Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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Proof of Medical Negligence in Nigeria: Legal and Procedural Considerations
No full textMedical negligence litigation in Nigeria remains fraught with significant legal and procedural challenges, often leaving victims of malpractice without adequate redress. Despite a growing number of claims, successful prosecution remains limited due to evidentiary and procedural constraints. This study aims to critically examine the procedural steps involved in proving medical negligence in Nigeria, with a view to identifying gaps and proposing practical reforms. The research adopts a doctrinal methodology, relying on the analysis of statutes, case law, and relevant legal literature to explore the stages of litigation in medical negligence claims. The study finds that establishing a duty of care, proving breach, demonstrating causation, and securing expert medical opinion are core hurdles for claimants. Procedural complexities in evidence gathering, initiating legal action, and responding to defenses further complicate access to justice. Judicial discretion and difficulties in enforcement also limit the efficacy of litigation outcomes. The paper concludes that while legal principles guiding medical negligence claims are well-established, procedural bottlenecks persist. It recommends improved judicial training, clearer procedural guidelines, and institutional reforms to facilitate access to expert evidence and streamline litigation. These measures are essential to strengthening the adjudication process and promoting justice for victims of medical malpractice in Nigeria
An Evaluation of the Types, Growing Conditions, and Production Process of Millet Based on Botanical Features
No full textMore than a millennium, people have grown millet, a varied family of small-seeded grasses, nutrient dense grain, grown especially in area with poor soils and frequent drought like semi-arid parts of Asia and Africa, as it thrives in poor condition. They are vital crop as it plays a major role in ensuring global food security because of their rich nutritional value, adaptability and its capacity to thrive in harsh condition. A detailed analysis of several millets, such as finger millet, foxtail millet, pearl millet, and others, is given in this chapter. It discusses their distinct botanical traits, ideal growth circumstances, and particular production procedures, including planting, harvesting, and management after harvest. This chapter also discuss the obstacle that prevent the millet production, and the management and technique for the advancement of the millet production. Understanding how different kinds of millets are produced will help us better understand their function and its position in sustainable agriculture and how they might strengthen the resilience of our food chain. This chapter seeks to offer a greater understanding of millets and their role in sustainable agriculture through a detailed analysis
Catch Per Unit Effort, Catch Composition and Economic Analysis of Fishing Gears Operating in Dal Lake: A Baseline Study for Fisheries Management
No full textA field study was conducted on the cast net and gill net fishery and species composition in the Hazratbal and Bod Dal basins of Dal lake, Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir. The study was conducted from February 2015 to May 2015 with the objectives of assessing the catch composition using cast net and gillnet and evaluating the income of the fishers. A total of nine species of fishes were identified in the catches of cast net and gillnet in the lake which included Cyprinus carpio, Carassius carassius, Schizothorax niger, Schizothorax esocinus, Schizothorax curvifrons, Crossocheilus diplochilus, Triplophysa spp., Puntius conchonius and Ctenopharyngodon idella. The dominant species during the study period was C. carpio which contributed 63.97% of the total catch by biomass and 41.64% by number on the whole. It dominated the catch by biomass as well as number in both the basins followed by C. carassius which contributed 32.09% by number and 20.5% by biomass. In both the basins of Dal Lake, maximum catch (by biomass) was found in the month of May and minimum catch in the month of February. The maximum number of specimen were recorded in the month of April in the Hazratbal basin and May in the Bod Dal basin of Dal Lake, Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir. The study further underscores the economic assessments like initial investment, fixed cost, operating cost and the returns of the fishermen who operate different gears in the Dal Lake, Jammu & Kashmir
Conversion of Vegetable Oils into Glycidyl Ethers: The Key Process Moving Towards Sustainability and Improved Performance in Epoxy Resins
No full textIt is through a review of conversion of vegetable oils into glycidyl ethers focusing on their roles in achieving sustainability and improved epoxy resin performance. It involves functionalization of triglycerides in the form of epoxidation followed by glycidylation and yields bio-based monomers having improved mechanical as well as thermal properties. The review covers the underlying chemistry, production drivers, industrial applications, and future issues, supported by quantitative data and comparative studies. In addition, it integrates recent data on catalyst choice, feedstock flexibility, and environmental performance factors of bio-based resins, indicating their suitability for replacing traditional petroleum-based components
Exposure, Language Learning and Reading Strategies: A Structural Model for Grammatical Competence
No full textThis study explored how language exposure, language learning, and reading strategies are connected to grammatical competence among 400 Grade 9 students in public schools in Region XI. Using a non-experimental, quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the researcher collected data through a validated questionnaire to understand these relationships.
The findings showed that students generally had high language exposure (mean = 3.82), with school being the main source (mean = 4.01) and home exposure being slightly lower (mean = 3.65). In terms of language learning, students also performed well (mean = 3.96), with reading emerging as the strongest skill (mean = 4.01) and listening as the weakest (mean = 3.92). For reading strategies, students scored high overall (mean = 4.01), with cognitive strategies slightly ahead of metacognitive strategies, showing that students actively engage with texts to improve their understanding. Grammatical competence was extreme (mean = 4.29), with subject-verb agreement being the most consistently applied skill (mean = 4.52).
However, the study also found some weak negative correlations between language exposure, language learning, reading strategies, and grammatical competence, suggesting that these factors don’t always have straightforward effects on each other. The best-fitting model, Structural Model 3, showed that while these factors are all important for developing grammatical competence, the relationships are more complex than initially expected.
The study highlights the need for stronger language education, more effective teaching strategies, and supportive learning environments. It also suggests that future research should include other educational levels, explore the impact of digital and social media, and test practical grammar teaching methods. Developing local teaching materials based on these insights could improve students’ grammatical competence
Research on the Impact of Inert and Hydraulic Additives on Self-compacting Concrete Utilizing Brick Aggregate
No full textSelf-compacting concrete (SSC) is a novel concrete capable of flowing under its own weight without the need for concrete vibration, capable of achieving full compaction and filling the formwork despite the presence of packed reinforcement. Ongoing research is focused on substituting different components of concrete to develop stronger and more cost-effective alternatives. This study explores the replacement of natural stones with brick aggregate, while also partially substituting ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with stone dust and low-grade recycled fines (LRF), which are byproducts from the steel manufacturing industry. The coarse aggregate utilized in this research was derived from high-quality, readily available GAS-burned brick. The fineness of the coarse aggregate was assessed using ASTM C136 (2019), a widely recognized testing method. The ASTM C127 (2015) standard testing procedure was employed to determine the absorption capacity of the coarse aggregate. A feasibility study was carried out to assess the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC) utilizing brick aggregate. The incorporation of marble dust consistently improves workability, particularly at the 10% level, which aids in the handling and placement of SCC while meeting EFNARC criteria for self-compacting characteristics. Low-grade recycled fines (LRF) contribute to an increase in flowability and workability to a moderate extent when used at 5% to 10%. Marble dust proves to be a more effective option for enhancing the modulus of elasticity in SCC, as evidenced by the reduction in modulus of elasticity across all levels of LRF replacement
2-D Subsurface Electrical Resistivity Investigations for Mineral Exploration of Uwanoba, South-South Nigeria
No full textMineral exploration is a complete sequence of activities. It ranges between searching for a new mineral prospect (reconnaissance) and evaluation of the property for economic mining (feasibility study). It also includes augmentation of additional ore reserves and resources in the mine and total mining district. Most people in the Western World are environmentalists at heart whether engaged in the mineral exploration or extraction industries or not. The mining and quarrying companies are simply responding to Society’s desire and demand for houses, washing machines, and cars with roads on which to drive them, and so on. Two stark facts that the majority of ordinary people understand are first that ore bodies are wasting assets (that is, once an ore body is being exploited it has become a wasting asset and one day there will be no ore, no mine, and no further cash flow) and second that they are not evenly distributed throughout the Earth’s crust. The study area is Uwanoba and its environs, Edo state, Nigeria. The research in this environment unveiled the hidden rocks and minerals that were not captured during the conventional aeromagnetic and satellite imaging of rocks and minerals. The wenner alpha electrode configuration was deplored throughout in this study and Pasi Earth Resistivity Meter was utilized. Ten profiles were carried out; each profile is 200 metres long, and 50 metres apart. The low resistivity material with average apparent resistivity value below 1675 Ωm is interpreted to be clayey sand/ shalely sand, the medium (median) resistivity material with average apparent resistivity values between 1675 Ωm and 3500 Ωm which depicts coastal plain sand/ fine sand, and the high apparent resistivity material above 3500Ωm on the average is interpreted to be coarse dry sand
Assessing the Efficacy of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Versus Testosterone in Managing Post-Orchiopexy Testicular Atrophy: A Study from a Resource-Constrained Healthcare Facility
No full textCryptorchidism, affecting 1–4% of full-term male infants, poses long-term risks of infertility, hormonal dysfunction, and testicular malignancy if untreated. Orchiopexy, the gold-standard surgical intervention, aims to reposition the testes into the scrotum to preserve fertility and hormonal function. However, postoperative testicular atrophy, characterized by a ≥20% reduction in testicular volume, can undermine these benefits, necessitating adjuvant therapies to salvage compromised gonadal tissue. This prospective, randomized, single-center cohort study evaluated the efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) versus testosterone in managing testicular atrophy following orchiopexy in pediatric patients. Participants were randomized 1:1 into two treatment arms using block randomization (block size = 4) stratified by laterality (unilateral vs. bilateral). For the normality test, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used to verify the normal distribution of continuous variables. Between-group comparisons; an independent samples t-test was used for comparing mean testicular volumes and Doppler parameters (PSV, RI) between Group A and Group B at each time point. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v.27 (IBM Corp.) and R software v.4.1.2 (IBM, free, open-source software environment for statistical computing and graphics), with significance set at p < 0.05. A higher proportion of patients achieved significant testicular volume gain (responders, defined as patients achieving a ≥50% increase in testicular volume at 6 months). This was observed in 21 (87.5%) patients in the hCG group and 18 (78.3%) in the testosterone group (p = 0.37). This underscores the superior efficacy of hCG therapy in inducing testicular growth. Our findings support hCG as the preferred therapy for post-orchiopexy atrophy due to its effectiveness in restoring testicular volume and perfusion. Starting hormonal treatment 4 to 6 weeks after surgery balances recovery and therapeutic benefits, aiming to improve testicular development and function while reducing risks of early or late initiation
Perceived Effectiveness of AgriTecH in Disseminating Oil Palm Production Technologies in Western Tanzania
No full textDissemination of agricultural technology is vital to increasing sustainability and productivity; hence it is important to assess how well it reaches and benefits farmers. This study aimed at evaluating farmers’ perceived effectiveness of AgriTecH in the dissemination of improved oil palm production technologies in Tabora and Katavi regions in the Western zone of Tanzania. The study employed a cross-sectional mixed-methods research design involving quantitative and qualitative methodologies. A semi structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from a sample of 120 respondents while focus group discussions and key informant interviews were employed to obtain qualitative data. Quantitative data were analysed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programme while content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The study found that overall, farmers’ perception about AgriTecH’s effectiveness was positive with a mean score of 4.11 ± 0.03 suggesting that they perceived AgriTecH as effective in the dissemination of improved oil palm production technologies. In particular, AgriTecH was perceived to be the most effective in the reliability indicator with a mean score of 4.13 ± 0.03 and the least effective in the tangibility indicator with a mean score of 3.96 ± 02.
The study concludes that while AgriTecH supports farmers with services that are accessible, responsive, and reliable; however, improvements in the physical infrastructure and upholding high standards in service delivery are necessary for effective extension delivery
Role of Strategic Leadership in Shaping Organizational Culture During Mergers and Acquisitions
No full textThis narrative review explored the critical role of strategic leadership in guiding mergers and acquisitions, with a focus on fostering a cohesive organisational culture to ensure successful integration. The study aimed to evaluate how strategic leadership shaped cultural alignment, promoted cross-cultural collaboration, and addressed cultural differences during mergers and acquisitions activities. A qualitative approach was applied, reviewing secondary materials, including scholarly journals, industry reports, and case studies involving significant mergers. Findings revealed that strategic leadership played a key role in articulating a unified vision, applying structured change management practices, and involving employees in the integration process to reduce resistance and boost organisational efficiency. Identified challenges included cultural conflicts and resistance to organisational change, with actionable strategies presented to address these issues effectively. The review demonstrated that cultivating a strong organisational culture contributed to seamless mergers and acquitionss transitions and long-term strategic achievement. The study recommended prioritising leadership training initiatives that develop cultural awareness, enhance communication skills, and promote inclusive approaches. This research synthesised modern insights and practical guidance, delivering a robust framework for leaders managing cultural integration complexities within the evolving global business environment