eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Influence of the relative humidity on the water drying rate and on the bacterial growth or inactivation in a food processing plant
No full textInternational audienceA heat and mass transfer model was developed to predict, during the drying of a food processing plant, the evolution of the water mass, wet surface, air temperature and relative humidity. The model was previously validated by comparing the predictions with the experimental results obtained in a food processing plant. Then, this model was coupled with a microbiological model to predict the fate of Listeria monocytogenes (growth or inactivation) at different locations in the plant (floor, wall and equipment). Simulations were carried out for blown air at 50%, 68% and 85% relative humidity in order to study the influence of air dehumidification in the plant on the drying rate and on the evolution of the microbial load. It was found that bacteria are more likely to develop on equipment when the drying time is longer. A technical solution involving heating of the equipment was proposed and the impact on the wet surface and the evolution of the microbial load was presented
Economic and environmental analysis of maize inoculation by a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in French Rhone-Alpes region
No full textInternational audienc
Call for projects "Parisculteurs": catalyst for urban agriculture development on rooftops in Paris
No full textInternational audienceCities of the global North are increasingly trying to green their spaces, notably by encouraging urban agriculture (UA) development in vacant spaces such as rooftops. Different strategies can be used by cities to achieve this goal. We studied Paris's international call for projects (CFP), "Les Parisculteurs", which aims to provide public and private rooftops to urban farmers. This study seeks to examine the relevance of urban rooftop farming (URF) in the city of Paris in view of its specificities and to understand the management of the CFP which is currently an innovative way to develop urban rooftop farming. We will show how this CFP tends to respond to the city of Paris's challenges regarding UA. The comprehensive analysis of this CFP is based on the results of an 11-month participatory research work: we participated in the study and the setting up of the CFP by being part of the "Assistant to the Contracting Authority" (ACA), commissioned by the City of Paris. It appears, inter alia, that this CFP lifted several barriers blocking projects installations, is a way to green the city quickly and in a cost-effective way, promotes the diversity of the projects of UA and allows the City of Paris to test technical and regulatory limits of UA on existing buildings. It was also pointed out that developing UA by providing lands on rooftops without financing the winning projects had strongly encouraged the professionalization of urban agriculture in Paris. To conclude, CFP can be a relevant way for a collectivity to encourage urban farming but it cannot be a systematic solution as it is adapted to a specific context and it carries the risk to develop projects which are disconnected from their local environment
The interplay between sulfur nutrition and the drought response in pea : a focus on seed development and composition
No full textBAP GEAPSI INRA DOCTInternational audiencePea (Pisum sativum L.) produces seeds rich in proteins, but seed yield and quality remain unstable due to various stresses, including drought and sulfur deficiency that interact in the context of climate change and reduced sulfur deposition. To investigate the interplay between sulfur nutrition and drought, sulfate-deprived pea plants were subjected to a short water-stress of 9 days during the early reproductive phase. While drought alone did not impact seed yield, sulfur deficiency alone or combined with drought decreased it by 38% and 65% respectively. An analysis of the seed protein composition revealed differences in the accumulation of sulfur-rich (11S) and sulfur-poor (7S) globulins in response to individual or combined stresses. While the 11S/7S globulin ratio did not vary in response to drought alone, it decreased by 88% in response to sulfur deficicency, but only by 47% under combined stress conditions. To decipher the strategy used by plants to regulate the 11S/7S ratio, the partitioning of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur between the different plant compartments was studied. Next, to pinpoint the mechanisms by which seeds adjust their metabolism under multi-stress conditions, developing seeds were collected at three time points and subjected to shotgun proteomics. A total of 2237 proteins were identified and quantified and the data were used to build a co-abundance protein network, which enabled the reconstruction of the metabolic pathways governing early seed development in pea and highlighted the impact of drought combined with sulfur deficiency on these pathways
The effects of PLF on human-animal relationships on farms
No full textNational audiencePrecision livestock farming induces not only technical and economic changes, but also modifies farmers’ work. It affects the nature and frequency of their daily tasks, specifically in relation to animals, and the data available about the animals. It consequently may affect the quality of the human-animal relationship and how farmers perceive their profession. To better understand these effects, a survey was carried out on 25 French farms raising three different species and equipped with different tools: milking robots and heat detectors for dairy cows, automatic feeders for sows, and housing management and automated weighing systems for poultry. Semi-structured interviews with the farmers were conducted. The main results showed that there were diverse motivations behind the farmers’ decision to install new equipment: some sought better working conditions, others to improve their technical management, yet others were induced by value chain incentives. Most mentioned that their job had become more technical, and the majority was satisfied. Farmers’ interactions with their animals had changed and sometimes decreased, with less time spent in their presence or in direct contact. Digital data enabled a different view of animals, focusing on problematic individuals. Some farmers continued to observe their animals and used specific “relational practices” to facilitate work and reduce animal stress, while others delegated decisions and tasks entirely to their equipment. Nevertheless, some farmers noted limits regarding the place of new technologies on a farm, such as the risk of losing their own autonomy or their ability to observe animals and detect problems
Carbon budget over 12 years in a production crop under temperate climate
No full textInternational audienc
Assessment of surface temperature variation under chronic high temperature in four experimental layer chicken lines differing for heat resistance and feed efficiency traits
No full textAssessment of surface temperature variation under chronic high temperature in four experimental layer chicken lines differing for heat resistance and feed efficiency traits. 10. European Symposium on Poultry Genetics (ESPG
