IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences (IJOHS)
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Evaluation of anatomic variations in the posterior superior alveolar artery – A Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) study
Full text linkAnatomical variation of the course of posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) within maxillary bone are vital information for surgeons before any maxillary surgery. This study was designed to evaluate the variations of PSAA by determining the prevalence of intraosseous PSAA and assessing the anatomical reference points and diameter of the PSAA. Comparison between dentate and edentulous alveolus was also done. One hundred CBCT images were included in this study to enumerate the prevalence of intraosseous PSAA in maxilla. Anatomical reference points which include the horizontal position of the PSAA and the vertical distance from the PSAA to the maxillary sinus floor and alveolar crest were identified. The diameter and horizontal position of PSAA were also analysed. The results were tested using independent t-test and chi square test. The PSAA was seen in 73.5% of the cases and 70.1% were located intraosseously. There was no significant difference in the vertical distance between PSAA and alveolar crest, as well as between maxillary sinus floor and alveolar crest for dentate and edentulous patients. Meanwhile, there was a significantly greater vertical distance between the PSAA and the maxillary sinus floor in edentulous (9.24 ± 4.75 mm) than in dentate patients (6.78 ± 3.43 mm) with p-value of 0.002. Mean diameter of the canal was 1.09 ± 0.43 mm. In conclusion, this study provides useful information regarding the most prevalent location and diameter of the PSAA which indicates the importance of preoperative evaluation through CBCT to reduce the risk of intraoperative bleeding that may complicate the treatment.
Utilisation trends and oral health-related quality of life among patients attending Visiting Dental Services in Selangor
Full text linkThis study aimed to assess utilisation trends and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among patients attending Visiting Dental Service (VDS) in Selangor, Malaysia. This two-phased study involved a secondary analysis of data from the Selangor VDS's (seventeen VDSs) patient database (2017 to 2019) and a cross-sectional survey among patients from twelve VDSs. A self-administered questionnaire that consisted of a validated Short Oral Health Impact Profile (S-OHIP) scale was used. The S-OHIP score for each participant was calculated using Additive Scores (ADD) that range from being the "least affected" with a score of 0 to the "most affected" with a score of 56. Statistical analysis was done using a t-test and one-way ANOVA, with the statistical significance set at p=0.05. This study found that the adult group and Malay ethnicity recorded the highest attendance from 2017 to 2019. Extraction of permanent teeth was the most frequently provided treatment from 2017 to 2019 (70.2%, 67.6%, 61.2%). A total of 124 respondents from twelve VDSs completed the survey. The mean age was 32.72 ± 9.75 years old. The respondents' mean total score of S-OHIP was 9.69 ± 7.64 and significantly differed by gender (p=0.007). The S-OHIP dimension that mainly affected the respondents was psychological discomfort due to 'food stuck' (18.5%). VDS utilisation trends in Selangor increased from 2017 to 2019, with dental extraction being the treatment in demand. The OHRQoL of patients attending the VDSs was encouraging despite the less-than-ideal condition, highlighting the urgent need for a more permanent solution to VDS
Single nucleotide polymorphism of leptin and leptin receptor genes in oral cancer - A systematic review
Full text linkOral cancer is one of the serious health problems diagnosed worldwide including Malaysia. While much research has been done on the gene polymorphism of leptin and leptin receptor genes in other cancers, few researchers have considered oral cancer. Hence, this study aims to provide an insight into the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism of leptin and leptin receptor genes with oral cancer, as well as its contribution in increasing the risk for oral cancer development. Literature searches were conducted in six databases including Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Dimensions; focusing on articles published between 2000 to 2020. All relevant articles were screened accordingly using search terms “leptin”, “leptin receptor”, “single nucleotide polymorphism” and “oral cancer”. A total of 2699 articles were retrieved. After following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only four articles were included in this systematic review highlighting the three commonly studied polymorphic variant of leptin and leptin receptor which are LEP -2548 G/A, LEPR Gln223Arg, and LEPR K109R. Single nucleotide polymorphism of leptin and leptin receptor genes specifically LEPR Gln223Arg and LEP -2548 G/A may increase the risk of development of oral cancer. There were limited sources available to support the findings. Further research and investigations are needed to explore the mechanism of leptin and leptin receptor genes in the development of oral cancer
Five parapremolars in a non-syndromic patient: A case report
Full text linkSupernumerary teeth or hyperdontia are additional or an excessive number of teeth present in normal deciduous or permanent dentition. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth is between 0.1 and 3.8% in permanent dentition and between 0.3 and 0.8% in deciduous dentition. In Sabah, the prevalence of supernumerary teeth is 10.32% among orthodontic patients. The condition is more common in male patients. A case report involved a fit and healthy 19-year-old male student who presented with multiple supernumeraries. Upon clinical examination, there were three erupted supernumeraries on the bilateral mandibular premolar region, and additional two impacted supernumeraries being discovered after further radiographic investigation. This anomaly was found during an annual dental school checkup program. The patient had congenital absence of the lower left third molar. Primary dental care was carried out such as filling for carious teeth, scaling, oral hygiene reinforcement and regular monitoring. The patient declined any other dental treatment options such as extraction of the non-functioning supernumerary parapremolar teeth, or orthodontic treatment to improve his malocclusion. Currently, the patient is under oral hygiene maintenance with regular dental follow-ups. In a nutshell, the importance of regular dental follow-ups and review is crucial to monitor any signs and symptoms of pathology such as cystic formation of unerupted supernumeraries. Reinforcement of oral hygiene and caries risk assessment should be carried out during reviews to improve and maintain the patient’s quality of life
The effect of disinfection protocols on dimensional accuracy of irreversible hydrocolloids and Candida albicans colonisation
Full text linkIrreversible hydrocolloid is a widely used impression material in dental practices. However, improper disinfectant protocols may affect the dimensional accuracy of the cast and increase susceptibility towards cross-infection. This study investigated the effect of disinfectants and disinfection protocols on the dimensional accuracy of alginate impression and Candida albicans biofilm formation. For methodology, an alginate impression was developed using an acrylic maxillary edentulous master cast with 3 reference points. 60 3cm round alginate beads were synthesised and treated with 2% Aseptoprint, 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or 3% MD 520 solutions for 2 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h. For the antibiofilm assay, beads were inoculated with C. albicans (ATCC MYA 4901) for 24 h, and Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) were counted using a haemocytometer, then analysed via two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Dimensional accuracy was assessed by treating the developed alginate impressions in 2% Aseptoprint, 1% NaOCl, and 3% MD 520, respectively, for 2 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h. Three linear measurements were obtained and compared against the master cast and analysed statistically using Friedman Tests. The results showed that a significant reduction of CFUs was recorded after disinfection with 3% MD 520 and 2% Aseptoprint (P < 0.05). Dimension of alginate impressions was significantly changed after 6 and 24 h of disinfection time. In conclusion, the use of 3% MD 520 and 2% Aseptoprint with 1 hour immersion time is recommended for effective alginate impression disinfection with minimal change in dimensional accuracy
Comparative evaluation of remineralization efficacy of ELSENZ and SHY-XT toothpastes on initial enamel lesions: A scanning electron microscopic study
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The present study was done to evaluate the remineralization potential of two different commercially available toothpaste, namely, ELSENZ and SHY-XT on initial enamel white spot lesion using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the remineralization efficacy of ELSENZ and SHY-XT toothpaste on initial enamel white spot lesion. This study included a total 12 samples of extracted human permanent anterior teeth that were collected from the Oral and Maxillofacial Department in College of Dental Science Amargadh, Bhavnagar, Gujarat. All samples were equally divided in three groups. In group 1, remineralization was done by ELSENZ (fluoro-calcium phosphosilicate) toothpaste, and in group 2, remineralization was done by SHY-XT (nano–hydroxyapatite and fluoride) toothpaste and group 3 was taken as control group in which deionized water was used. At the end of 12 days, pH cycling procedure, remineralization for all the samples were analysed by the scanning electron microscope. Statistical analysis was done by One Way Analysis of Variance to check the difference between the groups and Post hoc analysis was done by Tukey’s test. The result showed that the maximum remineralization occurred in ELSENZ toothpaste group (P<0.00) followed by SHY-XT toothpaste group (P<0.50) and deionized water showed least remineralization potential (P<2.00). From the result of the study, we concluded that ELSENZ toothpaste has more remineralization potential on initial enamel white spot lesion as compared to SHY-XT toothpaste
Oral health care in children with disabilities: A narrative review
Full text linkChildren with disabilities face discrepancies in receiving oral health services due to several barriers. This article aims to provide an overview on the oral health status of children with disabilities, impact on Quality of Life of children with disabilities and their family members, approaches in oral health education and/or services, roles of medical/oral health care providers, carers/parents, and special schools/centres, and future aspiration concerning these children. Articles were searched using online databases (Google Scholar, MEDLINE/PubMed) using various terms. Additional articles were searched manually from the reference list of the previously searched articles. Children with disabilities showed a higher prevalence of caries and periodontal disease and had irregular dental visits owing to the limitations encountered by the carers/parents. The psychological and physical health of carers/parents, and the well-being of children with disabilities are interrelated, suggesting the need for a comprehensive support system to address the specific needs of these groups. Oral hygiene care services for these children could be improved using oral health education tools, strengthening dental outreach programs, and/or adopting behaviour modification techniques. Oral health in children with disabilities is a global concern, therefore a holistic approach addressing this problem from the individual to international level, including interprofessional collaboration is imperative
Different extra-coronal restoration options of hemisected teeth on structurally compromised mandibular molar: Report of two cases
Full text linkStructurally compromised teeth tend to be extracted due to its their poor prognosis, however, hemisection may serve as an alternative option in selected cases. This case report is aimed to discuss two cases of hemisected mandibular molars with two different approaches for post-hemisection restoration. Case 1 presents with terminal tooth 37 diagnosed with a cracked tooth involving severe bone loss on the mesial root. The tooth was hemisected and restored with a mesially cantilevered full ceramic crown. Case 2 presents with root caries on an endodontically treated tooth 46 on a patient with bruxism, with an inadequate ferrule on the distal segment. The tooth was hemisected utilizing the socket preservation technique, and the tooth was restored with a conventional fixed-fixed bridge with a second abutment on tooth 47
