Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports
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Profile of Diabetic Nephropathy in Southern Morocco
No full textDiabetic nephropathy (DN) has a steadily increasing prevalence, particularly because of the increase in sedentary lifestyle and obesity. It is defined as persistent albuminuria and/or estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m² for ≥3 months in a diabetic patient and requires early management to prevent progression to end-stage renal failure. The purpose of this work is to describe the epidemiologic profile and the progression of DN for the first time in a southern Moroccan region: Guelmim Oued noun - Moroccan Sahara.
Patients and Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted at the 5th military hospital in Guelmim and including all diabetic patients seen in nephrology consultation between January 2015 and December 2018. We collected the following parameters of our patients: demographics, comorbidities, prescribed treatments and biological data (Albuminuria, renal function and glycated hemoglobin) during their nephrology follow-up.
Résults: During the study period 267 diabetic patients were included among 1042 patients, which represented 25.9% of the nephrology consultation activity. Their average age was 64.3 ± 11.3 years with a slight male predominance (60%) and only two patients had type 1 diabetes.
At the first nephrology consultation the average duration of diabetes was 14 years, 15 (5.6%) patients were on diet alone, 94 (35.3%) on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), 93 (34.9%) on insulin and 34 (13%) on OAD and insulin. Half the patients were hypertensive and 146 (54%) already had a cardiovascular complication (arterial disease, coronary artery disease or stroke).
Albuminuria was positive in 80,5% of patients and average of initial albuminuria was 207 [38;727] mg/g. The average eGFR was 58 [36 ; 89] ml/min/1,73m² and 115 (52%) patients already had renal failure. Forty-six (17%) patients had no renal function assessment during their previous follow-up and only 137 (50,9%) were on renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs). After a 24-month follow-up, the albuminuria tended to stabilize after RASI introduction in nephrology consultation. However, the eGFR decreased with an average which went from 58 to 50 ml/min/1.73m².
Conclusion: Diabetic nephropathy accounts for at least a quarter of nephrology consultation activity in the region of Guelmim Oued Noun. It is characterized in this context by the delay in treatment using renin angiotensin system inhibitors and late nephrology referral hence the need to strengthen preventive strategies in this region especially continuous training
Chronic Diarrhea Due to Human Norovirus in a Kidney Transplant Recipient : A Case Report
No full textDiarrhea is a common complication seen in kidney transplant recipients and is usually linked to immunosuppressive therapies. Human norovirus infection is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis globally. It has recently been recognized as a factor in chronic diarrhea among solid organ transplant patients. We present a case of persistent diarrhea in a kidney transplant patient caused by human norovirus, including its treatment and results
Students’ Attitudes and Academic Achievement in Mathematics in the Modern World (MMW): A Correlational Analysis
No full textAims: This study aims to examine the relationship between students’ attitudes toward mathematics and their academic achievement in Mathematics in the Modern World (MMW) at the University of Eastern Philippines. It seeks to determine whether a positive attitude significantly influences students\u27 performance in MMW.
Study Design: A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, with the descriptive method used to characterize students’ attitudes toward mathematics and their achievement, while the correlational approach assessed the relationship between these two variables.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the University of Eastern Philippines, during the second semester of the 2024–2025 academic year.
Methodology: The study utilized proportional sampling, involving 310 students enrolled in MMW. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, consisting of two sections: a checklist on students’ attitudes toward mathematics, adapted from Bangalan and Hipona, and a 40-item achievement test, covering the four mandated topics in MMW, adapted from Garcia. Statistical analyses, including the Pearson correlation, were conducted to determine the significance of the relationship between attitudes and achievement.
Results: Findings revealed that students generally hold a positive attitude toward mathematics, with an overall mean attitude score of 3.524 (SD = 0.4808), interpreted as positive. The students\u27 achievement in MMW was categorized as satisfactory, with a mean score of 19.00 (SD = 7.638). A significant positive correlation (r = .386, p < .01) was found between students’ attitudes and their academic achievement, indicating that students with more favorable perceptions of mathematics tend to achieve higher scores in MMW.
Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of fostering positive attitudes toward mathematics to enhance academic achievement. It recommends interactive teaching methodologies, confidence-building initiatives, curriculum integration of practical applications, and individualized learning support to improve student engagement and mathematical proficiency. These findings reinforce the need for strategic educational interventions to optimize learning outcomes in mathematics
Attractive Classroom Organization and Creating Community Teaching of Teachers in Public Elementary Schools
No full textThis study aimed to determine the significant relationship between attractive classroom organization and creating community teaching among public elementary school teachers in the Talomo West District, Division of Davao City. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, involving 138 public elementary school teachers selected through universal sampling. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires administered within school settings and analyzed through mean, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple linear regression. Findings revealed that attractive classroom organization, measured across the domains of concepts, sensitivity, needs, and risk-taking, was oftentimes practiced by teachers. In contrast, creating community teaching, assessed in terms of supportive, instructional, preventive, and responsive strategies, was only sometimes demonstrated. Correlation analysis indicated a moderately positive and significant relationship between attractive classroom organization and creating community teaching. Further analysis confirmed that the domains of classroom organization significantly influenced the implementation of community-oriented teaching. Moreover, two null hypotheses were rejected. Based on these findings, it is recommended that schools implement capacity-building initiatives, such as training and professional development programs, to enhance classroom organization and promote stronger community teaching practices. These efforts can directly contribute to more inclusive, engaging, and supportive learning environments
Optimizing Stem Curriculum Design through Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Study of Personalized Learning Algorithms in Secondary Education
No full textThe research compares AI-driven personalized learning algorithms and traditional learning in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics curriculum design optimization, with emphasis on secondary-level biology class in West Wendover High School, Nevada, United States. Using a two-shot quasi-experimental design, the research investigates the academic performance of Grade 10 students, a sample size of (n=60) who are divided into an experimental group (AI-driven learning) and a control group (traditional learning). Pre and post-tests assessed student performance in two biology units studied—Energy in the Ecosystem and Heredity and Variation— while surveys tracked the influence of student engagement, prior knowledge, and learning preferences on AI-driven learning effectiveness. Paired and independent sample t-tests were used to compare the two groups. Results show that the AI group participants\u27 post-tests were considerably higher, with high levels of mastery (83.0% for Unit 3 and 90.9% for Unit 4), in contrast with the moderate mastery of the traditional group (69.2% for Unit 3 and 70.9% for Unit 4). Paired and independent samples t-tests statistical analysis proved to the superiority of AI-driven learning compared to traditional learning in terms of improving academic performance, particularly in complex subjects like genetics, heredity, and variation. Besides, AI-driven learning improved learners\u27 engagement by facilitating real-time feedback, adaptive learning paths, and interactive digital tools, while the study highlights the importance of consolidating foundational knowledge alongside AI integration. The paper concludes that AI-driven personalized learning considerably improves STEM learning because it meets personal learning requirements, stimulates interest, and makes complex ideas simpler. For optimum AI-driven teaching, though, STEM curricula should integrate personalized AI-driven with interactive, peer-to-peer learning exercises to promote greater conceptual comprehension.
Based on these findings, this study recommends the use of AI-driven tools in STEM courses, the development of advanced adaptive learning features, and the implementation of hybrid approaches to AI-driven and traditional learning. It also recommends district leaders, curriculum designers, and instructors to explore AI-driven personalized learning to enhance curriculum optimization and continue researching to design and test these methods for large-scale implementation
Assessing Farmers Perception and Knowledge in the Management of Economically Important Insect Pests of Rice in Seirra Leone
No full textPest infestation has been a major challenge and significant constraint to rice production in Sierra Leone, threatening food security and farmers livelihoods. Unfortunately, there is a limited study on farmers’ perception and knowledge on the identification and management of these pests. Therefore, this study assessed farmers’ perceptions and knowledge regarding the identification and management of economically important insect pests across three key rice producing districts (Kenema, Kambia and Moyamba). The study used a mixed methods approach, and data were collctedfrom 300 rice farmers through structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Statistical packages for social science and both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed. The findings revealed that middle aged farmers were the most dominant and played a critical role in rice production while there was limited engagement from the younger and older farmers posing serious concern about further production. The findings further revealed a widespread reliance on physical and traditional pest control methods such as manual removal and farm sanitation with limited adoption of integrated pests’ management(IPM) practices. Major pests identified included stem borers, rice ear bug leafhoppers and termites. Logistic regression analysis showed that IPM adoption was significantly influenced by farmers age, education level, and pest knowledge. Despite low awareness of IPM, most of the farmers expressed willingness to adopt the practice. Pest infestations resulted in substantial yiled losses across all districts with Kambia experiencing the highest reduction(1.2 t/ha). Key constraints to pest management include lack of capital, limited access to credit and insufficient extension support. This study therefore underscores the importance of education, training, and financial support in promoting IPM adoption and sustainable pest management
Penile Fracture, Unusual Mechanism of Injury: A Case Report
No full textBackground: Penile fracture is a rare but serious urological emergency involving rupture of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum, typically during vigorous sexual activity. A sudden cracking sound, immediate pain, detumescence, and penile deformity often accompany it. Prompt diagnosis and surgical repair are critical to prevent long-term complications. This report presents a unique mechanism of penile injury causing fracture in a rural Ghanaian setting.
Case Presentation: A 26-year-old male presented three weeks after sustaining penile trauma while watching pornography in a supine position on a motorbike. Physical examination revealed a swollen, ecchymosis, deformed penis (the classic "eggplant" sign). Surgical exploration revealed a bilateral partial rupture of the corpora cavernosa and a complete 4x3 cm urethral tear. The injury was repaired. Despite the delayed presentation, the patient recovered uneventfully and regained normal erectile function within two weeks postoperatively.
Discussion: This case underscores the challenges of managing penile fractures in resource-limited settings, including delayed presentation due to stigma and lack of local surgical expertise. While early intervention is preferred, successful outcomes are still achievable with delayed surgical management. The ventral location of the injury correlated with the urethral involvement, consistent with anatomical susceptibility during erection. Surgical approach via subcoronal degloving provided adequate exposure for complete repair.
Conclusion: Penile fracture with urethral involvement, even when presented late, can be effectively managed with surgical intervention in rural healthcare settings. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion and prioritise early diagnosis and surgical repair to optimise outcomes
Augmented Project Management: Exploring the Role of AI Tools in Decision-making and Resource Optimisation
No full textBackground: Project management is defined as the planning, execution, and monitoring of projects to meet predefined objectives/success criteria while adhering to specified time, budget, and scope constraints and is crucial to successful business. Conventional project management processes have been largely dependent on human expertise and manual processes, but, due to increasing project complexity as a result of globalisation, technological advancement and more sophisticated client demands, conventional methods are also seen as having limitations.
Aim: This review aims to discuss the disruptive capabilities of AI on in the field of project management with an emphasis on the use of AI instruments to help decision making, resource deployment and risk handling within complicated projects.
Methodology: The paper consisted of a review of studies, case studies and tools deployed within multiple sectors, including construction, IT and Healthcare, in academic articles. Reports produced between the years of 2015-2025 were included.
Results: AI applications have transformed the manner in which projects are managed, specifically by revolutionising how projects deal with resource allocation, risk and decision making. Decision making can be improved through the use of data-driven insights from predictive analytics and automatic learning of machine algorithms, serving to reduce the role of human error and predicting project trends. Forecast, LiquidPlanner, Smartsheet, and other similar AI-driven software applications assist in scheduling projects and managing resources. AI tools further reduce the administrative burden, support collaborative teamwork, and automate repetitive tasks. On top of that, the case studies of Bechtel and Fluor, among others, reveal the actual advantages AI brings to decrease project costs, resource allocations, and overall project performance.
Conclusion: The use of AI tools has changed the face of project management, hugely improving efficiency and decision-making and overall risk management. Additional studies should assess the ethical implications of AI and the future implications of projects. The future of AI in project management is optimistic, and, as technologies progress, it is likely to impact project management by making projects more efficient, sustainable, and economical throughout industries
Evaluating French Language Training in Ghanaian Nursing and Midwifery Education: Relevance and Effectiveness
No full textIntroduction: In a globalised world where healthcare providers are increasingly coming into contact with patients from diverse language backgrounds, communicating effectively in the patient’s language is essential. Considering that French-speaking countries border Ghana, including French language competency will not only enhance the care of patients but also increase the employability of health professionals in French-speaking countries. This notwithstanding, the plausibility of integrating French into the nursing and midwifery education remains underexplored.
Objective: This study seeks to address this gap by assessing nursing and midwifery students’ proficiency in French, exploring their attitudes towards integrating the French language into the curriculum, and examining the effectiveness of instructional methods and assessment techniques used in French language courses.
Methods: The study employed the descriptive cross-sectional design using the multi-stage sampling technique to select 400 nursing and midwifery students from 8 of Ghana’s 15 regions. A structured online questionnaire (response rate: 81.5%, 326/400) was used for data collection, after which descriptive statistics were employed for data analysis using IBM’s SPSS software.
Results: Students reported low French language proficiency with mean scores for speaking (M=2.42, SD=1.05), comprehension (M=2.40, SD=1.06), and writing in French (M=2.36, SD=1.11). These notwithstanding, respondents agreed on the curricular relevance of French (M=3.48, SD=1.14) and expressed willingness to learn (M=3.33, SD=1.13). Interactive methods (for instance, student participation: M=3.69, SD=1.06; multimedia: M=3.46, SD=1.24) and varied end-of-semester examinations (M=3.53, SD=1.15) were positively rated, even though improvements were required in practical skills.
Conclusion: Even though students recognize French for career advancement, there remain proficiency gaps and anxiety about practical language use. This could be bridged through prioritizing immersive clinical scenarios, standardized proficiency benchmarks, and institutional investments in language labs or trained tutors
The Utilization of Statistical Tools on the Attitude towards Statistics among Kcast Students: A Mixed Method Study
No full textThis study examined the relationship between the utilization of statistical tools and students\u27 attitudes toward statistics at Kapalong College of Agriculture, Sciences, and Technology (KCAST). The purpose of this study was to determine how the use of statistical tools influences students’ confidence, engagement, and perception of statistics. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the research combined quantitative surveys from 142 students and qualitative insights from 14 participants through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The findings revealed that while statistical tools helped simplify computations and improve data analysis, students faced challenges in selecting appropriate tools and interpreting results. Despite these difficulties, those who effectively utilized statistical tools reported increased motivation and appreciation for the subject. The results from both quantitative and qualitative phases aligned, suggesting that integrating technology in statistics education enhances learning experiences. The study highlights the need for structured lessons on statistical tool selection, hands-on practice, and continuous instructional support to help students develop confidence and proficiency in statistical analysis