eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Searching for markers of immunocompetence in blood: application to vaccination against Influenza A virus in pigs
No full textSearching for markers of immunocompetence in blood: application to vaccination against Influenza A virus in pigs . International Veterinary Immunology Symposium (IVIS
Looking deep inside the phloem and xylem cell wall composition by synchrotron FTIR and Raman spectroscopy
No full textInternational audienceCell walls are highly complex structures that are modified during plant growth and Development. For example, the development of phloem and xylem vascular cells, which participate in the transport of sugars and water as well as providing support, can be influenced by cell-specific wall composition. We used synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared (SR-FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy to analyze the cell wall composition of floral stem vascular tissues of wild-type Arabidopsis and the double-mutant sweet11-1 sweet12-1, which has impaired sugar transport. The SR-FTIR spectra showed that in addition to modified xylem cell wall composition, phloem cell walls in the double mutant line were characterized by modified hemicellulose composition. Combining Raman spectroscopy with a classification and regression tree (CART) method identified combinations of Raman shifts that could distinguish xylem vessels and fibers. In addition, the disruption of the SWEET11 and SWEET12 genes impacted on xylem wall composition in a cell-specific manner, with changes in hemicelluloses and cellulose observed at the xylem vessel interface. These results suggest that the facilitated transport of sugars by transporters that exist between vascular parenchyma cells and conducting cells is important in ensuring correct phloem and xylem cell wall composition
Influence des perturbations sur la performance des porcs en croissance : de la détection automatique à la caractérisation de la réponse adaptative des animaux
No full textInternational audienceImproving robustness of farm animals is seen as a new target of breeding strategies. However, robustness is a complex trait, which is not measurable directly. The objective of this study was to quantify and characterise elements of robustness in growing pigs. Robustness can be characterised by examining the animal’s response to environmental perturbations. We developed a generic model and data analysis procedure to detect these perturbations and subsequently characterise the feed intake response of growing pigs in terms of resistance and resilience. A model based on differential equations was developed to characterise the animal’s response to perturbations. In this model, adaptive response to each perturbation can be characterised by four parameters. The start and end times of the perturbation, the immediate reduction in daily feed intake at the start of the perturbation (i.e., a “resistance” trait), and another parameter describing the capacity of the animal to adapt to the perturbation through compensatory feed intake to rejoin the target trajectory of cumulative feed intake (i.e., a “resilience” trait). The model has been employed successfully to identify the target trajectory of cumulative feed intake in growing pigs and to quantify the animal’s response to a perturbation by using feed intake as the response criterion
Improving mating plans at herd level using genomic information
No full textInternational audienceSince 2011, 189,417 Montbéliarde females have been genotyped at the farmers’ request. Farmers are interested in getting GEBV of their young females for selection and for mating purposes. However, more genomic information than only GEBV could be use at mating, such as genomic inbreeding and carrier status for recessive haplotypes or major genes. This study aims at comparing five different on-herd mating strategies for their capacity to maximize expected genetic gain while limiting the expected average progeny inbreeding and the probability to conceive a foetus homozygous for any of three genetic defects segregating in Montbéliarde breed (MH1, MH2 and MTCP). In September 2018, 160 Montbéliarde herds were selected for which more than 80% of the females to be mated were genotyped and where the actual reproducing strategy was known, i.e. the farmer’s choice of females to be inseminated with sexed, conventional or beef breed semen. The females of each herd were then mated to 54 purebred top bulls using random mating method (RAND) or two optimized mating methods (LP = linear programming; SEQ = sequential) with or without use of genomic information (PEDI vs GENO). All mating methods were constrained for required type of semen use (sexed or conventional) and for ease at calving for heifers inseminated with conventional semen. A bull could be mated to a maximum of 10% of the females of a herd. In total, 9,655 matings were planned per method. LP_GENO was the best method since it provided the highest average expected genetic gain, the lowest expected progeny (genomic) inbreeding and the lowest risk of conception of a foetus homozygous for any genetic defect. LP_GENO provided on average +12% of economic gain compared to SEQ_PEDI and + 40% of economic gain compared to RAND for the farmer, showing the high value of planned matings compared to random mating. In addition, expected genomic inbreeding was >1% higher when using PEDI rather than GENO coancestry. These results are very promising for an on-herd application since the mate allocation step with an R software was fast (<10 seconds per herd)
Integrating the complex regulation of leaf growth by water and trophic dynamics in a functional-structural plant model of grass
No full textInternational audienc
Milk mega farms and the new agrarian capitalism: the multiple dimensions of the current socio-technical transition in Vietnam
No full textMilk mega farms and the new agrarian capitalism: the multiple dimensions of the current socio-technical transition in Vietnam. Conference “Rethinking Asian Capitalism and Society in the 21. Century
Piglets infected with ETEC F4 and F18: effect of MUC4 and FUT1 genotypes
No full textInternational audienc
Burning issues in biodiversity 2: fitter livestock farms from better gene banks?
No full textIMAGE ConsortiumInternational audienceAnimal gene banks are an investment for countries and research institutions as well as an asset for the livestock sector. A better knowledge of these collections is key to stimulate their use. Since information about gene bank collections is often hard to find for a breeder, the IMAGE H2020 project is developing a web portal to connect all data pertaining to gene bank collections. Unfortunately, data on gene bank collections are scarce, except for cattle. IMAGE is producing molecular data with the aim to correlate them with adaptation or specific phenotypic traits of breeds being present in gene banks, but it does not focus on phenotyping, except for semen. Cooperation between EU-funded projects on livestock is supported by the Common Dissemination Booster dedicated to fitter animal farms. This ‘CDB’ gathers GenTORE, FEED-A-Gene, SAPHIR, GplusE, SmartCow and IMAGE projects. This session will feature results and approaches of these projects that could be used to better document gene bank collections. The SmartCow infrastructure project is devoted to phenotyping: animals with original phenotypes would be a target for gene bank collection, and resources from gene banks could be used to produce animals from past genotypes to be compared with current ones. IMAGE is also using time series of gene bank collections to identify selection signatures in a cattle breed. GplusE developed mid-infrared milk analysis based technologies that could be used in different ways to add value to gene banks. FEED-A-GENE is identifying criteria and populations related to a better feed efficiency in pigs and chickens fed alternative feedstuffs. GenTORE will illustrate impacts of geoclimatic classes and farm type (organic or conventional) on economic resilience of dairy farms. Association between environmental variation and genetic diversity will be illustrated by IMAGE with a landscape genetics approach in sheep. Cooperation between these projects should increase our knowledge of phenotype-genotype relationships. Refined characterization of gene bank samples would improve the prediction of animal performance and enhance the complementarity between gene banking strategies and management of on-farm populations. This approach could then be disseminated in training programs of IMAGE