eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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A model-based assessment of the soil C storage potential at the national scale: A case study from France
No full textInternational audienceThe recent controversy about the 4 per 1000 initiative has emphasized the need for a quantitative assessment of the C storage potential of agricultural soils. Moreover a clear distinction is required between the biophysically and the economically achievable potentials. Here we used a modelling approach at a fine spatial-scale resolution (< 8 km2) to quantify the additional C storage in agricultural soils of mainland France following the implementation, when feasible, of a range of soil C storing practices (i.e. cover crops, reduced tillage, new C inputs, grazing instead of mowing,…). The additional cost for farmers was also calculated, thus yielding the cost per Mg of additional C stored in soils. Results showed that the average additional C storage calculated over 30 years ranged between +0.028 and + 0.466 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 (i.e. between +0.5 and +7.2‰) for the different tested practices, with a very high spatial variability over France for each practice related to initial C stocks and pedo-climatic conditions. The storing practices where then ranked according to the cost of the additional C stored in soils (expressed in euro per Mg of C) and an optimal cost-efficient strategy was proposed at the national level
Do tomorrow’s diversified cropping systems need ley pastures?
No full textSession 9. Impacts of introducing service crops and legumes in cropping systemsInternational audienc
Le marketing pour changer les comportements alimentaires…en mieux !
No full textSession spécialeNational audienc
Responses to selection for adaptation to temperate conditions in tropical drought tolerant maize production
No full textAGAP : GE2popNational audienc
Le développement de l’intelligence professionnelle en recherche : des situations de travail des doctorants et encadrants à un dispositif de formation pour favoriser la réussite de leurs apprentissages croisés
No full textInternational audienceLa thèse est un processus d’apprentissage du métier de chercheur et nécessite de développer une intelligence professionnelle spécifique. Cet apprentissage est guidé par un/des praticien(s) expérimenté(s) du métier, l’(les) encadrant(s). Notre objectif est de caractériser les situations de travail dans lesquelles cette intelligence professionnelle est développée. Pour cela, nous mobilisons notre expérience de formateurs de binômes doctorants-encadrants dans un institut de recherche finalisé. Nous montrons que chaque binôme doit développer une intelligence professionnelle croisée en apprenant à gérer des situations complexes. Nous identifions la période clé de la fin de 1ère année et explicitons les principes pédagogiques de notre formation-action, fondée sur la réflexivité et la communication dans le binôme. En perspective, nous proposons des instruments pour soutenir la professionnalisation des encadrants et des doctorants
Application de la classification symbolique à l’estimation des coûts de production agricoles
No full textCette communication développe certains travaux de l'auteur réalisés lors de la préparation de sa thèse (Desbois, 2015), co-dirigée par Y. Surry et JC. Bureau, dans le cadre du projet FACEPA (Farm Accountancy Cost Estimation and Policy Analysis) du 7e programme-cadre de la Communauté européenne (FP7 / 2007 2013, approbation n ° 212292). La participation aux XXVI-ièmes Rencontres de la Société francophone de Classification a été financée par le projet ASSETS. Ces mentions n'implique aucune approbation par les personnes et organismes cités du texte placé sous l’entière responsabilité de l’auteur.National audienceThis communication analyses the similarities between distributions of conditional quantile estimates, applying it to the problem of cost allocation in agriculture. The first part presents the empirical model, the quantile regression approach and the interval data clustering technique used. The second part presents the comparative analysis of the clustering results between twelve European Member States.Cette communication utilise la classification des données symboliques pour explorer les similitudes entre distributions d'estimations quantiles conditionnelles, en l’appliquant au problème de l’allocation des coûts spécifiques en agriculture. Après avoir rappelé le cadre conceptuel de l'estimation des coûts de production agricole, la première partie présente le modèle empirique, l'approche de régression quantile et la technique de classification des données d'intervalle utilisée. La seconde partie présente l'analyse comparative entre douze États membres européens des résultats issus de la classification hiérarchique divisive des intervalles d'estimation
Clone-dependent expression of grapevine esca disease
No full textProd 2019-114a SPE IPM CNRS INRA UB DOCT CT1 SPEInternational audienceThe occurrence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) increases gradually within vineyards, leading to important economic losses. Several factors could affect grapevine susceptibility to GTDs, especially climate, vine age, soil fertilization, and also rootstock, cultivar and clone. For a cultivar, the level of disease expression can vary with region and from year to year. In this context, our objective was to assess if the expression of esca disease, one of the most widespread GTDs, was also clone-dependent. Two clones (76 and 95) of the “Chardonnay” cultivar, grown in the same plot, were compared according to their developmental and physiological traits, metabolome, and esca foliar symptom expression. Agronomical data and symptom expression were recorded during summer 2015, and metabolome analyses were performed in leaf samples collected from visually healthy vines as control (C), and from both symptomatic (D+) and asymptomatic (D-) shoots of esca-affected vines. The bud burst percentage and the fertility ratio were significantly lower for clone 76 than for clone 95, whereas the plant vigor was similar. The percentage of vines expressing the apoplectic and chronic forms of esca disease was low but slightly higher for clone 95. Global GC-MS analysis highlighted a clone-dependent metabolic fingerprint of disease expression. Additional targeted HPLC analyses showed opposite variations in the accumulation of trans-caffeoyltartaric acid, quercetin-O-glucoside, quercetin-O-galactoside, and kaempferol-O-glucoside (higher levels in control leaves of clone 76 than in diseased ones, and the opposite for clone 95). An original approach, 3D fluorescent analysis, was also used to compare samples and also pointed out significant differences in disease expression between clones. Altogether, this study highlights a clone-dependent metabolic response related to esca-disease expression, and the potential of the 3D fluorescence analysis as a new method to detect it. It would be interesting to extend the analysis to other clones and varieties
Organic carbon decomposition rates with depth under an agroforestry system in a calcareous soil
No full textNational audienceThe aims of this study were: (i) assess soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralisation potential as a function of soil depth in an agroforestry (AF) plot compared to an agricultural plot (ii) estimate the contribution of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) to CO2 emissions at different depths. Soils were collected in an 18-year-old AF (tree rows and alleys) and in an adjacent agricultural plot. The incubation comprised four soil replicates per location (control, tree row, alley) and per depth (0-10, 10-30, 70-100 and 160-180 cm). Soil samples were moistened to reach field capacity, at pF 2.5, and were then incubated at 20°C in the dark. The CO2 concentration and the δ13C of the CO2 were measured after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 44 days. The microbial biomass was measured at the end of the incubation. Decomposition rates were calculated, as well as the metabolic quotient. The cumulated total CO2, SIC-derived CO2 and SOC-derived CO2 emissions were only significantly higher in tree row than in the alley or in the control plot at 0-10 cm. SOC decomposition rates decreased with increasing depth. Contributions of SIC to total CO2 emissions according were comprised between 0.15 and 0.30 in topsoil layers and between 0.50 and 0.70 in subsoil layers. The higher emission in the tree row at 0-10 cm was related to a large amount of labile particulate organic matter. SOC did not seem to be more stabilized in AF compared to the control. SIC-derived CO2 must be taken into account on calcareous soils
Drip irrigation with treated wastewater: sanitary issues of biofouling
No full textInternational audienceDrip irrigation techniques provide water-saving irrigation solutions that deliver water in controlled quantities for the plant's optimal growth. Nonetheless, biofilm development in these systems fed with treated wastewater induces biofouling and reduces the benefit of this system. Several experiments were performed in order to characterize the factors affecting biofouling in these systems. In the first study, the influence of dripper hydraulic parameters on biofilm development and on the presence of bacterial genera of health interest was tested. Three types of drippers with different hydraulic parameters and flow rates (1, 2 and 4 L.h-1) have been installed on irrigation pipes supplied with lagoon-treated wastewater for 3-4 months. The biofilm development was followed by Optical Coherence Tomography. Bacterial communities of dripper biofilms were characterized by 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing over time. The biofilm development was higher in the 1 L.h-1 drippers. The structure of the bacterial communities in the dripper biofilms and the abundance of genera associated with opportunistic pathogens (Legionella, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium or Stenotrophomonas) were different according to the dripper type, which could be explained by hydraulic flow changes. Moreover, the abundance of some of these genera (Acinetobacter, Aeromonas) in dripper biofilms decreases over time while the bacterial diversity increases. In a second experiment, the effect of treatments (water purge and chlorination) to limit the biofilm development were studied for 1 L.h-1 drippers. The dripper biofilm development was slower for the chlorinated irrigation pipes. The impact of the treatment on the bacterial communities and on the removal of genera containing opportunistic species will be characterized (analyses in progress)