would immediately project that the numbers studying for HND are likely to decline steadily from 2025 to 2029. Correspondingly, BTECH numbers would increase throughout this same period. These trends suggest that the university may need to adapt its curriculum and strategic direction, particularly for the HND program, in response to declining enrollments and capitalize on the growing demand for BTECH degrees in technology and engineering. This study emphasizes the need to align academic programs with the demands of the labor market and shifting student preferences as a means of ensuring long-term sustainability and relevance
Sustainable Cost Optimization in Gas Processing: Navigating Operational Efficiency and Environmental Compliance
No full textThis review explores the critical balance between cost optimization and environmental compliance within the gas processing industry. As companies face increasing pressure to enhance operational efficiency while adhering to stringent environmental regulations, this paper examines integrated approaches, such as sustainable process design, life-cycle assessment, and the adoption of green technologies. It highlights the trade-offs and synergies between cost reduction and environmental goals, emphasizing the importance of proactive risk management strategies. Additionally, the paper discusses emerging trends, including the transition to low-carbon energy sources, digitalization, and regulatory evolution, which are likely to impact future strategies in the industry. This study systematically examines these factors and provides actionable recommendations for gas processing companies striving to achieve long-term success through sustainable and efficient operations. Regulatory evolution will continue to be a driving force in the industry. As environmental concerns grow, regulations are expected to become more stringent, requiring companies to adopt more rigorous compliance measures. This will likely increase the demand for innovative solutions for cost savings and environmental benefits
A Note on Norm-Attaining Properties for Frame Operators
No full textThis paper examines the relationship between frame operators, dual frames, and norm attainability in Hilbert spaces. Frames are basis-like systems that span a vector space while allowing linear dependency, enabling the achievement of desirable properties not available with orthonormal bases. Frames provide redundant and stable vector representations, which are particularly valuable in signal processing applications. Norm attainability refers to the condition where a frame operator acts as a scalar multiple of a vector. This study explores how frame bounds, redundancy, and tightness influence the norm-attaining properties of frame operators and their duals. Theoretical results are developed to enhance the understanding of norm-attaining operators and offer insights into designing frames with optimal properties for practical applications, especially in signal processing
Study of Greenhouse Gases: Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) Emissions in the Seagrass Beds of Tanjung Tiram and Halong Beach, Inner Ambon Bay
No full textN2O gas is the third largest contributor to global warming at 7.9% after CO2 76.7% and CH4 14.3%. Although the concentration of N2O is smaller than CO2 and CH4 in the atmosphere, which are the largest contributors to global warming, it has a relatively long lifetime of 150 years. Coastal ecosystems such as seagrass ecosystems, in addition to having the ability to absorb greenhouse gases, can also release N2O gas due to organic matter originating from land and litter from seagrass itself. Research on the concentration and emissions of greenhouse gases in seagrass beds is still minimal. Therefore, research on N2O gas emissions needs to be conducted to provide additional scientific information on greenhouse gas emissions in the Tanjung Tiram and Halong Beach seagrass areas, Ambon Dalam Bay. This research was conducted in June - September 2023. Gas sampling was carried out by placing a cover on the sediment in the seagrass beds according to the dominant species living there. The gas that has been taken is then put into a 10 ml vial bottle to be analyzed for greenhouse gas concentration in the greenhouse gas laboratory of the Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency (BSIP) of Pati Regency, Central Java. After the greenhouse gas concentration value is obtained, the carbon emission value analysis is carried out. Statistical analysis for N2O gas concentration using single factor ANOVA. The highest N2O concentration at the Tanjung Tiram location was found in the Thalassia hemprichii species 0.372 ppm and the lowest in the Enhalus acoroides species 0.355 ppm while the highest N2O concentration at the Halong Beach location was found in the Halodule pinifolia species 0.376 ppm and the lowest in the Cymodocea rotundata species 0.346 ppm. The highest N2O emissions at the Tanjung Tiram location were in the H. pinifolia species 0.01289 mg/m2/hour and the lowest in the T. hemprichii species 0.00484 mg/m2/hour, while the highest N2O emissions at the Halong Beach location were in the T. hemprichii species 0.00923 mg/m2/hour and the lowest in the H. pinifolia species 0.0183 mg/m2/hour
Development and Validation of Locally Sourced Math Manipulatives for Grades 1 and 2 Pupils
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to develop and validate culturally relevant math manipulatives using locally sourced materials for Grade 1 and 2 learners in Balasi Elementary School, Flora District, Apayao, Philippines. The research addressed the lack of culturally appropriate and cost-effective math manipulatives in the school. The study employed the Research and Development (R&D) model of Borg and Gall to develop five entirely new manipulatives: "Hold Me! Click Clock" for telling time, "Make Three, Make Two" for multiplication as repeated addition, "What\u27s Missing? Fill Me" for pattern recognition, and "Toss and Fill In" for addition and subtraction. These manipulatives were not adaptations of existing materials. The manipulatives were evaluated using the DepEd’s evaluation-rating sheet and a face validation tool. All manipulatives passed the evaluation criteria, demonstrating their validity and effectiveness for teaching the targeted math concepts. The study highlights the potential of using local materials in developing teaching resources to enhance learning, promote inclusivity, and support environmental sustainability
Methods: The researcher used the research and development (R&D) model of Borg and Gall, which involved five phases: identifying learning competencies in Mathematics 1 and 2 where math manipulatives can be integrated, developing math manipulatives appropriate for the identified topics using local materials, evaluating the manipulatives using the DepEd’s face validation tool and the evaluation-rating sheet, incorporating comments and suggestions from the validation process, and finalizing the instructional materials.
Results: This study was conducted to develop and validate math manipulatives as instructional materials in teaching specific topics in Math 1 and 2. The researcher made use of the Research and Development model as a method of research with the following phases: Identification of learning competencies where math manipulatives can be integrated, development of the math manipulatives and validation of the IMs using face validation tool developed by the DepEd. Learning Resources Management and Development System. The developed IMs was evaluated by the School Learning Resources Management and Development Committee of Balasi Elementary School of Flora district. From the data gathered, the research yielded the following findings: math manipulatives can be used in teaching telling time, multiplication as repeated addition, missing patterns, and addition and subtraction. The developed math manipulatives passed the criteria for evaluating IMs set by the LRMDS.
Conclusions: There are five learning competencies where math manipulatives can be integrated into telling and writing time, illustrating multiplication as repeated addition, determining the missing terms in each continuous pattern, illustrating addition as putting together or combining sets, and subtraction as taking away or comparing elements of sets. All the math manipulatives are rated valid and passed the criteria set by the School Learning Resources Management and Development System. The study concluded that the use of locally sourced materials in developing math manipulatives is an effective way to enhance learning, promote inclusivity, and support environmental sustainability. The developed manipulatives were found to be valid and effective for teaching the targeted math concepts. However, further research is needed to assess the manipulatives\u27 impact on student learning
Evaluation of Anaesthetic Efficacy of Ocimum gratissimum on Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings during Transport
No full textHigh fish mortality caused by stressors during transportation hurts the aquaculture sector specifically fish farmers. Synthetic anaesthetics made from chemical materials are banned because of safety and residual effects. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent leaf) powder as a natural anaesthetic in transporting C. gariepinus fingerlings. A total of 300 C. gariepinus fingerlings were exposed to 0.00, 10.00, 20.00, and 30.00 g/6L inclusion levels of O. gratissimum leaf powder in 12 gelcans (10litres) filled with 6L of water each. Twenty-five C. gariepinus fingerlings were introduced into each treatment and control in a complete randomized design (four trts and three replicates). The experimental fish were transported from Minna to Suleja at 204 km/h (to and fro). Anaesthetized fish exhibit decreased induction time with an increase in concentration of the O. gratissimum powder while recovery time increased with an increase in concentration. The longest induction and shortest recovery times were recorded in 10 g/6l (T2), while the shortest induction and longest recovery times was recorded in 30 g/6l (T4). The survival rate of fingerlings decreased with an increase in the concentration of the O. gratissimum. A high mortality rate was recorded in trt 4 (30 g/6l) due to increased concentration of experimental plants. The result obtained from the analysis of physical and chemical characteristics of water before, during, and after the transportation showed variation in most of the parameters. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in dissolved oxygen, pH, and sulphate but no significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in Temperature and Ammonia. Due to its effectiveness and availability; O. gratissimum is close to an ideal anesthetic for use in aquaculture. Farmers could therefore use 10.00 g/6L concentration of the powder for transportation of C. gariepinus
Exams to Excellence: Inspiring Success Stories of Civil Service Passers: A Case Study of Central Bicol State University of Agriculture - Calabanga Campus, Philippines
No full textThis phenomenological study explores the success stories of the students of the College of Arts and Sciences, Central Bicol State University of Agriculture – Calabanga Campus who took and passed the civil service examination. This research uncovered the participants\u27 strategies, secret ingredients, and the perceived benefits of passing the Civil Service Examination, and developed recommendations to improved review processes. This study used semi-structured interviews with 29 participants focusing on participants who had undertaken review programs, and thematic analytical methods were used to analyze gathered data for common strategies and themes. Findings revealed that participants utilized some resources, such as, educational videos, practice tests, online educational platforms, which helped them to their review experiences. It was also revealed that study scheduling and time management, including personalized study plans and consistent review blocks were important. Mental readiness, as well as emotional considerations, such as self-confidence, positive thoughts and stress tolerance techniques were also important. Among the benefits noted, improved job opportunities and career progress were said to be some of the benefits. The study recommended to integrate digital resources into review plans, develop personalized study schedules, prioritize mental and emotional well-being, leverage structured review programs, and implement effective time management strategies. These recommendations aim to enhance exam preparation, improve performance, and support participants in achieving their career goals
Health Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Contents in Sediment and Water at Balanga Dam Gombe State, Nigeria
No full textHeavy metals are occurring in natural waters bodies can be found in both dissolved and particles form which are essential to living organisms, yet may become highly toxic when present in high concentrations. The study was aimed at evaluating heavy metals potential in Balanga Dam reservoir. Four samples of water and sediments where heavy metals were investigated (Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Ni, Fe, Mn and Zn) by their concentrations using AAS. Heavy metals concentrations in both water and sediment were beyond the recommended permissible limits range 0.002 to 0.004 mg/kg. Hazard Index of Non-carcinogenic in heavy metals in Water were calculated in three pathways; ingestion, inhalation and dermal range; Mn=2.75E-05 to Pb = 1.04E-06 while Hazard Index in Sediments range; Mn=2.52E-06 to As = 1.57E+07. Both water and Sediments showed HI >1 indicated adverse health risk effect. Cancer risk of ingestion pathway in water showed value of Cr = 8.02E-06 > Cd=1.68E-06 > As=2.50E-07 > Pb=1.28E-09 has the least value. Inhalation path way showed Cr = 1.24E-09> Cd=2.48E-10 > As=3.81E-11> Pb=9,328E-13 which was too low. Cancer risk assessment of carcinogenic heavy metals in sediments were also shown in two specific pathways whereby the result indicated the same values with the water pathway. Physicochemical parameters of water and sediments showed the mean pH values of 6.16 and the conductivity have the mean value of 150 μscm-1. Heavy metals investigated in water and sediments showed concentrations beyond permissible limits constituted a threat to aquatic life and human health hazard and cancer risk on human will persisted on body systems of humans and aquatic life at certain prolong time