Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
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Determinants of Agricultural Land Fallowing in Kerala, India: Insights and Implications
No full textKerala\u27s land use dynamics have undergone significant transformations, with increasing fallows emerged as a key concern amid changing land utilization patterns. The study explores key factors contributing to the fallowing of agricultural land in Kerala. The research was conducted across three districts selected based on implementation of fallow land development schemes representing the northern, central, and southern regions of the state. A total of 360 farmers were surveyed, comprising 180 farmers with owned fallow land and 180 beneficiaries of fallow land development schemes. Data were collected using a pretested interview schedule, developed through extensive literature review and expert inputs.
Factor analysis was employed to identify key determinants. Six major factors with eigenvalues greater than one were extracted, explaining 58.95% of the cumulative variance. These factors include perspectives on fallowing, socio-economic attributes, land use experience, risk contingencies, personal traits, and economic and agro-ecological features.
The findings highlight that perspectives on fallowing contribute the largest variance (21.96%), emphasizing the importance of farmers\u27 perception on causes and consequences of fallowing. Socio-economic attributes (11.25%) underline the role of family size, subsidiary enterprises, land value, and wage rate in influencing land use decisions. Land use experience (9.06%) reflects farming experience and preceding crop cultivated. Risk contingencies (6.22%) emphasize challenges like wild animal attacks and distance of farm land from road. Personal traits (5.50%) comprise of age and personal reason for fallowing. Economic and agro-ecological features (4.96%) including income, extreme weather events and land fragmentation, also emerged as critical determinants.
The study provides a comprehensive understanding of the multi-dimensional factors driving agricultural land fallowing in Kerala, offering insights for policymakers and stakeholders to design targeted interventions to promote sustainable land use
Constraints Faced by Members of Rice Group Farming: An Analysis Using Garrett Ranking Technique in Palakkad, Kerala, India
No full textThe study aimed to explore and rank the constraints experienced by members of Padasekhara Samithis, the collectives of paddy farmers in Kerala. The research focused on Palakkad district, which was chosen due to its high concentration of Padasekhara Samithis. From Palakkad district, Erimayur and Kizhakkanchery grama panchayats from Alathur block and Kuzhalmannam and Mathur grama panchayats from Kuzhalmannam block were selected for the study. Data was collected from 180 farmers selected from the study area during April-May 2024. Primary data were obtained through a pretested well-structured interview schedule which was validated by a pilot survey prior to the main study. To prioritise the constraints identified by the farmers, Garrett\u27s ranking technique was employed. The findings revealed four major constraints: the shortage of labour, a lack of coordination among members, inconsistency in cultivation and farming practices and issues related to poor leadership. These issues were associated with factors such as shifting of labourers from agricultural to non-agricultural jobs, the diverse interests of members and the incomplete adoption of group farming methods. By shedding light on these constraints, this study provided valuable insights for improving the effectiveness of Padasekhara Samithis. The findings are crucial for policymakers looking to enhance the sustainability and efficiency of group farming efforts in Kerala, ultimately helping farmers overcome constraints and improve their livelihoods
Analysis of Farmer Participation and Feedback on Vermicompost Training Programs at KVK Buxa, Jaunpur, India
No full textThe study titled "Analysis of Farmer Participation and Feedback on Vermicompost Training Programs at KVK Buxa, Jaunpur" evaluates the outcomes of these programs in equipping farmers with the knowledge and skills required for effective vermicomposting. A structured questionnaire was administered to 125 participants, focusing on their socio-economic backgrounds, awareness levels, and perceptions of the program\u27s impact. The research highlights the role of these training initiatives in promoting sustainable agricultural practices by enhancing participants\u27 technical understanding and practical application of vermicomposting techniques. The study revealed that the majority of participants were middle-aged (35-50 years), predominantly from the Other Backward Classes (OBC) category and most had completed intermediate education. A significant portion of the participants was engaged in Agriculture, with marginal and small landholders being the largest groups. The study found that the key reasons for participating in the training included the desire for increased income opportunities (52.5%), followed by the adoption of organic farming practices (20%) and knowledge and skill development (15.3%). Suggestions for improving future training programmes included more practical sessions (28%), better government support and incentives (32%) and increased awareness campaigns on organic farming (24%). The study concludes that vermicomposting training programmes can significantly contribute to sustainable farming practices by enhancing farmers\u27 skills, knowledge and income, with practical improvements needed in training delivery and support mechanisms
Yield and Economic Analysis of Mothbean under Rainfed Condition of Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
No full textField demonstrations were conducted on drought tolerant short duration moth bean variety with improved production technologies by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Villupuram, Tamil Nadu for increase the productivity and sustainability. A total of 15 field demonstrations were conducted out at farmer’s field by introducing short duration drought tolerant moth bean variety TMV 1during Rabi2023-24. The farmers are using local variety for their cultivation used as the check variety (farmer’s practice) for comparison. An average yield of 1060kgs/ha was recorded from TMV 1 demonstrations which showed 12.67 % increase over the farmers practice (941.12 kg/ha). The farmershave obtained additional revenue of Rs. 14,110 /ha from varietal demonstrations with improved production practices, which may motivate the farmers to adopt TMV 1 variety with the improved pulse production technologies. These type field demonstrations on introduction of short drought tolerant variety effectively influenced the attitudes, skills, and knowledge related to improved practices in pulses cultivation, fostering adoption. It also enhances the productivity and farmers income and improves the relationship between farmers and scientists
Role of Agricultural Policies in Promoting Digital Co-innovation in Benin’s Agricultural Sector
No full textAims: Agricultural policies play a pivotal role in shaping innovation processes within the agricultural sector. This paper analyzes how these policies actively foster digital co-innovation in Benin agriculture.
Methodology: We employed a mixed-methods approach, combining a systematic review based on the PRISMA-RR method—which involved screening over 100 documents to retrieve relevant data—with 48 key informant interviews and case studies involving 32 participants.
Results: The results indicate that agricultural policies not only promote stakeholder inclusion but also facilitate collaboration and enhance the complementarity of their contributions towards developing digital innovations. Moreover, the inclusion of young holders of digital startups is found to be fundamental for driving these innovations, as they bring fresh perspectives and technological expertise.
Conclusion: Therefore, effective agricultural policies must prioritize inclusion, collaboration, complementarity, and coordination to induce impactful digital innovations. This research is original in its integration of a systematic review with a case study to illustrate how public policies can effectively foster the development of digital innovations in agriculture, which is now recognized as current agricultural revolution
Climate Change Impacts on the Livelihood of North Eastern Zone Tribes of Tamil Nadu, India
No full textThe present study was conducted in the North eastern zone of Tamil Nadu during July – September 2023, with the objectives to assess the awareness and perception level of the local tribes on the impact of climate change on their livelihood, to assess the extent of the climate change impacts on their livelihood activities and to study their present adaptation strategies. It is an Ex-post facto research conducted in Tiruvannamalai district of the North eastern zone of Tamil Nadu considering its large volume of tribal population. Two tribal dominant villages viz., Nammiyampattu and Kovilur were identified for this study. The sample size was sixty active tribal respondents selected from the above study villages. Data were collected using structured and standardised interview schedule. Percentage analysis was done to get meaningful interpretation of the results. The respondents were having good level of awareness and perception on the local climate based livelihood issues. They incurred a remarkable income loss on their livelihood activities viz., from farming, livestock management, honey bee collection, construction work, business and field labour. The respondents have not followed any scientific adaptation strategies. Government intervention in price fixing, providing interest free loans, subsidies and educational training programmes are suggeste
Attitude of Rural Youth towards Agriculture as a Source of Livelihood in Rajasthan, India
No full textThe research paper spotlights the attitude of rural youth towards agriculture as a source of livelihood. Agriculture forms the crux of the socio-economic development of the country and source of livelihood to majority of the rural life. The youth are the ideal catalyst to change the status of persons involved in farming, especially in the rural communities given their greater possibility to adapt new ideas, concept and technology which are important to change the way farming is practiced and perceived. Despite this, migration of rural youth to other sectors in search of other lucrative jobs has resulted in decreasing participation of rural youth in agriculture. This has several implications for the future of Indian agriculture and India’s food security. It is imperative to find out the reasons for growing disinterest of youth to be involved in agriculture. The present study was carried out in 300 rural youth respondents in Jaipur and Alwar districts of Rajasthan using purposive sampling mehod.. The data were collected by using a well-structured interview schedule. Results revealed that majority of rural youth had neutral attitude (66.67%) followed by 17.67 per cent had highly unfavourable attitude and 15.67 per cent had highly favourable attitude towards agriculture. This, in turn, to attract and retain young people in rural areas, positive attitude toward agriculture among rural youth needs to be developed
Anger Levels of Employees Working in Government and Non- Government Organizations
No full textThe research was undertaken to study the anger levels of adults working in government and non- government organizations. The study was carried out in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh state. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. A total of 60 adults aged between 24 – 45 years working in government and non- government organizations were selected. Anger levels of adults were measured with the help of 23- items anger scale developed by T.L. Alaka et.al 2018. The data was analysed through frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation and t-test. Study reveals that majority of the government employees belonged to middle adults (72.22%) whereas non- government employees were young adults (83.33%). With regard to education majority 66.67 per cent of the government employees and 86.67 per cent non-government employees educated up to degree. Majority 86.67 per cent of the government employees and 80.00 of non-government employees belonged to medium level of anger. The results in the study also revealed that there was no significant difference between government and non-government with respect to experience, lie detector, verbal, mental dimension and behaviour dimensions respectively
Structure Analysis and Growth Trends the Economy of Bali Province-Indonesia Post COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThe 2020-2021 world economic downturn due to the Covid-19 pandemic has reduced tourist visits to Bali. The G-20 conference in 2022, which be followed by foreign tourist visits to Bali, have a positive influence on Bali\u27s economic growth. The research objectives are to Analyze Bali\u27s economic structure post-COVID-19 pandemic and make a trend for Bali\u27s economic growth post-COVID-19 pandemic. Research location in Bali Province. The type of data collected is quarterly secondary data for the 2018-2023 period (21 points) where Y=quarterly Bali economic growth, and X=quarterly foreign tourist visits. The main data source is the Bali Province Central Statistics Agency and several other related agencies in Bali. Data analysis methods are descriptive statistics, qualitative descriptive, and linear trend analysis. The research results show that, although in 2020-2021 Bali\u27s economy experienced a significant contraction due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, post the pandemic, tourist visits to Bali began to recover in 2022-2023, Bali\u27s economic structure remains the same as before the pandemic, which was dominated by the tourism sector. The results of the linear trend analysis show that tourist visits have a significant effect on Bali\u27s economic growth. This means that the increase in tourist visits after the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on Bali\u27s economic growth. If in the first quarter of 2024, tourist visits reach 1,500,000 people, then Bali\u27s economic growth will be 6.59%. However, if in the second quarter of 2024, tourist visits reach 1,600,000 people, then Bali\u27s economic growth will be 7.03%. The novelty of the research is that after COVID-19, Bali\u27s economy continues to be driven by tourism, and tourist visits have a significant influence on Bali\u27s economic growth
Perception and Utilization of Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) Services by the Farmers in Srikakulam District in Andhra Pradesh, India
No full textGovernment of Andhra Pradesh has established 10641 RBKs in the state including 836 RBKs in Srikakulam district during 2019 to fasten the dissemination of technologies and timely distribution of inputs and appropriate services to the farming community. To know the status of the meant purpose, an Extension study has been taken up by DAATT Centre, Srikakulam during 2022, with an objective to study the perception and utilization of services of Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) by the farmers in the Srikakulam district. An Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. Five farmers were selected for the study from each village and four villages from each mandal and six mandals in the district were selected randomly with a representation of three mandals from each revenue division. Total sample size was 120. Frequency, percentages and other appropriate statistical tools used for analysis.
Results of the study revealed that, nearly 65 per cent of respondent farmers had positive and good opinion on the services rendered by the YSR Rythu Bharosa Kendras and 21 % farmers have negative opinion and undecided 14% (neutral opinion). Approximately 60 % of respondent farmers had utilized the services rendered by the YSR RBK, 40 per cent did not utilized the services provided by the YSR RBKs. In the services offered by YSR RBKs, 93.33 % farmers utilised Rythu Bharosa Scheme, 91.67% farmers utilised the e crop booking, 83.33 % farmers utilized the crop insurance scheme followed by 81.67% farmers utilised the polambadi and Agro Advisory meeting services. Up to 80 % farmers utilised the services pertaining to identifying beneficiaries for various government schemes. Cent per cent farmers not utilised the services pertaining to soil and water testing facilities and 65 % farmers not utilised the services particularly Smart TV for interaction with scientists and other experts through audio and video conferences and for dissemination of technology and 50% farmers not utilised the services of animal health cards.
This study concludes that there is need to create awareness among the farmers about the services of YSR-Rythu Bharosa Kendras and include the services related to soil testing and more efforts are required to convert the unfelt needs into felt needs of the farmers related to new technologies in primary as well as secondary agriculture