Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
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Constraints and Improvements Suggestions Proposed in Adopting Recommended Cultivation Practices by Mandarin Growers
No full textThe present study was conducted in Amravati district of Maharashtra. It was purposively carried out in two talukas i.e. Achalpur and Anjangaon Surji on the basis of maximum area under mandarin. From Achalpur and Anjangaon Surji talukas, 12 villages were selected purposively having area under mandarin. Again from each selected village, 10 mandarin growers were selected purposively having bearing orchard for the present study constituting a sample size of 120 respondents. An exploratory method of research design was used. The objective of the study was to to identify the constraints faced by mandarin growers and obtain suggestions. Findings revealed that majority of respondents (93.33%) faced the problem of unavailability of proper information about chemicals to control pests and diseases followed by the those (91.66%) who are facing the problem of fruit drop in recent years along with some other constraints. While in case of suggestions, guidance by concerned department to farmers at different levels by organizing field visits gained highest frequency followed by availability of inputs at affordable price and arrangement of training programes for the areas found with higher training need respectively
Comparision of Consumer Preferences in Regards to Food Retail Formats in Tirupati City, India
No full textThis study conducted in the year 2023 aimed to compare consumer preferences for various food retail formats in Tirupati city, focusing on organized and unorganized sectors, and to identify factors influencing their choices. A representative sample of 120 consumers was selected using simple random sampling, and primary data was collected through personal interviews. The findings revealed that 73.33 percent of the consumers in showed a moderate perception of both organized (62.50%) and unorganized (73.33%) food retail formats. Kirana stores (unorganized) and supermarkets (organized) were the preferred choices for purchasing food and groceries. The reasons for preferring organized retail formats included a wide range of products and better product presentation, while unorganized retail formats were favoured for more bargaining opportunities and locally sourced products. Income levels were found to influence retail format choices, with lower-income groups more likely to shop at unorganized formats. The SWOT analysis indicated that organized stores benefit from a wide range of products but face competition from unorganized formats and online platforms, while, unorganized stores build strong customer relationships but struggle with limited product variety and changing consumer preferences
Improving Household Income by Growing Medicinal Plants in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam: A Case Study of Celastrus hindsii
No full textThe study focused on surveying and evaluating factors affecting the income of households growing medicinal plants in Hoa Binh province, Vietnam. To ensure the sample size, the expected number of samples was 120 to survey medicinal herb growers in Lac Thuy, Luong Son, Yen Thuy districts, and Hoa Binh City (it was expected that 30 samples were to be collected in each district or city). After screening the survey results, the collected data was reduced to 109 samples that met the requirements for providing all necessary survey information for analysis. These are good signs in the transformation of crop structure in Hoa Binh province, Vietnam. Factors affecting mixed income of farmer households growing medicinal plants include fertilizers and pesticide costs, selling prices, infield transportation, and propaganda – incentives. Therefore, necessary solutions in the coming period to improve household income of farmers growing medicinal plants in Hoa Binh province include: (i) Promoting training, propaganda and encouragement for farmers to grow medicinal herbs; (ii) Investing in upgrading the internal transport system in medicinal herb production areas; and (iii) Strengthening linkages in promoting the consumption of medicinal products. Developing the cultivation of medicinal plants is an effective solution for raising household income in Hoa Binh province, Vietnam
Determinants of Awareness of Rythu Bharosa Kendra’s (RBK’s) Programmes in Andhra Pradesh, India
No full textAim: The present study was taken up to understand the determinants of awareness about government intervention programme (RBK) in Andhra Pradesh
Study design: To represent the whole study area, multi-stage random sampling was used. In total, 400 respondents were selected from 4 regions consisting of 100 respondents from each region.
Place and duration of study: The present study was based on primary data collected from the year 2021-22 in Andhra Pradesh
Methodology: Binary logistic regression was applied using R software to study the awareness of determinants. Were level of awareness (0 or 1) was regressed against Gender, Age, Literacy Status, Operational Holding, Occupation and Extention Contact.
Results: The analysis revealed that the majority of respondents are male (87.75%), of middle age (65.5%), had primary (23%) and secondary education (23%), have marginal (39.5%), small (40.5%) operational holdings, having occupations in agriculture (29.5%) and combined with animal husbandry (35.75%). They had full awareness about agricultural extension, Rythu Bharosa, e-crop booking, and crop insurance. Nearly complete awareness for quality inputs and interest subsidy. Lower awareness is noted for custom hiring centers (78.5 %), agriculture advisory board (64.25%), veterinary services (56%), digital library (48.75%), WhatsApp advisory (49.75%), milk collection (18%), soil testing (15.5%), and seed germination testing (13%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that the explanatory variables like gender, literacy status, operational land holding, occupation and extension contact were the major determinants of awareness among the farmers. A unit increase in these variables favors positively the odds ratio of a farmers regarding RBK services at Andhra Pradesh.
Conclusion: The analysis reveals significant insights into the socio-economic profile and awareness of Rythu Bharosa Kendras (RBKs) schemes among farmers. A gender disparity highlights the need for targeted support for female farmers. Varied education levels and notable illiteracy indicate the necessity for tailored educational outreach. Enhanced extension services and focused support for small and marginal farmers can improve scheme uptake. Awareness of certain valuable services is low, necessitating targeted campaigns. Effective communication strategies and regular monitoring are crucial for better information dissemination and program refinement, ensuring inclusive and impactful support for the farming community
Conservation Agriculture is a Sustainable Approach for Future
No full textConservation agriculture (CA) embodies a forward-looking and sustainable approach to cultivation. It is characterized by a farming system that prioritizes sustainability through practices such as minimizing soil disturbance, maintaining permanent soil cover, and implementing crop rotations. The overarching goal is to preserve soil health and enhance productivity. This method emphasizes the optimization of natural resources, the reduction of inputs, and the enhancement of nutrient utilization efficiency. The primary focus of this review article around conservation agriculture (CA), characterized by revolutionary practices involving minimal soil disturbance (no-till, NT) and the maintenance of continuous soil cover (mulch). Agriculture heavily relies on cultivation and tillage practices. The review first explores the advantages of conventional cultivation techniques before the introduction of conservation tillage (CT), a method that originated in response to the American dust bowl of the 1930s. Subsequently, the review delves into the benefits of CA, considered an improvement over CT. The incorporation of no-till (NT), mulching, and related innovations significantly enhances soil qualities and various biotic factors within the framework of CA. Nevertheless, the promotion of Conservation Agriculture (CA) technologies encounters several challenges. These include the absence of suitable seeders tailored for small-scale farmers, conflicts between the use of CA and livestock feeding for crop residues, the practice of burning crop residues, a scarcity of skilled manpower, and the challenge of overcoming traditional attitudes towards tillage. Drawbacks of conservation agriculture encompass factors such as limited adoption, insufficient knowledge and skills, reliance on herbicides, and initial investment costs, among others
Assessing the Impact of Rapid Composting Technology on Doubling Farmer’s Income in Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India
No full textThe present work aimed to create awareness, conduct demonstrations and train the farmers of Eastern Uttar Pradesh (U.P.) on the adoption of technology on "Rapid Composting of Crop Residues" so as to bring additional income and savings in the cost of cultivation. The districts covered in Eastern U.P. were Mau, Azamgarh, Varanasi, Balrampur, Siddharthnagar, and Chandauli. During the study period (2019 to 2022), 6172 farmers representing 148 villages were reached to create awareness about rapid composting technology for organic matter recycling and livelihood enhancement. The technology was demonstrated to 4976 farmers including women by installation of 2870 composting bags. The number of awareness, demonstration and training conducted were 190, 168 and 21, respectively. By imparting training, 265 master trainers were developed. Out of this, 40 farmer turned entrepreneurs were identified based on successful adoption of this technology in terms of generation of additional income/savings in the cost of production. The farmers were able to produce one quintal of good quality compost from 1.5 quintal of raw material (paddy straw/other crop residue) from each composting bag in each cycle of production. Considering three cycles of production in a year, the farmers can earn a sum of Rs. 6000/- per bag per annum in case of selling the bio-fortified compost at the rate of Rs. 20 per kg. Whereas they save Rs. 3000/- per crop in Kharif on paddy and Rs 1,000 per crop in Rabi on wheat if they use the compost in their own farm as a part of replacement of chemical fertilizers. There is a large demand of organic manure in rural areas, therefore, farmers prefer to use it in their own farm. Some farmers have started selling the compost, which are in excess after application in the farm and earn additional income
Assessment of Compound Growth Rate and Economic Analysis of Production of Cotton in Bemetara District of Chhattisgarh, India
No full textThe study was entitled compound growth rate and economic analysis of cost of production of cotton in Bemetara district of Chhattisgarh, India. Owing to maximum area under cotton cultivation in the district Bemetara were purposefully chosen for study. A multistage sampling was applied and a total 56 cotton farmers were selected for data collection in the year 2021-22. The appropriate tabular and percentage method were the statistical tools used for data analysis. To estimate the growth rate of area, production and productivity of the cotton in Chhattisgarh and Bemetara district was found increasing but non-significantly. The study revealed that average total operational area was 16.68 ha. the average cropping intensity was found to be 198.38 per cent. The total cost of cultivation of cotton was observed highest in case of large farms in compared to marginal farms. The overall cost of cultivation was Rs. 97887.50 per hectare. The overall cost of production was Rs. 3322.72 per quintal. Gross returns from cotton was found to be Rs. 274676 per hectare. The net returns of overall farmers was observed Rs. 176788.50 per hectare. Benefit-cost ratio was ranging from 1.73 to 1.83 with respect to the farm size
Critical Analysis of Group Dynamics Effectiveness of Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) Members in Assam, India
No full textFarmer Producer Organisation (FPO) is a legal entity formed by farmers with a major role in integrating both forward and backward linkages in the agricultural sector for enhancing farmers\u27 income and their livelihoods through reduced cultivation and transaction costs. The present study to analyse the effectiveness of group dynamics of FPOs members was conducted in Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone (LBVZ) of Assam. In doing so, it utilized the descriptive research design following an ex-post-facto approach to fulfil the objectives of the study and to collect the cross-sectional data from 120 FPO member respondents through personal interview method during 2022. The study reveals that majority of the FPO members had a medium level of group dynamics effectiveness in all selected 12 indicators. The study also shows that among the identified 12 indicators to measure group dynamic effectiveness (GDE) of FPOs, group atmosphere was found with the highest mean value closely followed by teamwork, participation and group cohesiveness. The other indicators in order of importance based on their corresponding mean values were achievement of FPOs, confirmation to group norms, task function, decision making procedure, interpersonal trust, empathy and group communication. As many as 70 per cent members of FPOs in study areas had reported medium level of achievement of FPO, still there is huge scope for their further improvement and achievement in agriculture and allied activities and thereby enhance their income on sustainable basis. The study further reveals that Manikpur Joha Rice Producer Company Ltd. of Chirang district had the highest total GDEI score of 91.027. While Aya Baikho FPO Co-operative Society Ltd. of Goalpara district had the lowest GDEI score of 60.441
Analysis of Constraints Faced by Sugarcane Growers in Haryana, India
No full textSugarcane is one of the most important cash crop globally. In Haryana, particularly in the districts of Yamuna Nagar, Kaithal, and Rohtak, sugarcane production is significant. However, the adoption of production technology among sugarcane growers in these areas faces various constraints, impacting productivity and profitability. This study aims to identify the constraints faced by sugarcane growers in adopting production technology in Haryana. In order to gather information about the difficulties sugarcane growers had in implementing the production technique, structured interviews were conducted in 2023. The findings indicate that a majority of sugarcane growers (56.70%) experienced medium constraints, while 22.50% and 20.80% faced high and low constraints, respectively. Key constraints identified include high labor charges during harvesting, elevated transportation costs, labor shortages during peak periods, variability in agro-climatic conditions, and high prices of plant protection chemicals. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, such as awareness campaigns, improved supply chains, affordability of inputs, and pest management strategies, to enhance sugarcane production in Haryana
Study on Constraints and Problems Faced by the Farmers in Marketing of Broiler in Shahdara, Delhi NCR
No full textThe present investigation was carried out purposefully chosen from the NCR based on the largest area under broiler chicken consumption during period 2023 conducted at the Broiler farm, Shahdara Delhi NCR to evaluate the constraints and problems faced by the farmers in marketing of Broiler in Shahdara region. The study concluded that marketing of Broiler is more profitable for large farm groups (those with an area of more than 3000m²) to produce broiler chickens. The results indicate that the respondents had a stable economic background, with primary education that allowed them better access to all the resources. To conduct the study chi square and garrett ranking was performed. The most of farmers were selling broiler chicken through channel I (Producer-Wholesaler-Dresser-cum-Retailer-Consumer), when comparing channel II (Producer-Supplier-Wholesaler-Dresser-cum-Retailer-Consumer) to channel III (Producer-Commission Agent-Supplier-Wholesaler-Dresser-cum-Retailer-Consumer). Channel I is the more efficient channel and has more marketing efficiency than Channels II and III