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Myosteatosis: Epidemiological Insights, Functional Decline, and Diagnostic Advances
No full textPurpose of ReviewMyosteatosis, defined as the pathological accumulation of fat within skeletal muscle, has emerged as a critical yet underrecognized feature of muscle aging and metabolic dysregulation. Despite its growing clinical relevance, the field remains constrained by fragmented definitions, heterogeneous diagnostic criteria, and limited mechanistic understanding, all of which hamper effective detection and intervention. This review synthesizes current evidence to delineate the epidemiological landscape and clinical ramifications of myosteatosis across organ systems, and to highlight emerging myokine-driven endocrine signaling, biomarker candidates, and diagnostic strategies.Recent FindingsPopulation-level studies increasingly implicate myosteatosis in impaired mobility, heightened morbidity, and poor survival in chronic disease contexts. Susceptibility is influenced by age, sex, ethnicity, and genetic background, while pathological integration with sarcopenia, cardiometabolic dysfunction, malignancy, and systemic frailty is becoming evident. Additionally, dysregulated myokine-mediated endocrine signaling and altered muscle-adipose crosstalk are increasingly recognized as adjunct pathological signatures of myosteatosis, with potential relevance to its progression and metabolic complications. Advances in diagnostic strategies, including quantitative imaging modalities and circulating biomarkers, alongside ongoing progress toward laboratory determinants and assay standardization, have begun to refine disease characterization and translational potential, though consensus remains limited.SummaryMyosteatosis is a modifiable disease trait that bridges muscle quality decline with systemic metabolic risk. By outlining unresolved challenges and future research priorities, this review aims to reframe myosteatosis as a targetable axis in precision medicine, with implications for risk stratification, therapeutic development, and improved clinical outcomes.FALSEsciescopu
James-Stein Gradient Combiner for Inverse Monte Carlo Rendering
No full textInferring scene parameters such as BSDFs and volume densities from user-provided target images has been achieved using a gradient-based optimization framework, which iteratively updates the parameters using the gradient of a loss function defined by the differences between rendered and target images. The gradient can be unbiasedly estimated via a physics-based rendering, i.e., differentiable Monte Carlo rendering. However, the estimated gradient can become noisy unless a large number of samples are used for gradient estimation, and relying on this noisy gradient often slows optimization convergence. An alternative is to exploit a biased version of the gradient, e.g., a filtered gradient, to achieve faster optimization convergence. Unfortunately, this can result in less noisy but overly blurred scene parameters compared to those obtained using unbiased gradients. This paper proposes a gradient combiner that blends unbiased and biased gradients in parameter space instead of relying solely on one gradient type (i.e., unbiased or biased). We demonstrate that optimization with our combined gradient enables more accurate inference of scene parameters than using unbiased or biased gradients alone
Exploring optimal in situ fabrication conditions to realize core-shell CsPbBr3 QDs with high PLQYs and structural stability by dual-defect passivation
No full textCore-shell CsPbBr3 QDs (core-shell M-CsPbBr3 QDs) with high structural stability and excellent optical properties were developed through dual-defect passivation, with simultaneous application of in situ thiol ligand passivation and a core-shell structure using SiO2 as a shell. When MPTES was injected immediately before Cs-oleate injection, the formation of by-products (PbS and trigonal-Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals) was suppressed/minimized and effective surface defect passivation was achieved, resulting in defect-less core-shell M-CsPbBr3 QDs. The thiol group of MPTES effectively passivated uncoordinated Pb2+ defects, while the SiO2 shell formed by the hydrolysis reaction of three silyl ethers inhibited the formation of defects (vacancies) by preventing the penetration of moisture. The core-shell M-CsPbBr3 QDs exhibited a PLQY of similar to 82.9 +/- 3.8%, much higher than that of pristine CsPbBr3 QDs (similar to 65.3 +/- 3.8%). Furthermore, they also showed more than 5 times higher structural stability in DI water compared to pristine CsPbBr3 QDs. These results demonstrated that the synergistic effect of surface passivation with the thiol group and the core-shell structure can significantly improve the PLQYs and structural stability of CsPbBr3 QDs.FALSEsciescopu
Utilization of Eco-Friendly Biopolymer to Reduce Environmental Stress in Plants
No full text지구 온난화로 인한 기후 변화는 갈수록 심화되고 식물생태계에도 다양한 영향을 미치게 된다. 그럼에도 불구하고다행히 식물은 어느 정도의 스트레스에 견딜 수 있는 내적 기전을 가지고 있다. 예를 들면 스트레스 관련 유전자나 단백질의발현 변화에 따른 호르몬의 작용 등에 의한 적응 혹은 내성 기전을 발휘하는 것이다. 또한 형태적으로도 환경 변화에 대처하게되는데 예를 들면 잎의 말림, 기공 개폐 등과 같은 것이다. 그러나 근권의 생태적 환경은 이러한 내성적 그리고 형태적 변화로는분명한 한계를 가지고 있어서 외생적으로 추가적인 조치가 반드시 필요하다. 이를 위한 한가지 방법이 바로 생물로부터 유래한친환경적 바이오폴리머를 이용하는 방법이다. 이러한 관점에서 본 review는 먼저 환경에 의한 식물의 스트레스를 분류하고그 중에서 근권에 영향을 주는 토양 환경과 바이오폴리머를 소개하였다. 또한 근권의 불량 환경 조건(가뭄과 중금속 스트레스) 조건과 바이오폴리머를 혼합한 불량 환경 조건에서 실시한 식물의 다양한 생리, 생태적 반응에 대한 연구 사례를 소개하였다. 즉, 토양의 수분 부족이나 중금속 과잉과 같은 스트레스에 처한 식물 보다는 바이오폴리머를 혼합 후 같은 스트레스 조건 하에서자란 식물의 반응 및 생육을 종합적으로 관찰한 결과, 바이오폴리머를 혼합하였을 때가 그렇지 않았을 때보다 식물이 받은피해가 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 이는 바이오폴리머에 의한 토양 개선이 식물 개체나 개체군의 환경 스트레스 극복에 도움을줄 뿐 아니라 실제 제방 식생의 강화에도 역할이 큰 것으로 보인다.TRUEkc
Design of more stable scFv variants using AGGless tags
No full textSingle-chain variable fragment (scFv) is an antibody fragment known for their small size (approximately 25kDa), excellent tumor tissue penetration, and lack of Fc domain-mediated side effects, making them promising therapeutic agents. However, their structural instability and exposed hydrophobic regions often lead to aggregation, limiting their therapeutic potential. To address this, we developed a strategy to prevent protein aggregation using elastin-like polypeptides (ELP), biopolymers characterized by their flexible, disordered structure and tunable properties. The ELP, incorporating charged amino acids at guest residue, was fused to the C-terminus of scFv. This strategy was applied to PDL1Albubody, PDL1scFv derived from atezolizumab with albumin-binding domain and 4D5Albubody.
The AGGless tag fused scFv constructs were expressed in E. coli and purified via affinity chromatography. The PDL1Albu-AGGless(E9) variants also doubled the protein yield, highlighting its potential to enhance production efficiency. The aggregation indices measured at 4°C and 37°C over 7 days demonstrated that the AGGless-tagged constructs, particularly PDL1Albu-AGGless(E9) and 4D5Albu-AGGless(R9), effectively minimized aggregation while antigen-binding efficacy was preserved in PDL1Albu-AGGless(E9). Additionally, thermal stability assays demonstrated comparable melting temperatures between tagged and untagged constructs. These results suggest that AGGless tag variants effectively inhibit scFv aggregation and could be broadly applicable for improving the stability of other therapeutic proteins, including antibody-drug conjugates.MasterAbstract i
Contents ii
List of Figures iii
List of Tables iv
List of Schemes v
I. Introduction 1
1.1. Strategies for Preventing Protein Aggregation 1
1.2. Design of Aggregation-less tags (AGGless tags) 2
II. Materials and Methods 4
2.1. Materials 4
2.2. Construction of pBAD_PDL1-ABD and pBAD_PDL1-ABD-ELP variants plasmids 4
2.3. Expression, Purification and SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis 6
2.4. MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry 7
2.5. Storage Stability 7
2.6. Thermal Stability 8
III. Results and Discussion 9
3.1. PDL1Albubody and PDL1Albu-AGGless variants 9
3.1.1. Protein Design 9
3.1.2. Preparation of AGGless tag-fusion scFv 10
3.1.3. Identification of AGGless tag-fusion scFv 12
3.1.4. Storage Stability Assays 13
3.1.5. Thermal Stability Assays 16
3.2. 4D5Albubody and 4D5Albu-AGGless variants 17
3.2.1. Protein Design 17
3.2.2. Preparation of AGGless tag-fusion scFv 17
3.2.3. Identification of AGGless tag-fusion scFv 19
3.2.4. Storage Stability Assays 20
IV. Conclusions 21
Summary 22
Reference 24
Acknowledgement 2
From RGB image to hyperspectral image: Spectral synthesis via diffusion model
No full text국방 환경에서 적의 감시 및 정찰을 보다 정확하고 효율적으로 수행하기 위해 초분광 이미징(HSI)은 물질 식별 능력을 크게 향상시킬 수 있는 유용한 도구이다. 그러나 국방 환경에 적합한 초분광 이미지 데 이터는 매우 제한적이며, 이는 실질적인 적용에 어려움을 준다. 본 연구에서는 RGB 데이터를 기반으로 초분광 이미지를 생성하기 위해 디퓨전 모델을 활용하여 데이터 부족 문제를 해결하고자 한다. 특정 물질 에 대한 초분광 데이터는 라인스캔 방식의 초분광 카메라를 통해 수집하며, 동일한 각도에서 웹캠을 사용 해 RGB 이미지를 동시에 촬영한다. RGB 이미지는 세그멘테이션 작업을 통해 특정 물질에 대한 정보를 입력하는 데 활용되며, 이를 통해 디퓨전 모델이 해당 물질의 스펙트럼 데이터를 효과적으로 생성할 수 있도록 돕는다. 이 방법은 초분광 이미지 데이터 부족 문제를 해결할 뿐만 아니라, 국방 환경에서 필요한 특정 물질의 초분광 이미지를 원하는 만큼 생성할 수 있는 확장 가능한 솔루션을 제공한다. 이를 통해 국 방 환경에서의 감시 및 정찰 임무에서 초분광 이미지의 활용도를 크게 향상시킬 수 있다.MasterList of contents
Abstract i
List of contents ii
List of tables iv
List of figures v
I. INTRODUCTION 1
1. 1. Research background 1
1. 2. Related work 1
1. 2. 1. 이미지 세그멘테이션 1
1. 2. 2. 생성형 모델 2
1. 2. 2. 1. 변분 오토인코더 2
1. 2. 2. 2. 생성적 적대 신경망 3
1. 2. 2. 3. 디퓨전 모델 3
1. 3. Motivation 3
II. DATASET AND MODEL 4
2. 1. Dataset 4
2. 1. 1. 실험 환경 4
2. 1. 2. 데이터셋 8
2. 1. 3. 데이터 전처리 12
2. 2. Model 13
2. 2. 1. 디퓨전 모델 13
2. 2. 2. 데이터 증강 16
2. 2. 3. 라벨링 16
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 17
3. 1. Result 17
3. 2. Discussion 20
IV. CONCLUSION 21
SUMMARY 2
연료극 지지형 고체산화물 셀의 제조과정에 따른 전기화학적 성능 최적화 및 열화 메커니즘 분석
No full textSolid Oxide Cells (SOCs) are promising high-temperature electrochemical devices that offer high energy conversion efficiency and operate without the need for noble metal catalysts, enabling cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy systems. Hydrogen, as a clean fuel, can be utilized to generate electricity in SOCs. Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) is commonly used as an oxygen ion-conducting electrolyte, and Ni-based cermets are typically employed as fuel electrodes. SOCs utilizing a Ni cermet-supported anode allow for the application of thin electrolytes, thereby significantly reducing ohmic resistance and enhancing power density. However, when ZrO₂-based electrolytes are used, the interdiffusion of La and Sr from the cathode can result in the formation of secondary phases such as LaZrO₃, SrZrO₃, and La₂Zr₂O₇, which degrade ionic conductivity and increase interfacial resistance. To mitigate such reactions, a barrier layer such as Gd₂O₃-doped CeO₂ (GDC) is typically introduced between the electrolyte and cathode, requiring high-temperature co-sintering (1250°C– 1450°C). However, the co-sintering process may also induce undesired reactions between GDC and YSZ, forming secondary phases such as Gd₂Zr₂O₇, which deteriorate electrochemical performance. Additionally, Ni diffusion from the anode into the YSZ electrolyte can lead to phase instability and degradation in conductivity during long- term operation. Despite these challenges, there is limited research addressing processing strategies to suppress interfacial reactions during co-sintering, as well as the impact of Ni diffusion on the ionic conductivity and structural stability of YSZ electrolytes. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of post-sintering treatments at reduced temperatures—enabled through compositional modifications—on the suppression of secondary phase formation and to evaluate the electrochemical performance and degradation mechanisms resulting from Ni diffusion in YSZ-based electrolytes.MasterI. Introduction 1
1. 1. 연구배경 1
1. 1. 1. 기후변화와 신재생에너지의 필요성 1
1. 1. 2. 수소 에너지 3
1. 1. 3. 고체산화물 셀의 종류 및 특성 5
1. 1. 4. 연료극 지지형 고체산화물 셀 10
1. 2. 연구목적 12
1. 2. 1. 연료극 지지형 고체산화물 셀 제작 및 성능 최적화 12
1. 2. 2. Ni 확산에 의한 전해질 열화 문제 16
II. Experimental 20
2. 1. 연료극 지지형 고체산화물 셀 20
2. 1. 1. 연료극 지지형 고체산화물 셀 제작 20
2. 1. 2. 전기화학적 성능 평가 방법 22
2. 2. Ni 확산된 8YSZ 전해질 24
2. 2. 1. 전해질의 소결 및 Ni확산 24
2. 2. 2. 상분석 방법 29
III. Results and discussion 30
3. 1. 연료극 지지형 고체산화물 셀 30
3. 1. 1. 각 층별 수축률 제어 30
3. 1. 2. 공소결 공정 셀의 미세구조 및 전기화학 성능 분석 40
3. 1. 3. 후열처리 공정 셀의 미세구조 및 전기화학 성능 분석 51
3. 2. Ni 확산된 8YSZ 전해질 69
3. 2. 1. Ni 확산된 8YSZ의 전기화학 분석 및 상 변화 분석 69
3. 2. 2. Ni 확산된 Fe-8YSZ의 전기화학 분석 및 상 변화 분석 87
IV. Conclusion 103
V. References 10
Study on Gait Stability according to Active and Passive Light Touch during Turning Gait
No full textGait and balance are crucial for daily activities and overall quality of life. While straight gait declines after age 65, the ability to turn deteriorates from the 20s. Factors like walking speed and variability, particularly medial-lateral (ML) variability, impact gait stability and contribute to falls. Turning poses a higher injury risk than straight walking, yet most rehabilitation studies focus on standing or straight walking.
This study examines three hypotheses regarding balance in turning and gait sta- bility, involving curvature, contact conditions, and cognitive tasks: 1. Both forced contact and light contact improve balance during turning. 2. The contact effect increases with curvature and instability. 3. The passive mode is more effective than the active mode for balance improvement.
Twenty young participants underwent ten protocols varying touch conditions (No Touch; NT, Forced Touch; FT, Light Touch; LT), radius (1 m, 0.5 m), and speed methods (Active, Passive). Analysis with a 3-way ANOVA showed that ML variability was significantly reduced with Light Touch compared to No Touch across all turns. Increased curvature led to greater ML variability, and the active mode resulted in more gait asymmetry.
Findings validated the hypotheses: Light Touch improved stability more than Forced Touch, with no significant link between contact effect and curvature size. The active light mode also increased cognitive load, leading to instability.MasterAbstract i
Contents ii
List of Tables iv
List of Figures v
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Chapter 2. Methods 5
2.1 Participants 5
2.2 Experimental Protocol 6
2.3 Experimental Environment 7
2.4 Turning Gait Experiment 9
2.5 Data Collection and Analysis 10
Chapter 3. Results 14
3.1 RMS ML 14
3.2 Step width and RMS Step width 15
3.3 Walking Speed 17
3.4 Stance time 18
3.4.1 Left Contact (LC) 18
3.4.2 Right Contact (RC) 19
3.5 Swing time 21
3.5.1 Left Contact 21
3.5.2 Right Contact 22
3.6 Stride time 22
3.6.1 Left Contact 22
3.6.2 Right Contact 23
3.7 Summary 24
Chapter 4. Discussion 25
4.1 RMS ML 25
4.2 Step width and RMS Step width 26
4.3 Walking Speed 27
4.4 Gait Phase 27
4.5 Non-significant factors 29
Chapter 5. Conclusion 30
5.1 Future works 31
References 32
List of Publications 38
국 문 요 약 39
감 사 의 글 40
Curriculum Vitae 4
Cell free supernatants of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium longum suppress the tumor growth in colorectal cancer organoid model
Get PDFThe probiotic gut microbiome and its metabolites are pivotal in regulating host metabolism, inflammation, and immunity. Host genetics, colonization at birth, the host lifestyle, and exposure to diseases and drugs determine microbial composition. Dysbiosis and disruption of homeostasis in the beneficial microbiome have been reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the influence of bacteria-secreted metabolites on CRC growth is yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we compared the microbial composition of CRC patients to healthy controls to identify distinct patterns of microbiota-derived metabolites in CRC patients. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that beneficial bacteria strains; Blautia producta, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Bifidobacterium longum decreased, while Parabacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides ovatus were more prevalent in the CRC patient group. Treatment of cancer organoid lines with microbial culture supernatants from Blautia producta, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Bifidobacterium longum showed remarkable inhibition of cancer growth. This study demonstrates that the bacterial metabolites depleted in CRC patients may inhibit cancer growth and highlights the effects of microbiome-derived metabolites on CRC growth. © The Author(s) 2025.TRUEsciescopu
Hydride Ion Conductors with Polyanionic Complex Anions
No full textHydride ion (H-)-conducting solid-state materials have lately received great attention for advanced electrochemical energy storage/conversion systems, including hydride ion-based batteries, electrolysis, and fuel cells. However, the highly reactive nature of hydride ions has posed challenges in diversifying anion systems, which are crucial for designing their effective transport. This study reports perovskite-type hydride ion conductors, Sr1-yNayLiH3-x-y(BH4)x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.1), employing polyanionic borohydride (BH4-) as the anions in the structure. Structural characterization indicates that single-phase hydride ion conductors, in which H- and BH4- coexist in the cubic perovskite structure, are stabilized at the low-x region. In addition, incorporating H- vacancies (an increase in y) enhances the disorder of H- and BH4-, improving hydride ion conductivity by 3 orders of magnitude. Neutron powder diffraction analysis reveals that the polyanionic BH4- interacts asymmetrically with the cations (Sr2+ and Na+), thereby facilitating hydride ion conduction through pathways where these interactions are weaker. This unusual structure allows for a high hydride ion conductivity of over 10-4 S cm-1 at 100 °C. The current study suggests that many complex anions can be promising candidates as novel anion systems for hydride ion conductors. © 2025 American Chemical Society.FALSEsciescopu