eKhSACIR інституційному репозитарії Харківської державної академії культури
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Mature seeds as starting explants for regeneration and transformation of Poaceae species
No full textInternational audienc
pANO, le risque d'anomalie létale pour les produits d'accouplements : principe et utilisation en race Montbéliarde sur la zone Gen'IATest
No full textNational audienc
Diversity of maize landraces from south-west of France: origin and morphological differentiation analyzes
No full textInternational audienceIn south-west of France, maize landraces had evolved under environmental condition and human management since 17th century and until the arrival of the hybrids in1960s. In the sixties, these landraces have been conserved ex situ at the maize biological resource center (INRA, Mauguio, France). Previous genetic studies of a sample of this collection allowed identifying a distinct genetic group named Pyrenees-Galicia. This group has been hypothesized to come from an hybridization between the Northern Flint group and the Caribbean group In this study, we analysed a broader sample of the INRA collection in order to determine their genetic structure and to describe their morphological diversity. Firstly, we analysed genetic diversity of 194 maize landraces from south-west of France with the 50K SNPs array and using a bulk DNA sample of 15 plants. A non-supervised admixture analysis was performed by adding 148 American and European landraces. This analysis shown that there were 8 genetic groups. In fact, two separate genetic groups were identified in South-west of France, one in the Western part and one in the Eastern part. Secondly, we assessed morphological differentiation between the two genetic groups found in south-west of France, using a principal component analysis and an analysis of variance on 15 traits. Landraces located in West part of south-western France are earlier with bigger kernels and ears with a lower number of rows than landraces located in East part. Finally, we performed a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on 194 maize landraces from south-west of France. We showed that landraces were distributed continuously along the first component of PCoA analysis. This component was correlated with geographical coordinates of the landrace collection sites, highlighting a longitudinal gradient and a latitudinal gradient
Analyse comparée de certains services écosytémiques directement ou indirectement liés au flux azotés des systèmes avec légumineuses à graines
No full textProd 2018-220f EA GEAPSI INRANational audienc
Productivity and pre-crop effects of various legume species in agricultural conditions in three french regions
No full text6. Biodiversity and landscapeInternational audienceLegumes offer a wide array of services to be promoted in production systems and supply chains: production of protein-rich raw materials with interesting nutritional properties for both food and feed; beneficial preceding crop effects through the restitution of biologically fixed N and the time/space diversification of cropping systems. However the high variability of performances hinders anticipating and exploiting such services through adapted cropping system management. Today, stakeholders are lacking local references for diverse legume species and insertion modes (sole crops, intercrops for cash crops as well as cover crops). Hence approaches to insert more legumes in territories need to be assisted by identifying 1) the actor’s expectations, 2) services obtained by farmers in real farm context, 3) the main variability factors and levers to optimally exploit services, and by sharing results with actors. In 3 french territories (Pays de la Loire-PDL, Burgundy-B and Midi-Pyrénées-MP) observatories have been set up in partnership with cooperatives. Several species and insertion modes selected by local actors have been studied: spring/winter lupin as sole crop or intercropped with triticale (PDL); alfalfa and spring pea (B), soybean, and lentil as sole crop or intercropped with wheat (MP). A 2-year followup of the legume crop and the next crop has been performed in 2015-16 and was repeated on other plots in 2016-17. The variability of productivity (grain and protein yield) and grain protein content was high but differed according to species. Moreover there is a high variability in the yields and N acquisition of the following crops in relation to the performances of the legume and its N acquisition and allocation (N2 fixation, nitrogen harvest index, nitrogen in residues). The conditions and levers required to achieve both high yield productivity of legumes and high N preceding effect are discussed
Identification of microbial taxa linked to methane emission in Holstein and Charolais cattle by an integrative approach
No full textInternational audienc
Retour sur l'Ecole Technique : Méthodes pour la création et la valorisation deprototypes
No full textRetour sur l'Ecole Technique : Méthodes pour la création et la valorisation deprototypes. J2M 2018 - 15. Journées de la Mesure et de la Métrologi
RAINBOW TROUT RESISTANCE TO Flavobacterium psychrophilum: A GENOME WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IN A FRENCH POPULATION AFTER A NATURAL DISEASE OUTBREAK
No full textHealth management is a major issue for sustainable aquaculture. Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp), the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is responsible of important economic losses in rainbow trout farming. Resistance to the disease is heritable and several Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) with moderate effects have been detected, indicating that selective breeding may be efficient. However, in most studies, the resistance to Fp was assessed after experimental infectious challenges using injection as route of infection, which is not representative of the natural infection as it bypasses external barriers (e.g. skin, mucus) likely to play a protective role. In this study, we aimed at describing the genetic architecture of the resistance after a field outbreak in a French trout population, using a medium-throughput genotyping array (Affymetrix OD Axiom 57K SNP array). A natural outbreak of BCWD occurred in a farm from Les Aquaculteurs Bretons, a French breeding company in a cohort of 2,000 fish derived from 10 factorial mating design (69 dams, 97 sires in total). Dead fish were removed daily. At day 95 surviving fish were euthanized. All fish were stored for further genotyping. The presence of Fp in dead fish was checked at different time points until day 60, when mortality reached a plateau (30%) and Fp was no longer detected. Fish that died after day 60 were thus considered as resistant. Resistance was assessed as STATUS, a binary trait (dead/alive-resistant), and as time to death (TTD), the number of days between the onset of the disease and the day fish succumbed to the disease (value of 61 assigned for resistant fish). Using microsatellite genotyping, 1,733 fish were correctly assigned to a single mating pair. Those fish were used to estimate pedigree-based heritability for the two traits. For the genome wide association study, 720 individuals were sampled (290 resistant and 430 dead fish) and genotyped with the 57K SNP array. After genotype quality control, 706 fish genotyped for 30,030 validated SNP could be used. The association analysis was carried out using BLUPF90 software on TTD and STATUS separately. Heritability was 0.33 for TTD and 0.27 for STATUS. We detected seven low-effect and two moderate-effect QTL and several relevant candidate genes involved in the inflammatory immune response were located inside those QTL. Our study confirms the main features of the genetic architecture of resistance to Fp (no major QTL, several QTL with moderate effects) and that implementing genomic selection should improve resistance. Moreover, some QTL were the same as the ones detected previously in other trout populations infected experimentally with different bacterial isolates, confirming that they may drive a core set of resistance mechanisms
How gait analysis by accelerometry can improve breeding programs in jumping horses?
No full textInternational audienceGait analysis by accelerometry (trot, canter, and walk) of 1477 young jumping horses was recorded during 27 events in 2015 and 2016. Genetic analysis used mixed model methodology with an animal model involving 10,907 ancestors for the animal effect and velocity, sex, age, event for the fixed effects. Genetic correlations with jumping were calculated using all performances in competition since birth year 1998, i.e. 23,2952 horses, 406,750 ancestors and 458,269 annual performances from 2002 to 2016. Genome-wide analysis was performed including 541,175 SNP after quality control. Results showed a high heritability for dorsoventral displacement and stride frequency (>0.41), moderate for longitudinal activity (>0.19) and low for lateral activity (0.56). Genetic correlation with jumping performance was null except one negative correlation (-0.22*) for longitudinal activity at canter. GWAS revealed the importance of withers height on gaits and explained the choice to include this trait as covariate to investigate gaits at constant height and velocity. For the breeding objective, the selection of jumping horse is nearly independent of the gait characteristics except longitudinal activity at the canter
