eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Towards bruchid resistance in pulses
No full textProd 2019-88ff BAP GEAPSI INRANational audienceSeed weevils (Bruchus spp.) are major pests of pulses, causing yield losses and affecting marketability 1,2 . Available insecticides have low efficiency and important negative impacts on the environment, humans and non-target organisms. Therefore, breeding resistant varieties represent the most promising strategy to overcome seed weevils. The pyramiding of several resistance genes in cultivars is an important objective because this will make the resistance more durable and suitable for sustainable agriculture. The PeaMUST project (ANR-11-BTBR0002) aims at discovering the mechanisms of tolerance and resistance to bruchids in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crops and identifying the functional candidate genes for future implementation in Genomics-Assisted Breeding (GAB). A multidisciplinary approach that includes Genome- Wide Association Studies (GWAS), Quantitative trait locus (QTLs) mapping, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), shotgun proteomics and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) analysis has been used to identify potential candidate genes for resistance to bruchids. The results will provide (i) original basic knowledge about resistance strategies in pea and faba bean, the candidate genes underlying quantitative resistance to bruchids and its conservation in other legume species, as well as, (ii) innovative applied knowledge and tools for breeding pea and faba bean varieties resistant to bruchids, which will be useful in future strategies of durable resistance management
TILLING resources in pea: a valuable tool for functional validation
No full textProd 2019-88t BAP GEAPSI INRANational audienceSince 2004, two INRA teams (UMR Agroecology Dijon and IJBP, Versailles), both partners of PEAMUST, have created 3 EMS-induced mutant collections in the framework of European or French ANR projects. The genotypes chosen for these collections have specific agronomic traits according to the research subject. For example, the Terese rms3 and -rms4 branched genotypes (Rameau et al., 1997) are well suited to the study of shoot architecture in relation with strigolactone and the lines easy to grow and to backcross in glasshouse conditions. Caméor, an early cultivar with high seed protein content, is the reference genotype for the pea sequencing project. The 336/11 winter pea line with the Hr allele is very sensitive to photoperiod and cold tolerant, which enables the screening of genes contributing to winter pea performance. These 3 collections currently represent a total of 13500 mutated lines. The high-throughput detection of mutations in specific regions of the genome is critical to exploit allelic resources from these collections. Since 2014, mutation detection system has evolved toward NGS technologies and a new one has been implemented in INRA (IPS2) increasing consequently the sensitivity of the detection, allowing a better exploitation of these collections. Spanning the 3 collections mutation rate was assessed ranging from 10 to 40 thousand mutations per genome. As part of the PeaMUST project, about 15 kb of candidate gene sequences were sequenced across 81,000 families. 313 mutations were detected, of which 9% induce a stop codon or a splice defect and 70% induce amino acid changes. These results showed the very high potential of these collections for their exploitation in functional validation or creation of allelic variants. Rameau C, Bodelin C, Cadier D, Grandjean O, Miard F, Murfet IC (1997) New ramosus mutants at loci Rms1, Rms3 and Rms4 resulting from the mutation breeding program at Versailles. Pisum Genet 29: 7–1
Investigation of soil carbon sequestration processes in a temperate deciduous forest using soil respiration experiments
No full textInternational audienc
Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis evaluating heat and feed stress in layer chickens
No full textInternational audienc
Cows selected for resistance to mastitis show contrasted immune responses compared to mastitis susceptible cows
No full textInternational audienceMastitis remains an important disease in dairy farming nowadays. Genetic selection of animals for increased resistance to mastitis is a relevant strategy to reduce the burden that mastitis entails on dairy cows. A divergent selection scheme based on somatic cell counts and clinical mastitis records was set-up on Prim’Holstein cows at the INRA experimental unit of Le Pin-au-Haras. In order to better define the mechanism underlying genetic resistance to mastitis, inflammatory challenges as well as immunization with a model antigen were performed on cows from these two different lines. LPS was infused in one healthy udder quarter of each cow approx. 1 month post-partum. Milk was collected 4, 8, 12 and 24h post-infusion. Somatic cells recruited in milk were counted and the cytokines/chemokines CXCL8, IL-6 and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. For adaptive response studies, cows were immunized 15 days before dry-off with ovalbumin and the response was evaluated 15 days after dry-off. Response to immunization was evaluated by measuring IFNγ and IL-17A and upon antigen stimulation in whole blood assays. Although LPS triggered mastitis in all infused quarters, mastitis resistant cows (n= 16) showed decreased inflammatory response compared to more susceptible cows (n= 25) at t=8h post-infusion. No differences were observed between the two groups in terms of response to immunization. Altogether, these results suggest that, in response to intra-mammary LPS challenge, cows selected for resistance to mastitis are better able to control the inflammatory response
Le projet mille génomes gallus : comment partager les données de séquences pour mieux les utiliser
No full textNational audienceThe Mille Gallus genomes project aims at gathering whole genome sequence data in chicken, produced by research teams as well as breeding companies, on the model of the Mille Bull genomes project. The main interest is to increase the power of analyses by increasing the number of genomes to compare. Applications are to improve the knowledge of the chicken genome, to characterize with a high accuracy the genetic diversity at the species level, to facilitate the identification of causal mutations and to provide support to genomic selection by facilitating imputation of sequence data from SNP data. A pilot project has started in France with the collection of 207 individual genome sequences produced by eight publicly funded projects on a range of chicken populations (fastgrowing and slow-growing broilers, layers, local breeds, wild ancestors). Data sets are described by technical metadata and by metadata on the animal and its population of origin. Phenotypic data are not shared. The SIGENAE team has aligned all sequences on the GalGal5 reference genome and used a common pipeline for SNP calling. More than 42 millions SNP were identified. A structure analysis led to group the 207 individuals in seven genetic clusters. The analysis of SNP in the coding sequence of the MC1R gene showed a selection signature in the brown-egg layers related to red plumage. Other analysis are planned, including detection of structural variants. On-going projects in Europe and feedback from international teams led to think that the target of Mille genomes can be reached quickly. The principles of a future consortium agreement are presentedLe séquençage du génome entier est maintenant utilisé dans de nombreux projets de recherche sur le poulet. Le projet Mille Génomes Gallus s’inspire du projet Mille Génomes Bovins et a pour objectif de rassembler les séquences du génome entier d’animaux du genre Gallus, produites par les équipes de recherche et les entreprises de sélection. L’intérêt est d’augmenter la puissance des analyses en augmentant le nombre de génomes comparés. Les applications concernent l’analyse de la structure du génome, la caractérisation globale de la diversité de l’espèce, l’identification de mutations causales et l’aide à la sélection génomique. Cette synthèse décrit d’abord le contexte de la génomique du poulet avant de développer le concept du projet Mille Génomes, de l’illustrer avec un projet pilote utilisant les données produites par des équipes françaises et de discuter les modalités de son extension. Le projet pilote français regroupe 207 séquences individuelles issues de 8 projets de recherches financés par des fonds publics, sur une large gamme de populations (poulets de chair, poules pondeuses, races locales, ancêtres sauvages). Les jeux de données sont décrits par des métadonnées techniques et des métadonnées liées à l’animal et sa population d’origine. Aucune information phénotypique n’est partagée. L’équipe SIGENAE a aligné l’ensemble des séquences sur la version 5 du génome de référence et a répertorié plus 40 millions de variants SNP. L’analyse de structure des populations regroupe les 207 individus en sept groupes génétiques. L’étude des SNP du gène MC1R montre une signature de sélection chez les pondeuses de plumage rouge. D’autres analyses sont prévues, notamment pour les variants structuraux. Les projets en cours en Europe et les contacts pris avec des équipes étrangères laissent penser que la cible de Mille Génomes peut être atteinte rapidement. Les principes d’un futur accord de consortium sont exposés
Studying the reaction of young bulls towards humans using behavioural tests and monitoring tools
No full textNational audienc
Colletotrichum metabolite higginsianin B suppresses plant jasmonate signaling by blocking proteasome-mediated degradation of JAZ proteins
No full textÉvénement(s) lié(s) : - International-Society-for-Molecular-Plant-Microbe-Interactions (IS-MPMI); Glasgow (GBR) - (2019-07-14 - 2019-07-18)International audienc
Expanding european flint maize panels for genome-wide association and genomic selection studies
No full textAGAP : GE2popInternational audienceEuropean flint maize has proven to be an outstanding partner of North American dent maize for developing hybrids in Northern Europe. Use of publicly available genetic material in genetic studies is nevertheless complicated by a number of agronomic defaults, especially root and stalk lodging, tillering and a number of disease susceptibilities. A first series of lines available at INRA (Camus-Kulandaivelu et al. 2006, Genetics), was increased within the CornFed project, which involved German, Spanish and French partners, leading to 300 diverse lines. These lead to the discovery of QTL for biomass production (Rincent et al., 2014, Theor Appl Genet) and cold tolerance (Revilla et al., 2016, BMC plant Biology). To further increase this panel, Gouesnard et al. (2017, Theor appl Genet) conducted a GBS based survey of all flint type materials present in the INRA collection. Original lines not introgressed by dent germplasm were selected to complete the collection. They were also intercrossed to produce new recombinant materials between different genetic origins. This lead to a total of 1200 preexisting and new lines that were evaluated per se in a windy environment in Brittany to favor lodging, which revealed a high genetic variability. Association genetics will be conducted in the coming months. Finally, out of these lines, 350 lines selected within a narrow phenology range and showing limited lodging susceptibility have been crossed to a dent tester to conduct agronomic trials for adaptive traits, to be started in 2019
