IIUM Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences (IJOHS)
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Oral health knowledge and behaviour among patient in supportive periodontal care in Sarawak
Get PDFAfter completing the active phase of periodontal therapy, supportive periodontal care is required to maintain periodontal health. Patient knowledge and awareness are key to periodontal therapy's success, and the study aims to provide baseline data among supportive periodontal care patients in Sarawak. Questionnaires were distributed among patients at two periodontal clinics. Out of 80 responses, 31.3% of respondents believed they had a good-excellent level of periodontal health. 41.3% felt satisfied with their current periodontal condition. 81.3% understood what dental plaque was, 92.5% knew its role in the aetiology of gingival disease, and 93.8% knew it can be controlled with good oral hygiene care. 91.3% of them were aware that; gingival bleeding indicated the presence of periodontal disease, the disease can cause mobile teeth if untreated, and it can be prevented by having regular maintenance. Only 45% were aware that the disease is not 'curable.' Concerning behaviour, 98.8% brushed teeth at least twice daily and used dental floss (43.7%), interdental brush (65%), and mouthwash (52.5%). In the case of gingival bleeding, 70% will continue brushing their teeth, and 36.3% will only use a mouth rinse. 37.5% will attend the appointment if pain arises, and 38.8% believed that a general dentist can sufficiently provide supportive periodontal care. In conclusion, there was inadequate knowledge of periodontitis's curative nature and a lack of understanding of the importance of specialist care's regular follow-up. It is important to reinforce oral health education at SPC
Soft tissue lesion of the ear canal – Now you see it, now you don’t
Get PDFSpontaneous herniation of the temporomandibular joint along a bony defect in the external auditory canal is an uncommon condition that may lead to otologic symptoms. A 43-year-old gentleman presented with otalgia and an external auditory canal soft tissue lesion, which flattens upon opening of the jaw. Computed tomography scan of the temporal region confirmed the presence of a soft tissue lesion that herniated through an external auditory canal wall defect. This condition should be included in the differential diagnoses of an external auditory canal mass, despite infrequently encountered. It is important to inspect the external auditory canal during movement of the jaw when a soft tissue lesion is noted, so as not to miss this diagnosis
Anterior teeth rehabilitation with direct resin composite veneer using multiple layering technique: A case report
Get PDFCosmetic veneer has become a popular option for patients seeking to improve aesthetic in their smile. The procedure can be done through a direct or indirect technique which differs in term of material used and laboratory involvement. Despite producing a better aesthetic result than its direct technique counterpart, high-cost treatment, multiple visit requirement and invasive nature of tooth preparation are proven to be a stumbling block to the patient in some cases to choose indirect technique. Therefore, direct composite veneer technique can be offered due to its low costing and conservative concept which advocates more tooth structure preservation. This case report is about direct composite veneer for anterior teeth rehabilitation and its simple and conservative protocol
Comparison between parents’ and patients’ satisfaction level towards cleft management using Cleft Evaluation Profile
Get PDFCleft lip and palate (CLP) are common birth defects that occur in approximately 1 out of every 611 newborn in Malaysia. Cleft Evaluation Profile (CEP) is a well-established method used to evaluate the patient’s level of satisfaction with the CLP treatment that they received. This study aimed to compare the level of satisfaction of cleft patients and their parents towards cleft management in Kelantan, Malaysia. The results showed that the mean scores of CEP for the parents were between 2.04 and 3.00, whilst the patient’s mean score ranged from 2.01 to 3.04. In general, nose is the most dissatisfied feature for both patients and parents with the mean score of 3.04 for patients and 3.00 for parents. Teeth was the second highest (2.97) mean scores rated by parents but it was the third highest (2.84) mean score from the patients. Lip feature scored the third highest mean score for parents, and it was the second-highest mean score for patients. Hearing was the lowest mean score for both parents and patients. Both parties were aware of the features of their facial and nose appearance. From the weighted Kappa statistic, both the parent and patient pairs demonstrated good to very good agreement for their satisfaction towards the clinical outcome. In conclusion, features related to facial appearance (nose, teeth, lip and facial profiles) require more attention and improvement during the treatment process
The effect of locally delivered Tualang honey on healing of periodontal tissues during non-surgical periodontal therapy
Get PDFHoney is a sweet, viscous natural substance made from flower nectar by bees. Honey has been used not only as a nutritional source but also for wound healing and to reduce tissue inflammation. Nevertheless, the use of honey in the treatment of periodontitis is not well established. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of locally delivered Tualang honey on periodontal tissue healing by a randomized controlled split-mouth clinical trial involving 20 chronic periodontitis patients with a periodontal pocket depth of ? 5 mm. Each site was randomly treated either by scaling and root debridement alone (Control Group) or scaling and root debridement with locally delivered Tualang honey (Test Group). Assessment of probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) was recorded at baseline and after 6 weeks interval. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from treated pockets at baseline and along with periodontal reassessment to evaluate the level of Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG). Data were analysed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Paired Sample t-Test. PPD and CAL were significantly improved after the 6 weeks review (P=0.001) in both groups. However, there was no significant difference in the changes of the PPD, CAL, MMP-8 and OPG levels after the 6 weeks review and in between the groups. In conclusion, within the limitations of this study, the effect of locally delivered Tualang honey on periodontal tissue healing is not evident. Nevertheless, all pockets achieved good periodontal healing.
Full mouth rehabilitation for severely worn dentition using fixed prostheses and tooth-supported partial overdenture: a case report.
Get PDFRehabilitation of severely worn dentition represents a significant clinical challenge, especially when the restorative space is not sufficient. Creating restorations that fulfil the aesthetic, occlusal and functional parameters are essential to long-term success. This case report describes a 48-year-old male, who had severely worn dentition, which resulted in collapsed vertical dimension. The initial treatment involved careful planning, stabilization of existing dental diseases and construction of provisional prostheses at increased vertical dimension. Once the compatibility of the new vertical dimension had been confirmed, permanent reconstruction was performed. As with all full mouth prosthetic rehabilitation cases, equal-intensity centric occlusal contacts on all teeth and an anterior guidance in harmony with functional jaw movements were critically taken into account in each treatment phases
Potential antibacterial effects of flaxseed and Nigella sativa extracts on Streptococcus pyogenes
Get PDFAntibiotic resistance is a major global problem, associated with inadvertent drug usage. Herbal interventions are a therapeutic strategy that warrants greater research attention. Flaxseed and Nigella sativa are well recognized original super foods that have demonstrated potent anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities. In the oral cavity, the bacterial population is a result of the dynamic relationship between pathogens and commensals Streptococcus pyogenes is an important global human Gram-positive pathogen that causes a wide variety of acute infections, it is highly virulent since it has the ability overcome the host defence system. This in vitro study aims to evaluate antimicrobial activity of flaxseed and Nigella sativa extract against S. pyogenes. Ethanolic extract of flaxseed and Nigella sativa extracts were prepared and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. pyogenes was estimated. The results of this study show that both extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against S. pyogenes. Present study demonstrated the bactericidal activity of both extracts which can be an adjunct to the future natural anti-bacterial therapy
Analysis of the anti-cancer effect of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate extracted cekur (Kaempferia galanga) on cancer cell lines with wild- type and null p53
Get PDFThis study aimed to examine the in-vitro anti-cancer potential of ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (EPMC), the major constituent of Kaempferia galanga (K. galanga) in selected human lung adenocarcinoma cells line A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53 null). The involvement of p53 pathway in the anti-cancer effect of EPMC on selected cells was determined using MTT assay and Real-time PCR. The MTT results show that EPMC induces cytotoxicity in a dose- dependent manner in A549 cancer cell lines containing the p53 wild-type gene. Meanwhile, our RT-PCR results indicate that the apoptotic activity of EPMC does not involve the p53 pathway. Overall, these results indicate that EPMC compounds of K. galanga stimulates in vitro cytotoxic and apoptotic activity unrelated to the p53 pathwa
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on research
Get PDFSince the imposition of the Movement Control Order (MCO) by the government of Malaysia on 18th March 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic, local universities have been obedient and acted in line with the government's policy. The education sector at this moment was considered as non-essential activities, thus the university only operated at its minimal strength during the MCO. Most local university guidelines stated that staff was not allowed to be on campus except for those in critical services. In line with that, the postgraduate students or staff were eventually not allowed to enter the labs, with the exception only for those taking care of animal husbandry. With these, research activities were put on hold and thus research have been greatly impacted especially for those experimental-based researches that require physical experimentation in laboratory facilities. Similarly, community-based research was also being halted in this condition since no face-to-face data collection can be done during this period of time.
Reflecting on this situation, government funded-grants were given automatic extensions and this has certainly relieved the worries of most researchers. The Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) has also come out with the initiative by inviting proposal submission through the Malaysia Greater Research Network System (MyGRANTS). This short-term grant should revolve around the public’s lives during the MCO period and post-Covid-19, amounting to RM20,000 for each research (NewStraitsTimes, 2020). Some research facilities that work on COVID-19 from this point of time are then allowed to be opened, subject to the universities’ approval.
MOHE in the press statement released on 27th May 2020 announced that the post-graduate students under research mode who require specific laboratory facilities or equipment to conduct research are allowed to resume their research on campus starting 1st June 2020. This decision was expected to affect 31,503 students in higher education institutions who need to carry out research in labs, design studios, or workshops using specialized equipment (Zolkepli, 2020). The research then has resumed back during the Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO), but with stricter regulations and standard operating procedures.
Nevertheless, the Covid-19 pandemic has actually opened up doors for new research prospects, especially those revolving around COVID-19. Research groups on this research theme were immediately formed across the globe, and this has actually shows the concept of universal brotherhood and togetherness. The sharing of knowledge and findings since the pandemic outbreak has then occurred really fast. Databases like ‘Wiley Covid-19 Resources’ (Wiley, 2020), ‘NCBI SARS-CoV-2 Resources’ (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2020), and the ‘NIH Open-Access Data and Computational Resources to Address COVID-19’ (National Institute of Health, 2020) were created as open-sharing platforms specifically for resources pertaining COVID-19. In addition, reputable journal publishers such as Elsevier (2020), Springer (2020), SAGE (2020), and PLOS (2020) have allowed fast track review process for those articles on this theme and this has actually helped the research progress on COVID-19.
The excellent progress of research made by researchers from all over the world has made potential vaccines’ research and development much faster than usual. As of 28 October 2020, there are currently more than 100 COVID-19 vaccine candidates under development, and some are already in the human trial phase (WHO, 2020). In addition, the world has currently developed a significant number of diagnostic techniques employing the nucleic acid amplification tests or NAAT which include the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to diagnose current COVID-19 infection as well as antigen testing (Caliendo & Hanson, 2020). From the expensive price of diagnostic technique with high reliability and accuracy, now the diagnosis can be made at a more affordable price with acceptable standard (BBC, 2020).
Researchers in the field of big data, public health, pure, applied, and medical sciences, as well as the social sciences from our local universities, government institutions, and also private companies, have made some excellent contributions to the research and innovations on COVID-19 (Aman, 2020; Arumugam, 2020). For instance, our Malaysian data scientist has created CoronaTracker, a one-stop platform that offers real-time data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and death across the globe, and at the same time, it provides global and local news updates on the COVID-19 (Arumugam, 2020). In addition, MY E.G. Services Bhd (myEG), the Malaysia’s e-government service provider has developed a COVID-19 risk profiling system using the advanced artificial intelligence technology (Aman, 2020). Involvement of few government agencies including the National Security Council (NSC), the Ministry of Health (MOH), the Malaysian Administrative Modernisation and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU), the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC), and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) have innovated MySejahtera application software for monitoring the spread of COVID-19 ("MySejahtera," 2020). In addition, our local university has also made an excellent innovation by creating Hybrid Rapid Test Kit, acclaimed to have the same accuracy as the laboratory tests (Muzamir, 2020; Nasir, 2020).
Herein, until the world has resolved from this COVID-19 pandemic, there will always be uncertainties of the policies governing the conduct of research and this may greatly influence the trend of future research. We can perhaps speculate that the research on the COVID-19 theme will continue to be spearheaded in the future. We might also see an increase in the number of researches that will not involve physical experimental setup in laboratory facilities. It is also expected that the research that involves survey as the data collection instrument will be changed from the traditional face-to-face medium into the online medium. Regardless of whichever research designs that our local researchers advocate for in the future, hopefully, they can sustain in this challenging period
Odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract - misdiagnosis and follow-up in a seven-year-old boy
Get PDFCutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin are relatively rare, but frequently misdiagnosed. In this case report, we present a seven-year-old patient with a cutaneous lesion in the left submandibular region misdiagnosed by a physician as an abscess secondary to suppurative lymphadenitis, and thus incorrectly treated with surgery and systemic antibiotics. Following a detailed dental examination, the patient was correctly diagnosed with an odontogenic sinus tract from a periapical abscess of tooth 36. Treatment of the immature tooth was initiated with apexification combined with nonsurgical endodontic treatment. The cutaneous and the periapical lesions were all resolved after the treatment and there has been no recurrence during an eight-year follow-up