eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Genetic relationships between feed efficiency for growing young bulls and their body composition at the slaughtering
No full textSession : GénétiqueNational audienc
Dissipation in soil and bioavailability to earthworm of two fungicides: comparison of laboratory and field experiments
No full textInternational audienceThe pesticide fate in soil is currently studied through laboratory experiments, using homogenized soil and controlled incubation conditions. However, the representativeness of such experiments is questionable regarding to field conditions, i.e., soil heterogeneity, vegetation cover and climatic variations. Upon the few studies performed simultaneously under field and laboratory, the pesticides persistence and/or sorption on soil were evaluated as different; thus bioavailability could also be different. This study aimed at comparing the dissipation and the bioavailability of dimoxystrobin and epoxiconazole (two fungicides used in the commercial formulation of Swing Gold®) in a loamy soil and in earthworms under laboratory and field conditions. Field experiments were conducted in a meadow located in Versailles (France) on 100 m2 plots. The field soil and earthworms were regularly sampled after the treatment, over one year (April to April). Laboratory experiments were performed by mixing the fungicide solution with surface soil issuing from the same field, and incubated in dark, at 15°C and constant humidity. In both cases, four replicates were performed using the recommended Swing Gold® dose, extra doses adapted to observe ecotoxicological effects and controls. The dimoxystrobin and epoxiconazole concentrations in soil were determined by an exhaustive extraction method and, to evaluate their availability, with a mild method engaging hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. At the same time, the bioavailability of the two fungicides was evaluated by determining their concentrations in exposed earthworms Aporrectodea icterica and Aporrectodea caliginosa. All analyses were performed by UHPLC-MS/MS. Under field conditions and five days after pesticide application, only 10% to 45% of pesticide residues were measured in topsoil, with high heterogeneity between replicates. After one month, the concentrations in soil increased, probably due to a plant-soil transfer. By contrast, applied dose was observed at initial time under laboratory conditions. For later dates and in both cases, dissipation was observed. The available fraction showed homogeneous rates under controlled conditions but highly heterogeneous ones in the field. However, the ratio of available/total concentrations showed the same trend of fate for the two tested substances. The bioavailability of the two fungicides was also different between field and laboratory conditions in terms of heterogeneity
Contribution of sperm methylome to bull fertility and interactions with DNA polymorphism
No full textPartie: Production, Management and the Environment Symposium: Epigenomics and non-coding RNA regulation of livestock production and health traitsInternational audienceSpermatozoa have a remarkable epigenome in line with their degree of specialization, their unique nature and different requirements for successful fertilization. While bull semen is widely used in artificial insemination, the literature describing DNA methylation in bovine spermatozoa is still scarce. In the context of genomic selection, more information on the epigenetic features transferred to the embryo alongside the paternal genetic heritage is necessary, in order to improve semen quality control procedures and bull fertility. We characterized the bull sperm methylome relative to bovine fibroblasts and monocytes using reduced restriction bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). A wide majority of differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) were less methylated in sperm than in somatic cells. Consistent with previous studies in other species, these hypomethylated DMCs were enriched for genes relevant to the germline differentiation program and sperm functions. The most remarkable observation was a dramatic enrichment for repeats and particularly for satellites, which may partly account for the lower global methylation we observed in bull sperm relative to sperm from other species (LUminometric Methylation Assay). We next investigated whether fertility biomarkers could be identified in the sperm methylome. Based on field fertility indicators, we compared fertile ejaculates, subfertile ejaculates and ejaculates from bulls with a disappointing career in contradiction with genomic predictions (Montbéliarde breed, n=10/group). The median age at production was consistent among groups and the phenotypic characterization revealed no significant differences except for the proportion of motile sperm, which was reduced in disappointing bulls. We identified 4823 DMCs targeting genes involved in signaling pathways, angiogenesis and the response to growth factors. Since DNA methylation is affected by the CpG content of the genome and its alteration by DNA polymorphism, an integrative approach was conducted to identify CpGs and SNPs in correlation, which revealed both direct and indirect interactions between the genome and the epigenome
Formulating generative and federative concepts, a new role for researchers in open innovation processes: The case of agriculture
No full textInternational audienceThe aspiration of organisations aiming to achieve societal goals often leads them to question their approaches toward innovation. Indeed, wicked problems such as ecosystem preservation require opening up for systemic innovations. Despite the potential complementarities between open innovation and sustainability orientation, the relationships between them remain poorly explored in the literature. Yet, specific management challenges may arise: how to engage stakeholders in collective innovation processes when economic interests may not be obvious? And how to foster their creativity? Research works have highlighted the new roles raised by participatory design processes for researchers, yet they do not focus on the role researchers can play to support collective and innovative design reasoning. This paper specifically addresses this issue, drawing on recent design theories, and focusing on agriculture. It analyses two contrasted empirical cases in which researchers have contributed to open innovation initiatives aiming at enhancing agricultural sustainability, showing significant achievements but also difficulties to engage diverse stakeholders. This paper highlights the interests of formulating “generative and federative concepts” to open design spaces and hereby both enhance generativity and the engagement of potentially key stakeholders. It also analyses how researchers producing knowledge on the functioning of complex social-ecological systems may help formulating such concepts
Effets d’une exposition maternelle aux nanoparticules diesel sur le développement de la glande mammaire et la lactation
No full textNational audienc
From genotype to phenotype: influence of the gut microbiota in Japanese quails (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>)
No full textInternational audienc
Review: Make ruminants green again - How can sustainable intensification and agroecology converge for a better future?
No full textSession 1: Herbivore nutrition in a globalized worldNational audienceLivestock farming systems provide multiple benefits to humans: protein-rich diets that contribute to food security, employment and rural economies, capital stock and draught power in many developing countries, and cultural landscape all around the world. Despite these positive contributions to society, livestock is also the centre of many controversies as regards to its environmental impacts, animal welfare and health outcomes related to excessive meat consumption. Here, we review the potentials of sustainable intensification (SI) and agroecology (AE) in the design of sustainable ruminant farming systems. We analyse the two frameworks in an historical perspective and show that they are underpinned by different values and worldviews about food consumption patterns, the role of technology and our relationship with nature. Proponents of SI see the increase in animal protein demand as inevitable and therefore aim at increasing production from existing farmland to limit further encroachment into remaining natural ecosystems. Sustainable intensification can thus be seen as an efficiency-oriented framework that benefits from all forms of technological development. Proponents of agroecology appear more open to dietary shifts towards less animal protein consumption to rebalance the whole food system. Agroecology promotes system redesign, benefits from functional diversity and aims at providing regulating and cultural services. We analyse the main criticisms of the two frameworks: Is SI sustainable? How much can AE contribute to feeding the world? Indeed, in SI, social justice has long lacked attention notably with respect to resource allocation within and between generations. It is only recently that some of its proponents have indicated that there is room to include more diversified systems and food-system transformation perspectives, and to build socially fair governance systems. As no space is available for agricultural land expansion in many areas, agroecological approaches that emphasise the importance of local production should also focus more on yield increases from agricultural land. Our view is that new technologies and strict certifications offer opportunities for scaling-up agroecological systems. We stress that the key issue for making digital science part of the agroecological transition is that it remains at a low cost and is thus accessible to smallholder farmers. We conclude that SI and AE could converge for a better future by adopting transformative approaches in the search for ecologically benign, socially fair and economically viable ruminant farming systems
Greenhouse gas abatement strategies andcosts in dairy production–a comparison across bio-economic models
No full textNational audienc
La concordance entre cardiofréquencemètre et ECG holter est bonne pour la fréquence cardiaque mais faible pour l’estimation du contrôle autonome cardiaque à l’effort
No full textNational audienceAnalysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) is frequently used for the assessment of training practices and welfare in the equine industry. Actually, RR intervals can be obtained using two different devices: a heart rate meter (HRM) or an electrocardiogram (ECG). However, the agreement and reliability of these devices has not been assessed in exercising horses. The purpose of the present study was to assess the agreement between the HRM Polar® and the ECG holter Televet®, the two main devices used to evaluate HRV in horses. Simultaneous recordings obtained during light exercise and during canter with both devices were available for 36 horses. Data were compared using a Bland-Altman analysis and the Lin’s coefficient. The agreement between the assessed HRV parameters was acceptable only for the mean RR interval and the mean heart rate. The ECG appears to be more accurate for a VFC study but is more difficult to maintain in place during exercise, while the CFM may be sufficient for heart rate monitoring during training.L’analyse de la variabilité cardiaque (VFC) est de plus en plus utilisée pour l’évaluation des pratiques d’entrainement ou du bien-être du cheval. L’écart entre deux battements cardiaques (intervalles RR) peut être mesuré à l’aide de deux techniques différentes : le cardiofréquencemètre (CFM) ou l’électrocardiogramme (ECG). Cependant, la concordance et la fiabilité de ces deux outils n’ont pas été évaluées chez le cheval à l’effort. Le but de ce travail était d’étudier la concordance entre le CFM Polar® et l’ECG holter Televet® principales références utilisées pour l’analyse VFC chez le cheval. Des enregistrements à l’échauffement et au galop ont été obtenus simultanément avec les deux appareils sur 36 chevaux. Les données ont été comparées en utilisant un graphique de Bland et Altman et le coefficient de Lin. Les deux outils de mesure se sont révélés concordants uniquement pour la mesure de la fréquence cardiaque moyenne. L’ECG apparait plus complet pour une étude VFC poussée mais est plus difficile à maintenir en place pendant l’exercice, tandis que le CFM peut suffire pour un suivi de la fréquence cardiaque à l’entraînement