NIE Data Repository (National Institute of Education)
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Related Data for: Early number acquisition in bilingual children
No full textChildren learn the first few number words one at a time, before learning the meaning of counting. Past research, however, has focused on monolingual children, with only a handful of studies on bi/multilingual children. The current study investigated whether knowledge of number words in one language predicted knowledge of those same number words in another language. We studied Mandarin-, Malay-, and Tamil-English bilingual children (N = 131, ages 2–5) growing up in Singapore, a multilingual and multicultural society, and found that their number knowledge was strongly correlated between languages. Contrary to previous studies in the U.S., we also found some evidence that meanings for small number words are transferred across languages. Our findings point to a possibility that early number words can be learned as translation equivalents (e.g., “one” in English is “yi” in Mandarin Chinese) in bilingual children and highlight the importance of taking an inclusive, global approach to studying numerical development that goes beyond studying White monolingual children
Related Data for: Influence of expertise level on techniques of applying top and back spins in cue sports
No full textThis study compared the kinematics of upper body and cue stick among players of various skill levels when performing back spin and top spin shots. Twenty-eight male cue sports players were assigned to the novice (n = 10), intermediate (n = 9), or skilled groups (n = 9). The back spin and top spin tests were administrated while kinematic data were recorded using a 3D motion capture system. The results revealed greater upper limb joint ranges of motions (all p 0.05). For the head movement, the novice group exhibited greater anteroposterior displacement than the skilled group (p = 0.020). In conclusion, except for the head movement, the upper body and cue stick kinematics did not significantly differ among players with varied skill levels. Greater joint ranges of motions and angular velocities were required to generate a faster cue tip speed for the back spin shots when compared with the top spin shots
Related Data for: Vertebrate scavengers control abundance of diarrheal-causing bacteria in tropical plantations
No full textScavenging is a common phenomenon, particularly amongst carnivorous vertebrates. By consuming carrion, vertebrate scavengers reduce resource availability for both pathogenic bacteria and their insect vectors. We investigated the ability of wild vertebrate scavengers to control agents of human diarrheal diseases (specifically Salmonella spp. and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli [STEC]) at oil palm plantations in Sabah (East Malaysia), and the existence of spillover effect whereby additional vertebrate scavengers from adjacent forest patches resulted in greater disease control at plantation sections near these forest edges. Experimental carcasses were removed by common scavengers (Varanus salvator, Canis lupus familiaris, and Viverra tangalunga) at different time points, and this determined the length of time that carcass persisted in the environment. The amount of pathogenic bacteria on the surfaces of filth flies collected above the experimental carcasses was positively correlated to the duration of carcass persistence, and reduction in pathogenic bacterial abundances was largely due to carcass consumption by these vertebrate scavengers. Instead of a predicted positive spillover effect (greater scavenger activity near forest edges, hence reduced pathogen abundance), we detected a weak inverse spillover effect where STEC counts were marginally higher at plantation sections near to forest patches, and we suspect that human hunting along the forest-plantation boundaries could be a potential reason. We propose that making oil palm plantations scavenger-friendly could yield significant human health benefits for the millions of workers employed in this rapidly-expanding industry, without drastic changes in current management practices
Related Data for: Within-day and between-day reliability of a fbg-based smart sock system for measuring active toe flexion displacement of the hallux
No full textThis study examined the test-retest reliability of hallux flexion displacement measured using a smart sock system with embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. Thirty female participants consisting of 15 hallux valgus (HV) patients and 15 control participants were recruited. Maximum active hallux flexion displacement was measured twice on each participant in the first visit; the same procedures were repeated 7 days later. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC2,1) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were applied to test within-day and between-day reliability. Paired-samples T-test was performed to compare the displacements between trials. Results showed almost perfect within-day reliability for both HV and control groups (ICC=0.984 and 0.977, respectively) with small SEM (both 0.5cm). However, fair to moderate between-day reliability was found (0.323 and 0.438, respectively). Significant differences were found between repeated measurements taken on the same day (mean difference=0.3cm, p=0.023) and on different days (mean difference=1.6cm, p=0.027), though the effect size was small. The poorer between-day reliability is likely due to the inconsistency in fitting the sock onto the foot. Future optimization of the prototype design is called for to improve the fitting consistency of wearable sensors onto patients
Related Data for: Four minutes of sprint interval training had no acute effect on improving alertness, mood, and memory of female primary school children and secondary school adolescents: A randomized controlled trial
No full textWe investigated whether a 4-min sprint interval training (SIT) protocol had an acute effect (15 min after) on improving alertness, mood, and memory recall in female students. Sixty-three children and 131 adolescents were randomly assigned to either a SIT or control (CON) group by the class Physical Education (PE) teachers. The SIT intervention was delivered twice a week for 3 weeks. SIT participants performed three, 20-s ‘all-out’ effort sprints interspersed with 60-s intervals of walking while CON group sat down and rested. PE lessons were arranged such that the first two sessions were to familiarise participants with the SIT protocol leading to acute assessments conducted on the third session. On that occasion, both groups rated their alertness and mood on a single-item hedonic scale and underwent an adapted memory recall test. The same assessments were administered to both groups fifteen minutes after delivery of SIT intervention. A 4-min SIT involving three, 20 s ‘all-out’ effort intensity sprints did not have an acute main effect on improving alertness, mood and, memory recall in female children (ηp2 = 0.009) and adolescents (ηp2 = 0.012). Students’ exercise adherence and feedback from PE teachers are indicatives of the potential scalability of incorporating SIT into PE programmes. Different work-to-rest ratios could be used in future studies
Related Data for: An exploratory study of the use of ultrasound in the measurement of anterior tibial translation under gastrocnemius muscle stimulation
No full textGastrocnemius’ role as an agonist or antagonist of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not well understood. This study explored the use of ultrasound imaging to investigate how gastrocnemius stimulation levels influenced anterior tibial translation. The gastrocnemii of 10 participants were stimulated to four different levels using electrical muscle stimulation. The quadriceps were co-activated at a fixed level. Anterior tibial translation was determined using ultrasound imaging. Intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC (2,1)] was used to assess the intra-rater reliability over two sessions. Intra-rater reliability was good at rest and under most muscle stimulation levels (ICC = 0.84 to 0.92), and moderate with the lowest (ICC = 0.71) and highest stimulation (ICC = 0.61). While anterior tibial translation was not significantly different across simulation levels, ultrasound imaging recorded the anterior movement of the tibia as the gastrocnemius was activated, thus supporting gastrocnemius’ role as an antagonist of the ACL
Related Data for: Screening for executive function difficulties: An evaluation of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2nd Edition Screener, Teacher Report (BRIEF2-TS)
No full textRelated data for Screening for Executive Function Difficulties: An Evaluation of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2nd Edition Screener, Teacher Report (BRIEF2-TS
Related Data for: Passing a proof message: Student-teacher communication through a commognitive lens
No full textThis study employs Sfard’s (2008) socio-cultural theory of Commognition to analyse student teachers’ thinking and communicating practices. Specifically, we investigate the effectiveness of the student teachers’ communication of a particular mathematical proof with reference of the four features of the commognitive framework, i.e., word use, visual mediators, narrative and routines. In this paper, we can report on the routine of the discourse to analyse the quality of mathematical discourse in two situations of “Expert-to-Novice” and “Novice-to-Novice”
Related Data for: Mathematics resilience in preschool and executive functions
No full textBackground
Children from disadvantaged socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds already show poorer academic skills than their more advantaged peers in preschool and are at higher risk of experiencing learning difficulties in formal school. However, not all children facing adversity experience negative academic outcomes. Some children show academic resilience, performing at the level of their more advantaged peers.
Aims
This study investigated whether mathematics resilience is observed in preschool children, whether executive functions are associated with mathematics resilience, and whether earlier resilience status relates to later mathematics achievement (six years later).
Sample
The sample included 1132 children (Mage = 57 months, SD = 3.9; 51 % female) attending preschool in Singapore.
Methods
Resilient children (at-risk with math development over two preschool years that breaks the average trend of their similar-risk peers) were identified using person-centered methods. Their trajectories were matched against those of children from more advantaged backgrounds using multigroup mixture growth model.
Results
One resilient profile was identified (6 % of the at-risk sample), which was associated with later mathematics achievement. Intelligence, but not executive function, predicted resilience status. Maternal education emerged as a protective factor rather than a risk factor.
Conclusions
Findings highlight the heterogeneity in the development of mathematics among at-risk children. Young children's mathematics resilience is built upon a combination of foundational cognitive aptitude that protects against initial failure, and environmental resources that sustain growth over time
Related Data for: Does time fly when you engage more? Effort intensity moderates the relationship between affect and time perception
No full textThe present study examined the hypothesis that effort intensity moderates the relationship between affect and time perception by employing more academic-related tasks and conditions. Two experiments were conducted to address the question. In Experiment 1, 139 adults (68 women; Mage = 23.7, SD = 3.2) were randomly assigned to one of six conditions (2 [time estimation paradigm] × 3 [task nature]) and worked on a computerized task for 6 minutes. In Experiment 2, 73 participants (35 women; Mage = 26.1, SD = 4.3) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (2 ([time estimation paradigm] × 2 [task nature]) and completed both tasks for 6 minutes. Multiple moderator models were used to analyze multiple factors simultaneously in the data analysis for each experiment. Across two experiments, multiple moderator models revealed that a) enjoyment of the task was essential to perceive time passing faster regardless of different tasks and the effort level and b) the relationship between task enjoyment and the perceived speed of time was moderated by perceived effort. The findings of the study indicate that task nature and the effort level should be considered simultaneously to understand the relationship between task enjoyment and time perception in the ecologically valid situation