Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
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Growing Sustainably: Navigating Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Horticulture in India
No full textIn India\u27s bustling terrain, peri-urban areas face neglect, unplanned growth, and environmental damage. As urbanisation encroaches on agricultural land, the competition for resources grows. This article delves into the complex tapestry of challenges and opportunities in urban and peri-urban horticulture, offering light on topics such as land-use disputes, food security, and environmental sustainability. The article also explores the durability of conventional growing methods such as home gardening and community gardens, as well as novel alternatives such as soilless cultures and indoor farming systems. Amidst the challenges, there are chances for revitalising urban settings with continuous productive landscapes, developing sustainable food sources, and improving general urban well-being. From the complicated dance of people, places, and food products to managing market dynamics, this research reveals urban horticulture\u27s brilliant promise for crafting a healthier, more sustainable future for India\u27s changing urban fabric
Gender Livelihood Strategies among Farmers’ Household in Kano State, Nigeria
No full textGender-based livelihood continues to be one of the most prevalent issues facing Nigerian households, with implications in virtually every industry. This study accessed the gender-based livelihood strategies of farmers’ households in Kano State, Nigeria. The research was conducted in Kano state, four Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Kano State were selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure, and 215 farmers were randomly selected from 717 households in the LGAs. In addition, 80 households, of which 20 were randomly selected from each LGA, were interviewed about their means of subsistence. A combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques was used to gather information for the study. Both descriptive statistics and the Harvard Analytical Framework were used to analyse the collected data. The results revealed that the average age of farmers in Kano State was 35 years, the majority (89.3%) were married, with an average household size of 9 people, and 55.8% had informal education. The majority of productive activities were carried out by men and boys; both men and women carried out activities that generated income; and more than 70 percent of reproductive activities were carried out by women, as revealed by the household\u27s livelihood strategies. It further revealed that women had limited access to resources and that the majority of resources were under the control of males in the study area. Men dominated access to and control over the resources that were available. It is recommended that women be encouraged to devise legal means for accessing and controlling resources in order to improve their livelihood status
Assessing the Public Perceptions of Media Coverage for Pesticides Use in the Agriculture Sector of India
No full textPresent research employs a survey method to explore the intricate relationship between media exposures and public perceptions of pesticide use in agriculture. A well-structured Google questionnaire was shared for data collection from the participants belonging to the northern district of Haryana, encompassing Panchkula, Ambala, Yamunanagar, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, and Karnal. A total 350 respondents participated in the online survey. The study reveals that the respondents who perceive media coverage as balanced are more likely to express concerns about pesticide use. The study tries to find out the degree of concern, trust, accuracy, and statistical significance. In terms of the perception influenced by media portrayals on pesticide use, a significant association is observed (Chi-square = 41.029, p < 0.0001). The analysis of media sources accuracy reveals a statistically significant association (Chi-square = 58.156, p < 0.0001). Respondents who perceived media sources as "Very accurate" reported higher levels of concern about pesticide use in agricultural practices, emphasizing the impact of perceived media accuracy on public concerns about pesticide use. The study found a strong link between media influence and the level of concern regarding pesticide use
Price Dynamics of Tomato, Onion and Potato (TOP) in India
No full textThe development of society depends on several core elements, including food, livelihood, nutritional security, and healthcare. To gain insight into the dynamics and volatility of prices of top crops, a study was conducted analysing wholesale monthly price data for selected states and all of India from January 2005 to December 2021. Various methodologies such as the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), seasonality index, Cuddy Della Valle Index, rescaled range analysis, and ARCH-GARCH model were utilized to achieve the research objectives. According to the study, West Bengal had major crop price fluctuations with tomatoes being costly from July to November, onions from August to January, and potatoes from July to December. Karnataka, Rajasthan, and Punjab experienced the highest monthly price instability for tomatoes, onions, and potatoes. Additionally, the prices of TOP crops were more unpredictable than cereals and pulses. The price series of potatoes had long-term memory detection, and onions had the highest price volatility among TOP crops. According to the study, in order to tackle the price variability of TOP crops, it is necessary to enhance price stabilization measures. By implementing integrated policies, a stable pricing system can be established for top crops, which will not only safeguard the interests of consumers but also ensure food and economic security for farmers
Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies of Rice Cultivators in Odisha, India
No full textIn the present era, climate change is the biggest challenge for the world. The vulnerability of climate change to India’s agriculture sector is quite evident. Due to its geographical existence, climate change is creating a vulnerable situation in the eastern part of India. Odisha\u27s economy is one of the most affected in this regard. The agriculture sector, being the common practice of livelihood, is always sensitive to climate change. The unpredictable rainfall patterns, floods, droughts, and frequent cyclones have caused severe damage to crops and livestock, leading to a lack of employment and a vulnerable situation for farmer households. Therefore, this study employed the LVI approach to evaluate farmers\u27 climate change vulnerability and used the probit model to identify the factors influencing farmers\u27 adaptation options. To accomplish the stated objective, both primary and secondary data have been used. Primary data have been collected from four blocks (Athagarh, Cuttack Sadar, Barang, and Banki) of Cuttack districts, Odisha, where most of the farmers are marginal farmers. The LVI combined nine major components and 33 subcomponents under it, which establishes a specific functional relationship with vulnerability. The vulnerability assessment indicates that Cuttack district is moderately vulnerable to climate change, with a 0.41 vulnerability score. Social network and livelihood strategies are the major scoring indices in this regard, with 0.90 and 0.65 LVI values, respectively. The probit model found that farming experience and non-farm income are detrimental factors for adopting any strategies to combat climate change. The policy options are precautionary measures that are required to withstand the negative effects of climate change. Therefore, effective government steps required in creating an awareness program, extending training facilities to the farmers, and proper provisioning of irrigation and credit facilities are highly essential for increasing crop productivity and reducing the vulnerability of the farmer household
Satisfaction Level of the Farmers Regarding Kisan Call Centre (KCC) Advisories
No full textThe Kisan Call Centre (KCC), initiated on January 21st, 2004, by the Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, serves as a crucial support system for farming communities across India. This study, conducted in 2021-22 in Chamarajanagar District of Karnataka, aimed to assess the Satisfaction Level of 200 KCC beneficiaries regarding its advisory services. Utilizing stratified random sampling, the study employed an ex-post facto research design to gather insights. The data collection involved secondary data from the KCC in Bengaluru and primary data through structured interviews with beneficiaries. Results revealed that 76.00% of beneficiaries expressed high satisfaction with the technical knowledge of KCC experts, with 74.50% satisfied with expert availability, and 73.50% with expert guidance in advisory services. Additionally,70.50% were highly satisfied with patience of expert in listening to the complete query of the farmers through helpline services. Regarding technological information provided by the KCC 53.00% expressed high satisfaction with the technological information provided by the KCC, and 52.50% acknowledged the assistance of advisory services in crop preservation and yield improvement. However, including all the aspect like technical information, helpline services and advisory services provided by the KCC. Notably, a significant 44.00% of both dryland and irrigated land farmers expressed high satisfaction with the overall services of the KCC. This research highlights the importance of ICT-driven initiatives like the KCC in empowering farmers and improving agricultural productivity and sustainability
The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education and Curriculum on Student Entrepreneurial Intention moderated by Student Entrepreneurial Mindset
No full textAims: This study aims to analyze the impact of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship curriculum on entrepreneurial intention among students, moderated by entrepreneurial mindset in Vocational High Schools.
Study Design: This research employs a quantitative research design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among students of the Center of Excellence Vocational High School in Banyuwangi, with a population of 7249 students (N). The sample size was determined using a Sample Size Calculator, resulting in a sample of 365 participants.
Methodology: The research instrument utilized in this study was a questionnaire employing a Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique implemented through SmartPLS version 3.
Results: Entrepreneurship education provides practical knowledge and shapes students\u27 entrepreneurial mindsets, whereas the Entrepreneurship Curriculum offers theoretical foundations and stimulates entrepreneurial enthusiasm. Although the Entrepreneurial Mindset does not moderate the impact of Entrepreneurship Education, it moderates the effect of the Entrepreneurship Curriculum, highlighting the need to align the Curriculum with the development of an entrepreneurial mindset. These findings serve as a basis for improving entrepreneurial education strategies at the vocational high school level.
Conclusion: This study concludes that Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurship Curriculum, and Entrepreneurial Mindset positively contribute to Entrepreneurial Intention among outstanding Vocational High School students in Banyuwangi. These findings illustrate the moderating role of the Entrepreneurial Mindset in mitigating the negative impact of the Curriculum on students\u27 entrepreneurial intention
Demographic Characteristics of Members of Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) in Effectiveness of Group Dynamics and their Perceived Constraints in Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, India
No full textThe present study to investigate demographic profile of FPOs members in the effectiveness of group dynamics and their perceived constraints was conducted in Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone (LBVZ) of Assam comprising six districts viz., Kamrup, Bongaigaon, Nalbari, Chirang, Barpeta and Goalpara. In doing so, it utilized the descriptive research design following an ex-post-facto approach to fulfil the objectives of the study. A total of eight FPOs promoted by Assam Agricultural University through CBBO-AAU and World Bank supported APART project were selected purposively. From each FPO, 15 active members were approached for data collection through personal interview method during 2022, which made 120 as final size of sample. The analysis of profile characteristics of the respondents revealed that majority of the respondents (FPOs members) in study areas were middle aged (66.67%) between 29 to 50 years with education level from high school to graduate/ above (80.83%), 64.17 percent were from small family size upto 4 members, 90.83 percent of the respondents had medium level of annual income (i.e. Rs 33190-379866.6), 46.67 percent had medium level of socio- political participation and 38.33 percent low and 35.83 percent high levels of material possession. The study also found that lack of co-ordination for different group activities, ineffective linkage and ineffective monitoring, lack of professional management, non-availability of timely credit and inadequate access to credit, weak financial position, absence of adequate market linkage, lack of storage facilities, distance from existing markets, lack of market information, lack of marketing knowledge and skills and difficulty in getting skilled labour were the perceived problems faced by FPO members in effective functioning of FPOs.
Extension & Technological Needs of South Goa District Vegetable Growers to Accomplish Socio Economic Development
No full textThe objective of the present study was to elaborate a matrix for assessing the socio economic development for vegetable cultivators. To measure this prospect, a questionnaire was constructed up and used as provision for face-to-face interviews piloted at the level of the South Goa district. Along with sustainability approach, acquaintance objectives of present study were to determine the extension & technological needs of vegetable growers in South Goa. The findings showed relations between different components of the dimensions deliberated, revealing their synergy in farm activity, later with the manifestation of certain variances in the levels of socio economic dimensions and sub-dimensions, which vary as a function of the precise types of vegetable production (conventional, ecologic, natural, mixed). Knowledge desires to be conveyed by vegetable growers have frequently been implicit as extension needs. Nevertheless, the obligation of extension services was more than just providing information about agricultural inputs and its supply chain. It was evident from the study that the foremost restraints like dearth of technical knowledge on IPM and INM, deficiency of innovativeness, absence of entrepreneurial ability, deprived marketing and storage services, less opportunity for post-harvest technologies, lack of operative supervision and monitoring by extension personnel were confronted by the vegetable growers of south Goa
Study the Input Use Pattern and Cost and Returns of Hybrid Cotton Seed Production in Karnataka, India
No full textThe cotton industry is a cornerstone of the global agricultural sector, contributing significantly to economies, employment, and trade. The improved situation regarding hybrid seeds made this investigation to undertake the present study on “Input use pattern and cost and return of hybrid cotton seed production”, with major objectives as to study the cost and returns in hybrid cotton seed production and to study the labour use pattern in hybrid cotton seed production in the study area and to suggest appropriate remedial measures. For this study multistage sampling method as well as snow ball technique was adopted to select districts based on highest area and 60 hybrid cotton seed growers. The per acre total labour utilised for the production of hybrid cotton seed was 2075.73 labour days. The per acre total cost incurred for hybrid cotton seed (cost C) stood at ₹ 1,78,204. Cost of production per quintal over the total cost (cost C) was ₹ 20,965 per quintal. Returns per rupee of expenditure results revealed that HCSG obtained ₹ 1.77 returns per rupee of expenditure. Overall, these findings underscore the potential benefits of hybrid seed production in terms of both net returns, overall type of costs and rate of return per rupee of expenditure, despite the higher initial cost